La nave Rosetta de la Agencia Espacial Europea se convirtió en uno de los hitos de la investigación espacial de los últimos años. Fue lanzada el 2 de marzo de 2004 y, tras un viaje de 10 años en los que recorrió 6.400 millones de kilómetros a través del Sistema Solar, llegó a su destino, el cometa 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, el 6 de agosto de 2014. Se convertía así en la primera nave en acoplarse a un cometa y ponerse en su órbita. El 5 de mayo de 2015, la Fundación Ramón Areces dedicó un ciclo de conferencias a analizar esta gesta, en la que participaron los coordinadores científicos de la misión.
1. La misión Rosetta en el programa
científico de la ESA
Alvaro Giménez
Director de Ciencia y Exploración Robótica
5 de Mayo de 2015
4. 1.Saber más acerca del Universo; su origen y
estructura, la naturaleza de los cuerpos que lo
forman y nuestro papel en él.
2.La posibilidad de observar el Universo sin las
perturbaciones y limitaciones de la atmósfera
3.Explorar y realizar experimentos en distintas
partes del sistema solar, incluso traer muestras a
la Tierra.
EL ESPACIO NOS PERMITE
17. Elementos del Programa
1. L-class missions:
a.Large missions: e.g. observatories,
b.ESA contribution ~1000 M€.
2. M-class missions:
a.Medium missions: focussed goal/experiment,
b.ESA contribution ~500 M€.
3. S-class missions:
a.Small missions: very focussed & quick to do,
b.ESA contribution ≤50M€.
4. Missions of Opportunity
a.Opportunities for small non-enabling
contributions to missions of other Agencies
b.Response to non solicited opportunities
35. ESA comet orbiter and lander, launch 2004, arrival at Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in
Editor's Notes
Es la herramienta para investigar el Universo desde el Espacio:
Para saber más acerca del Universo; su origen y estructura, la naturaleza de los cuerpos que lo forman y nuestro papel en él.
Es un Programa desde la base:La selección de misiones se hace a partir de propuestas hechas por los científicos siguiendo criterios de excelencia científica.
Es el único Programa obligatorio:
Todos los países miembros participan en proporción a su PNB. Se puede hacer una planificación a largo plazo. Es una referencia mundial y la columna vertebral de la Agencia.
WE WANT TO SEE what is OUT THERE
Science is about curiosity, about exploring and understanding
Conciencia de globalidad
El planeta Tierra como un lugar especial en el Universo.
¿Qué es la Vida?
¿Estamos solos en el Universo?
¿Cómo evolucionará nuestra especie?; ¿y nuestro planeta?
Respuestas científicas requieren salir de la Tierra: “Salir de la Tierra para conocer nuestros Orígenes”
Explorar el espacio (sistema solar y fuera de él)
De dónde sali´todo ?
Thanks to cutting edge technology, astronomy is today unveiling a new universe around us. With ESA’s fleet of spacecraft, science can explore the full spectrum of light, see into the hidden infrared universe, visit the untamed and violent universe, study our galaxy and even look back at the dawn of time.
14 launches in 20 years (0.7 per year)
Cost over runs push missions beyond 2005
Herschel/Planck involved half of the budget moved into Horizon2000+ (1.5 years of the level of resources) instead of 3 years within H2000
Otherwise the wedges were balanced (in and out)
Cost over runs push missions beyond 2005
Herschel/Planck involved half of the budget moved into Horizon2000+ (1.5 years of the level of resources) instead of 3 years within H2000
Do not sacrifice the L missiojns and ensure the extension of missions as long as they provide excellent science
SOLO and LISA to CV, Eddington cancelled
GAIA y BC empezaron a la vez H/P + BC + GAIA = 5.0 years
2.5 years for LISAPF + JWST Inst (1.5) + Extensions (1)
Recharges 1.5 years (15%)
Small mission with only operational costs included in mission operations
Two decades considered now for Cosmic Vision
Call for M4 issued with deadline Jan/2015. FOUR Elements: L, M, S and O
Call for S2 to be issued immediately after.4 L 8 M 4 S and more than 4 O
PLATO selected in 1Q 2014.
CHEOPS adopted at the same time
with criteria of stability and affordability
Four identical satellites flying in formation
Unprecedented 3D study Earth’s protective bubble in space – the magnetosphere - and of its interaction with the solar wind
3D vision of magnetic reconnection in space
First measurement of electric current in space
Localisation of the sources of natural plasma waves, and discovery of surface waves in the ‘magnetotail’
Explanation of the origin of ‘black’ aurorae
Resumen de la misión
Launch: 2017
Cruise Phase: 3 years
Nominal/Extended Mission: 3.5/2.5 years
Orbit: 0.28–0.91 AU (P=150-168 days)
Out-of-Ecliptic View:Multiple gravity assists with Venus to increase out-of-ecliptic inclination to >34°
CIENCIA
How does the Sun create and control the Heliosphere – and why does solar activity change with time ?
What drives the solar wind and where does the coronal magnetic field originate from?
How do solar transients drive heliospheric variability
How do solar eruptions produce energetic particle radiation that fills the heliosphere?
How does the solar dynamo work and drive connections between the Sun and the heliosphere?
Launched in 2003
But before in 2014 ESA will visit Mercury to understand how Mars, Venus, Earth and Mercury - as the four rocky inner planets of our Solar System are called - formed.
Mercury is the only planet that has a global magnetic field apart from Earth – And Life on Earth depends on the magnetosphere. It is our main shield to protect life and us on Earth from cosmic radiation. We therefore better understand every detail of how a global magnetic field is created
This will be the first time that Mercury will be visited by two spacecrafts launched together: BepiColombo is a joint mission of ESA and JAXA, the Japanese Aerospace and Explortion Agency. It will be only the third mission to Mercury. The reason is that it is quite demanding to operate a spacecraft so close to the Sun.
Sol tierra = 150 millones de km. Sol Saturno 1.500 millones de km
Ganimedes, Calixto and Europa, oceand below the icy surface
to orbit a comet’s nucleus
to fly alongside a comet as it heads toward the inner solar system
to examine from close proximity how a frozen comet develops activity
to deploy a lander for the first controlled touch down on a comet nucleus
Launched with an Ariane 5 from Kourou on 2 March 2004.
It will rendezvous with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in mid-2014 and deliver the lander in November 2014.