cs1110 - Dr. Kaminski Introduction to

cs1110 - Dr. Kaminski Introduction to Computers & Programming

To do. . .
Attendance
Class cancelled? (weather? I’m sick?)
www.cs.wmich.edu/~cs1110
syllabus & schedule
help
link to Kaminski’s cs1110 WebPage

CS1110 Focus (scale of 0-5)
Programming (any language) 5
C# language (the basics) 5
Debugging 4
Algorithm design (basic) 3
Follow requirement specs 3
Testing 2
Programming environment (.NET) 1
GUI (Visual) interface 0

What’s a “computer”?
PC (Windows machine), Mac, . . .
micro-computer (laptop, desktop, netbook),
mini-computer, mainframe, supercomputer
Blackbery, iPhone, smart phone, iPod, Tivo, Xbox, …
print server, file server, DB server, web server,…

2 parts of a “computer”
Hardware (HW)
CPU
Memory (RAM, …)
Storage devices: Disk, CD, DVD, thumb drive, …
I/O devices
Connectivity: NW, wifi, bluetooth, ethernet, …
Software (SW)
programs
makes the computer “smart”
controls HW
hides most HW from user

HW – CPU
1) CU (Control Unit) - Boss
fetch & decode instruction
(the instr. specified in PC (program counter) )
call & pass data to/from other HW units
2) ALU (Arithmetic & Logic Unit) - Worker
arithmetic + - * /
comparisons = <

HW - Storage
1 - Primary storage = Memory (RAM)
internal storage
temporary, volatile, small, fast-access
e.g., 512MB, . . . 1GB, . . .
2 - Secondary storage
disk, CD, DVD, SD card, USB thumb drive
external storage
permanent, large capacity, slow-access
e.g., 250GB, . . . 1TB, . . . HD
(or 2GB flash drive in netbook) . . .

HW – I/O
Input
Devices: keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, . . .
camera, scanner, microphone, . . .
File, DB, internet, . . .
Output
Devices: Screen, printer, AV device, . . .
Control machine, robot, . . .
File, DB, internet, . . .

SW (programs)
system SW
OS, utilities, device drivers, compilers, text editors, NW SW, . . .
application SW
general-purpose
DBMS, MS Office, browser, Visual Studio
application-specific
Payroll, WMU registration

Programmer
Application programmer
Systems “
Database “
Network “
Web “
. . .
. . .
Games, AI, graphics, . . .

Program
recipe
detailed step-by-step INSTRUCTIONS
tells computer EXACTLY what to do
controls HW
processes data
package vs. in-house programs
“SW system” = set of programs
e.g., operating system

Software Engineer
Programmer - “Developer”
Systems Analyst - “Designer”
SW Engineering activities:
Plan, design, test, document
Code (= write program)
Develop GUI
Develop modules (classes)
Customize package
Build SW from components
. . .

IPO model (IPSO model?)
Input  Processing  Output
& Storing

IPO
HUMAN
see/hear  [think & remember]  speak/write
HW
mouse/KB …  [CPU & RAM & disk]  screen, …
SW (traditional program)
data  [process & store]  data
(user/file/DB) (user/file/DB)
^^^^^^^^^^
[= the PROGRAM]

Data
text, numbers
graphics, sound, images, movies, . . .
mouse clicks (single/double, left/right), mouse hovers, . . .
web page, text message, . . .

Types of applications
Batch processing
Typically: file in, file/printer out
Interactive
simple text I/O with user (Console App)
GUI (Windows App)
(Web App)
Visual C# can do all of these
CS1110 – only Console Applications

IPO
SW (windows application)
user input  [process & store]  screen display
mouse clicks   DB
data in a form 
SW module (a method)
input parameter  [procedure]  return value
[& local variables]
[& class’s instance variables]

Types of Programs/Programming
Event-driven program
Modular program
Visual program
Structured program
Procedural program (next time & …)
Object-oriented program (couple weeks)
OOP
Visual C# can do all of these

