Interviewing Updated Summer 09 Mah1

INTERVIEW Learning By Asking

3 primary forms of qualitative data collection
1. Interview
2. Observation
3. Document Analysis

Definition of an Interview
purposeful conversation
aim is to get information
2 people: interviewer and interviewee
2+ interviewees may become focus group

Qualitative Interview
In-depth, detailed descriptive data in interviewee’s own words
Intent is to understand the interviewee’s perspective

Asking Permission
When you ask permission to interview someone for a qualitative study, it is just that…gaining their permission
Be very polite
Ensure them this is for classroom purposes only
Information received will not be shared outside the classroom and pseudonyms will be used
Make sure the time and location arranged is good for them first, you second

PURPOSE OF INTERVIEWING
… IS TO FIND OUT WHAT IS IN AND ON SOMEONE ELSE’S MIND...WE INTERVIEW PEOPLE TO FIND OUT FROM THEM THOSE THINGS WE CANNOT DIRECTLY OBSERVE...THE PURPOSE OF INTERVIEWING, THEN, IS TO ALLOW US TO ENTER INTO THE OTHER PERSON’S PERSPECTIVE. THE ASSUMPTION IS THAT PERSPECTIVE IS MEANINGFUL, KNOWABLE, AND ABLE TO BE MADE EXPLICIT. (Patton)

Listening for….
Experience of participants
What experience looks like, feels like to participants
How people think about something
Expectations
How people perceive change

TYPES OF QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS
1. INFORMAL CONVERSATIONAL
2. INTERVIEW GUIDE
3. STANDARDIZED OPEN-ENDED

WHEN DEVELOPING INTERVIEW PROTOCOL CONSIDER
WORDING
CONTENT
SEQUENCE
FOLLOW UP (PROBES)

Wording of Questions
Ask open-ended questions

CONTENT OF INTERVIEWS: WHAT QUESTIONS TO ASK
1. EXPERIENCE/BEHAVIOR QUESTIONS
2. OPINION/BELIEF
3. FEELING
4. SENSORY
5. KNOWLEDGE
6. BACKGROUND/DEMOGRAPHIC
Patton

Interviewer’s Job
Maintain control
Be prepared
Be non-judgmental
Take notes, Audio tape
Pay close attention to your OWN non-verbal communication and remember it will play a role in how the interview proceeds.

STANDARD TEMPLATE FOR INTERVIEW PROTOCOL
Working Title of Study
Name of Interviewer (if there are multiple researchers):
Name of Interviewee and Position:
Place: Date: Starting Time: Ending Time:
Introduction: Write your opening statements. Thank person for participating. Even if you have discussed study purpose when setting up the interview, repeat it. Give succinct overview of study, promise confidentiality, get consent form signed, ask for permission to audio tape the interview. Confirm time interview will end.
Interview Questions
Closing: Thank the person for their time and contribution to your study. Mention again that this is a confidential interview. If you have plans to provide participants with copies of your study say so and how here. You might keep door open for follow up questions.

Research Teams Develop Interview Protocols
Use standardized format -- works well when there are multiple researchers.
Think about wording of questions and what you hope to learn.
Construct open-ended questions. Show no bias. Ask one question at a time.
Consider sequence of questions.
Consider opening and closing of interview.

INTERVIEW SIMULATIONS pilot test of interview protocol During Class #5
Present your 2 research questions & sampling criteria
Find member of class who meets criteria-that person becomes interviewee
Choose 1 member of group to conduct the pilot interview
Pilot interview conducted in front of class for immediate feedback
Groups meet to revise based on what is learned from pilot

Professor Approval of Instrument
Each group must get professor approval before conducting any interviews

Interviewing Updated Summer 09 Mah1

by Glenn E. Malone, EdD

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