Group 1 St. Claire

1. H armful
Elements

2. Berrylium .
Beryllium is a metallic chemical
element grouped with the
alkaline earth elements. lightest
of the alkaline earth elements,
and appears in a rigid, steely
gray form when it is pure.

3. Harmful Effects to the Environment
-Animals ingesting beryllium is thought to present a low
risk of toxicity.
- However, dogs fed a diet containing beryllium
developed ulcers.
-Abraded or lacerated skin, exposed to beryllium may
develop rashes or ulcers.

4. Harmful Effects on the Human Body
When inhaled as a particulate, some beryllium compounds can
lead to an irreversible and sometimes fatal scarring of the lungs known
as berylliosis or chronic beryllium disease (CBD)
Symptoms of CBD may include persistent coughing, shortness of
breath with physical exertion, fatigue, chest and joint pain, blood in the
sputum, rapid heart rate, loss of appetite or anorexia, weight loss,
fevers and night sweats, right side heart enlargement

5. Cobalt .
Cobalt is a chemical element with
symbol Co and atomic number 27.
The element, produced by
reductive smelting, is a hard,
lustrous, silver-gray metal. It is
used for batteries and alloys

6. Harmful Effects to the Environment
-Coal combustion and mining, processing of cobalt-containing
ores and the production and use of cobalt chemicals add
cobalt to the environment.
-Cobalt cannot be destroyed once it has entered the
environment.
- Cobalt inhalation may lead to ‘hard metal disease’,
respiratory sensitization, pneumonia, wheezing, and asthma.

7. Harmful Effects on the Human Body
-Cobalt is beneficial for humans because it is a part
of vitamin B12.
- too high concentrations of cobalt may damage human
health. When we breathe in too high concentrations of
cobalt through air we experience lung effects, such as
asthma and pneumonia
Some health effects are
- Vomiting and nausea
- Vision problems
- Heart problems
- Thyroid damage

8. Iodine .
Iodine is a nonmetallic chemical element that is found
abundantly in seawater and in some minerals in the earth.
It is classified in the halogens, along with elements
like chlorine and bromine, and like other elements in this
group, it is reactive and toxic in large amounts. The element
is also a vital trace element needed for proper human
nutrition.

9. Harmful Effects to the Environment
- Iodine may be radioactive. The radioactive isotopes are formed
naturally during chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Most
radioactive isotopes of iodine have very short half-lives and will
reshape into stable iodine compounds quickly. However, there is
one radioactive form of iodine that has a half-live of millions of
years and that is seriously harmful to the environment. This isotope
enters the air from nuclear power plants, where it is formed during
uranium and plutonium processing. Accidents in nuclear power
plants have caused the release of large amounts of radioactive
iodine into air.

10. Harmful Effects on the Human Body
-Humans that eat little to no iodine-contained food can
experience iodine shortages. The function of the thyroid
gland will then slow down and the thyroid gland will start
swelling up
- Large quantities of iodine can be dangerous because the
thyroid gland will labor too hastily. This affects the entire
body; it causes disturbed heartbeats and loss of weight.

11. Lead .
Lead is a soft metal that has known many
applications over the years. It has been used
widely since 5000 BC for application in metal
products, cables and pipelines, but also in paints
and pesticides. Lead is one out of four metals
that have the most damaging effects on human
health.

12. Harmful Effects to the Environment
-Lead can end up in water and soils through corrosion of leaded
pipelines in a water transporting system and through corrosion of
leaded paints. It cannot be broken down; it can only convert to other
forms.
- Lead accumulates in the bodies of water organisms and soil organisms.
These will experience health effects from lead poisoning.
- Soil functions are disturbed by lead intervention, especially near
highways and farmlands, where extreme concentrations may be
present. Soil organisms suffer from lead poisoning, too.

13. Harmful Effects on the Human Body
-For as far as we know, lead fulfils no essential function in
the human body, it can merely do harm after uptake
from food, air or water.
Lead can cause several unwanted effects, such as:
- A rise in blood pressure
- Kidney damage
- Disruption of nervous systems
- Brain damage
- Declined fertility of men through sperm damage
- Diminished learning abilities of children
- Behavioral disruptions of children, such as aggression,
impulsive behavior and hyperactivity

14. Cadmium .
Cadmium is a chemical element with
the symbol Cd and atomic number
48. This soft, bluish-white metal is
chemically similar to the two other
stable metals in group 12, zinc and
mercury.

15. Harmful Effects to the Environment
-Cadmium strongly adsorbs to organic matter in soils. When
cadmium is present in soils it can be extremely dangerous, as
the uptake through food will increase. Soils that are acidified
enhance the cadmium uptake by plants. This is a potential
danger to the animals that are dependent upon the plants for
survival. Cadmium can accumulate in their bodies, especially
when they eat multiple plants.
- Earthworms and other essential soil organisms are extremely
susceptive to cadmium poisoning. They can die at very low
concentrations and this has consequences for the soil
structure.
- Animals eating or drinking cadmium sometimes get high
blood-pressures, liver disease and nerve or brain damage.

16. Harmful Effects on the Human Body
-Human uptake of cadmium takes place mainly through food.
An exposure to significantly higher cadmium levels occurs
when people smoke.
- . When people breathe in cadmium it can severely damage
the lungs. This may even cause death.
-Other health effects that can be caused by cadmium are:
- Diarrhea, stomach pains and severe vomiting
- Bone fracture
- Reproductive failure and possibly even infertility
- Damage to the central nervous system
- Damage to the immune system
- Psychological disorders
- Possibly DNA damage or cancer development

17. Lithium .
Chromium is a chemical element which has
the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is
the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-
gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high
polish and has a high melting point. It is also
odorless, tasteless, and malleable.