Event-driven programming
IPO: event  [handler module
in program]  effects
Events:
left-mouse-click on button/slider bar/menu item,
mouse hovers over X,
user hits Enter key, hit F5 key,
sensor detects change,
change made to the DB,
. . .
Programming: Write a module to handle any event that could happen

Windows App vs. Console App
event-driven
Windows App vs. Console App
Controller User Program (Main)
Input PUSHed into PULLed by
program by user program
Interface Windows/GUI/ Console (text)
Visual/web/…
Mode Interactive Batch or
simple text I/O

Modular programming
Program = a collection of small modules
A module is:
(in Procedural Prog.)
an IPO procedure or function
(in Object Oriented Prog.)
a Class (object)
a IPO method within a class
~ procedure
Programming – write modules
Top-down or bottom-up

Visual Programming
Visual C#, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual J#
1) Construct GUI from pre-existing visual components
Text box, radio button, slider bar, dropdown list,...
2) Adjust the properties of these objects
3) Add procedural code (a module) specifying:
WHAT to do for
each EVENT that might happen to this object
(Much code is automatically generated for an object)

Structured Programming
All procedural code (C# methods) is made from stacking or nesting of:
1) Sequence Structure
action1, action2, action3, . . .
2) Selection (condition) Structure
if conditionX is true
then action1
else
action2
3) Repetition (loop) Structure
while conditionX is true do
{ action1,
action2,
...
}

Programming
= problem-solving   solution
Solve the problem right AND
Solve the right problem
Determine:
WHAT needs to be done
HOW to do it (the algorithm)

Example Problems
iPod - List Song titles in alphabetical order
Calculate final grade in cs1110
Sync up iPod & iTunes on PC
Pay off a car loan at X% over Y years
Google Map Directions
– find the shortest path Kzoo  GR

Steps in programming
Requirements specification (what)
Program design (how)
The Algorithm (in Pseudocode)
Which Modules
GUI
Coding (development) [in C#]
Testing & debugging
Documentation (external)
Maintenance

Algorithm (the “P” of IPO)
e.g., find all Prime Numbers <= 120?
View of “P”:
User’s view: BLACK-box
Programmer’s view : WHITE(“clear”)-box
(write & test actual code)
Program’s “P” (the processing) could:
Lookup in a table / file / DB
Calculate using
Algorthm1 or Algorithm2 or . . .

Construct program from
pre-existing classes/methods in library
just need to know interface (I/O)
classes/methods written by programmer

Basic Operations (processing) used in a program
1) Actual Work
arithmetic
comparison ( =, <, >, and, or, not)
2) Move/storing data
Assignment Mem  Mem
I/O (Read)
KB/mouse/text-on-screen/touchscreen/file/…  Mem
I/O (Write)
Mem  screen/printer/file/…

Basic Operations (processing) used in a program
3) Control the flow
(what instruction executes next)
default: do next line
maybe do this line (if, switch)
jump to specific line (loop, break)
goto & return (call)
4) Packaging
Methods (procedures)
Classes

1 st & 2 nd Generation Programming Languages
Machine Languages (ML)
11010010001010011110000111000111
Machine-dependent
Assembly Languages
Add 210(8,13)
Machine-dependent

3 rd Generation Languages
High Level Languages (HLL), e.g., C#
Average = (Ex1 + Ex2 + Ex3) / 3;
2 main programming paradigms
Procedural (PP)
C, COBOL, Fortran, Basic, ... ,
any OOP can do PP
Object-oriented (OOP)
C#, Java, C++, Visual Basic.NET

Compiler
HLL program  [compiler]  ML program
Hello.cs  C# compiler  Hello.exe
(source code) (executable)

4 th & 5 th Generation Languages
Application-specific Languages
e.g., SQL for DBS
Select name, phone from student
where major = “CS” and state = “MI”;
Natural Languages (English, . . .)
If patient is age 65 or older
and is disoriented
and has pain in his/her left arm
then patient could have had a heart attack

cs1110 - Dr. Kaminski Introduction to

by Flashdomain on Apr 15, 2010

Accessibility

Upload Details

Usage Rights

Statistics

cs1110 - Dr. Kaminski Introduction to Presentation Transcript