Linked Data and why we (librarians) should care

LINKED DATA and why we (librarians) should care BERMES, Emmanuelle Bibliothèque nationale de France Paris, France IFLA satellite pre-conference Emerging trends in technology : libraries between Web 2.0, semantic Web and search technology. Florence, August 19-20, 2009

The Issue : how to put library data directly onto the Web ?
Not another Protocol...
Not another API...
Just... THE WEB

Silos of hidden data
Library data are silos, inaccessible to Web architecture (no URL, no links)
Library-specific protocols : Z39.50, SRU-SRW, OAI-PMH
Application-specific protocols : Web services, APIs

Linked Data Principles
Use URIs as names for things
Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.
When someone looks up a URI, provide useful RDF information.
Include RDF statements that link to other URIs, so that they can discover related things.
Linked Data principles based on Tim Berners-Lee

1. Use URIs as names for things isbn:3791332724 OCLC number : 62342400 http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sandro_Botticelli http://viaf.org/19686406 http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119585037 http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvvPHiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62342400 http://lccn.loc.gov/2005531285
A bottom-up approach

2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names URI RDF/XML RDF/N3 ... HTML catalogue CONTENT NEGOTIATION

3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful RDF information.

4. Include RDF statements that link to other URIs so that they can discover related things.

... to a Web of applications... From a Web of documents...

...To a Web of data

Linked data cloud

Linked data cloud General Interest resources

Linked data cloud General Interest resources Social resources

Linked data cloud General Interest resources Social resources Geographic & statistics resources

Linked data cloud General Interest resources Social resources Geographic & statistics resources Multimedia resources

Linked data cloud General Interest resources Social resources Geographic & statistics resources Multimedia resources Health care & life science resources

Linked data cloud General Interest resources Social resources Geographic & statistics resources Multimedia resources Health care & life science resources Bibliographic resources

An example : DBPedia Mobile

Another example : BBC music Beta

Can Bibliographic data be put directly onto the Semantic Web ?
Structured data
Data Model Issues
A bottom-up approach
Martha Yee
Karen Coyle
Trust issues
Metadata about metadata
URI design issues
Matching criteria / identifiers
Some issues...

Can Librarians be put directly onto the Semantic Web ?
Unpredictability of usage
Eric Hellman
Librarians speaking to machines

Possible applications of libraries in the Linked Data
Vocabularies & authorities
Dublin Core Metadata Terms http://purl.org/dc/terms
VIAF http://viaf.org/
Library of Congress Authorities & vocabularies http://authorities.loc.gov
Rameau http://stitch.cs.vu.nl/rameau
OAI-ORE : http://www.openarchives.org/ore/
Data & services
Catalogues : Libris http://libris.kb.se/
Applications and services
Real-world use cases

LINKED DATA a library use case

A library use case...
A publisher provides basic information about a book
< http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > onix:productNumber ''978-0-5416-0148-2'' onix:productTitle ''Voyage à Florence'' onix:author ''John Doe'' onix:publisher ''Books Inc.''

The national library adds bibliographic and authority control
< http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > onix:productNumber ''978-0-5416-0148-2'' onix:productTitle ''Voyage à Florence'' onix:author ''John Doe'' onix:publisher ''Books Inc.'' <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> dc:creator < http://viaf.org/34505049 > frbr:work ''ISTC 0A9-2002-12B4A105-7'' dc:subject <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept>

My local library adds holding information
< http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > onix:productNumber ''978-0-5416-0148-2'' onix:productTitle ''Voyage à Florence'' onix:author ''John Doe'' onix:publisher ''Books Inc.'' <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> dc:creator < http://viaf.org/34505049 > frbr:work ''ISTC 0A9-2002-12B4A105-7'' dc:subject <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept> <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x > mods:location < http://mylocalibrary.net > mods:shelfLocator ''914.4''

Some nice guy out there adds links from Wikipedia
< http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > onix:productNumber ''978-0-5416-0148-2'' onix:productTitle ''Voyage à Florence'' onix:author ''John Doe'' onix:publisher ''Books Inc.'' <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> dc:creator < http://viaf.org/34505049 > frbr:work ''ISTC 0A9-2002-12B4A105-7'' dc:subject <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept> <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> mods:location < http://mylocalibrary.net > mods:shelfLocator ''914.4'' < http://dbpedia.org/page/Florence > owl:sameas < http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept > dbprop:reference < http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 >

A library use case... < http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > onix:productNumber ''978-0-5416-0148-2'' onix:productTitle ''Voyage à Florence'' onix:author ''John Doe'' onix:publisher ''Books Inc.'' <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> dc:creator < http://viaf.org/34505049 > frbr:work ''ISTC 0A9-2002-12B4A105-7'' dc:subject <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept> <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> mods:location < http://mylocalibrary.net > mods:shelfLocator ''914.4'' < http://dbpedia.org/page/Florence > owl:sameas < http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept > dbprop:reference < http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 >
My library's IT staff creates a Webpage where I can find all information regarding this book, links to related books from the same author, on the same subject, the author's bio from wikipedia, comments from Amazon...

No crosswalk / mapping !
Each one uses his own metadata format, all triples can be aggregated
No data redundancy !
Each one creates only the data he needs, and retrieves already existing information
No harvesting !
The data is available directly on the Web
No branding issue !
The URIs allow to track down the original data whatever its origin
No software-specific developments !
Everything relies on open standards such as RDF, SPARQL... no need to learn a new protocol or query language

Thank you – Q&A References & credits: http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/2178285893 Tim Berners Lee's conference on linked data, TED 2009 http://www.w3.org/2009/Talks/0204-ted-tbl http://www.flickr.com/photos/generated/501445202/ http://kcoyle.blogspot.com Martha Yee's article : http://repositories.cdlib.org/postprints/3369/ http://go-to-hellman.blogspot.com/2009/08/can-librarians-be-put-directly-onto.html Linked data tutorial at ISWC 2008 : http://events.linkeddata.org/iswc2008tutorial/

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Linked Data and why we (librarians) should care

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Linked Data and why we (librarians) should care — Presentation Transcript