18. Harmful Effects to the Environment
-when the amount of chromium in the soil rises, this can still lead to
higher concentrations in crops. Acidification of soil can also
influence chromium uptake by crops. Plants usually absorb only
chromium(III). This may be the essential kind of chromium, but
when concentrations exceed a certain value, negative effects can
still occur.
- Chromium is not known to accumulate in the bodies of fish, but
high concentrations of chromium, due to the disposal of metal
products in surface waters, can damage the gills of fish that swim
near the point of disposal.
- In animals chromium can cause respiratory problems, a lower
ability to fight disease, birth defects, infertility and tumor formation.

19. Harmful Effects on the Human Body
-People can be exposed to chromium through breathing, eating
or drinking and through skin contact with chromium or chromium
compounds.
- Chromium(VI) is known to cause various health effects. When it
is a compound in leather products, it can cause allergic reactions,
such as skin rash.
Other health problems that are caused by chromium(VI) are:
- Skin rashes
- Upset stomachs and ulcers
- Respiratory problems
- Weakened immune systems
- Kidney and liver damage
- Alteration of genetic material
- Lung cancer
- Death

20. Flourine .
Fluorine (symbol F) isthe chemical
element with atomic number 9. It is the
lightest halogen. Fluorine is the
most electronegative element and is extremely
reactive, requiring great care in handling. It has a
single stable isotope, fluorine-19.

21. Harmful Effects to the Environment
-Too much fluoride, whether taken in from the soil by roots, or
adsorbed from the atmosphere by the leaves, retards the growth
of plants and reduces crop yields. Those more affected are corns
and apricots.
- Animals that eat fluorine-containing plants may accumulate
large amounts of fluorine in their bodies. Fluorine primarily
accumulates in bones. Consequently, animals that are exposed
to high concentrations of fluorine suffer from dental decay and
bone degradation. Finally, it can cause low birth-weights.

22. Harmful Effects on the Human Body
-Fluorine is essential for the maintenance of solidity of our bones.
Fluorine can also protect us from dental decay, if it is applied
through toothpaste twice a day.
- If fluorine is absorbed too frequently, it can cause teeth
decay, osteoporosis and harm to kidneys, bones, nerves and
muscles.
- Fluorine gas is released in the industries. This gas is very
dangerous, as it can cause death at very high concentrations. At
low concentrations it causes eye and nose irritations.

23. Mercury .
Mercury is a chemical element with
the symbol Hg and atomic
number 80. It is also known
as quicksilver or hydrargyrum . A
heavy, silvery d-block element,
mercury is the only metal that is liquid

24. Harmful Effects to the Environment
-Methylmercury is particularly damaging to developing embryos,
which are five to ten times more sensitive than adults. Exposure to
methylmercury is usually by ingestion, and it is absorbed more
readily and excreted more slowly than other forms of mercury.
- the form released from broken thermometers, causes tremors,
gingivitis, and excitability when vapors are inhaled over a long
period of time

25. Harmful Effects on the Human Body
-exposed to methylmercury almost entirely by eating contaminated
fish and wildlife that are at the top of aquatic foodchains.
- which damages the gastrointestinal tract and causes kidney
failure
- If elemental mercury is ingested, it is absorbed relatively slowly
and may pass through the digestive system without causing
damage.

26. Arsenic .
Arsenic can be found naturally on earth in
small concentrations. It occurs in soil and
minerals and it may enter air, water and
land through wind-blown dust and water
run-off. It is one of the first known toxic
substances to man.

27. Harmful Effects to the Environment
-Plants absorb arsenic fairly easily, so that high-ranking concentrations
may be present in food.
- The concentrations of the dangerous inorganic arsenics that are
currently present in surface waters enhance the chances of alteration
of genetic materials of fish. This is mainly caused by accumulation of
arsenic in the bodies of plant-eating freshwater organisms.
- Birds eat the fish that already contain eminent amounts of arsenic and
will die as a result of arsenic poisoning as the fish is decomposed in
their bodies.

28. Harmful Effects on the Human Body
-Humans may be exposed to arsenic through food, water and air.
Exposure may also occur through skin contact with soil or water
that contains arsenic.
-fish that contain significant amounts of inorganic arsenic may be
a danger to human health.
-Exposure to inorganic arsenic can cause various health effects,
such as irritation of the stomach and intestines, decreased
production of red and white blood cells, skin changes and lung
irritation.
- chances of cancer development, especially the chances of
development of skin cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and
lymphatic cancer.
- Finally, inorganic arsenic can damage DNA.
- A lethal dose of arsenic oxide is generally regarded as 100 mg.

29. Barium .
Barium is a chemical element
with symbol Ba and atomic
number 56. It is the fifth element
in Group 2, a soft silvery
metallic alkaline earth metal.

30. Harmful Effects to the Environment
-Enters the atmosphere through bruning coal and oil and during mining
ores
- Water-soluble barium compounds are poisonous. At low doses,
barium ions act as a muscle stimulant, whereas higher doses affect the
nervous system, causing cardiac irregularities, tremors, weakness,
anxiety, dyspnea and paralysis.

31. Harmful Effects on the Human Body
-Muscle fatigue, difficult breathing, increased blood pressure and
numbness are some symptoms for mild barium exposure
- Can cause gastrointestinal problems like vomiting
- Extended exposure are found to cause changes in heart rhythm,
kidney problems, weight loss, paralysis and even death.
- It is albeit still unclassified as a carcinogen

32. Group 6 .
• Judmel Acharon
• James Aguas
• Jason Almariego
• Auliver Arrellano
• Jose Maria Deang