SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 16
Download to read offline
Second Assembly of the Arctic Circle, 
31 October – 2 November 2014 Reykjavik, Iceland 
THE ARCTIC OCEAN – FISHERIES 
Presentation by Árni M. Mathiesen 
Assistant Director-General 
Fisheries and Aquaculture Department 
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Hunger 
• 805 million people estimated to be suffering from chronic hunger in 2012–14, 
down 100 million in the last decade. 
• The vast majority, 791 million, live in developing countries. 
1014.5 
929.9 946.2 
World 
Developing regions 
840.5 
805.3 
994.1 
908.7 930.8 
824.9 
790.7 
1,100 
1,050 
1,000 
950 
900 
850 
800 
750 
700 
1990-92 2000-02 2005-07 2009-11 2012-14 
Number of undernourished (millions) and prevalence (%) of undernourishment 
1990–92 2000–02 2005–07 2008–10 2012–14* 
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % 
WORLD 1 014.5 18.7 929.9 14.9 946.2 14.3 840.5 12.1 805.3 11.3
Millions of children suffering nutrition deficiency 
Vitamin A deficiency 
Causing blindness 
250 million preschool children affected 
Iron deficiency 
Anaemia contributes to 20% of all maternal deaths. 
40% of preschool children anaemic in developing 
countries. 
Iodine deficiency 
Impairing cognitive development in children 
54 countries still iodine-deficient 
Source: WHO 
805 million hungry people 
Source: WHO 
Trend 
Billions of obesity or overweight people 
 Worldwide obesity has nearly doubled since 1980. 
Adults (aged 20 or older) 
 More than 1.4 billion (35% of total) overweight in 
2008 
 Over 200 million men and nearly 300 million 
women (11 % of total) obese in 2008. 
Children (under the age of 5) 
 More than 40 million children overweight or obese 
in 2012. 
Source: WHO 
Food security and nutrition status 
Hunger hand-in-hand with poverty
Contribution of fish to human nutrition 
Fish provides high quality animal protein Fish especially important to countries with low animal protein intake 
19.4 
22.9 
6.5 
10.3 
11.6 
7.6 
24.1 
16.7 
World 
LIFDCs 
Latin America &… 
0 10 20 30 
Northern America 
Oceania 
Europe 
Africa 
Asia 
% 
Fish as a percentage of total animal protein intake 
Protein 
Vitamin A 
DHA 
EPA 
Vitamin B12 
Zinc 
Iron 
Vitamin D 
Calcium 
Selenium 
Iodine 
Fish, a source of nutrients Daily need (RDI) for children: 
DHA+EPA (Ω-3); 
seafood main source 
150 (250) μg 
Vitamin A; 
250 million preschool children 
deficient 
150 (250) mg 
Iron; 
1.6 billion people deficient 
8.9 mg 
(at 10% bioavailability) 
Iodine; 
seafood natural source, 2 billion 
people deficient 
120 μg 
Zinc; 
800 000 child deaths per year 
5.6 mg 
(at moderate bioavailability)
Socioeconomic contribution of aquaculture and fisheries
FAO’s strategic goals 
ERADICATE HUNGER, FOOD 
insecurity and MALNUTRITION 
ELIMINATE RURAL POVERTY 
THROUGH SOCIO-ECONOMIC 
DEVELOPMENT 
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT 
AND UTILIZATION OF NATURAL 
SOURCES
The Blue Growth Initiative 
To promote the sustainable use and conservation of the 
Aim aquatic renewable resources 
Four Main Components 
• Fisheries 
• Aquaculture 
• Livelihoods 
and food 
systems 
• Eco-system 
Services 
Global 
•Implementation 
of International 
Instruments and 
EAF 
•Combat IUU 
fishing 
•Reduction of 
Over-capacity, 
restoring fish 
stocks, habitats 
and aquatic 
biodiversity 
•GAAP 
•International 
advocacy and 
coop 
Regional 
•Regional 
Initiative on Blue 
Growth (FAO 
RAP) 
• Regional 
Fisheries Bodies 
• Other FAO 
Regional 
Initiatives 
Country level 
•Development and 
implementation of 
national policies and 
strategies for blue 
growth 
•BGI-RAP, regional 
•BGI-RNE, regional, 
sub-regional 
•BGI- RAF, national, 
sub-regional
Climate Change Implications for Fisheries and Aquaculture 
Key findings from IPCC AR 5 
Holmyard, 2014
The Artic Ocean - Fisheries
Potential Impacts of Climate Change 
on Fisheries in the Arctic 
Major fisheries (cod, haddock, saithe, redfish, Greenland halibut, and capelin stocks 
in Barents Sea and Norwegian Sea) may change its abundance and distribution (e.g. 
Arctic cod larval survival may increase ). 
Some sub-Arctic species are expanding northwards into the Arctic (known northward-movement: 
snow crab in the Bering and Chukchi seas, several crab and mollusk 
species in the Chukchi Sea, blue mussel in Svalbard, sand eel in the North Sea, etc). 
Some Arctic-adapted species are losing habitat along the southern edges of their 
ranges (Pacific walrus in Bering Sea). 
Warming ocean temperatures, migrating fish stocks and shifting sea ice conditions 
from a changing climate may potentially favor the development of new commercial 
fisheries.
Fisheries governance and management 
The global policy and legislative framework for the conservation and management of living 
marine resources is laid down principally in UNCLOS, the UN Fish Stocks Agreement, and the 
FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and related instruments. UNGA, FAO-COFI. 
States have sovereign responsibility with in EEZs. 
RFMOs play a key role in fostering cooperation among States to ensure the long-term 
sustainability of fisheries, through the adoption and implementation of regionally-agreed 
management and conservation measures, based on the best scientific evidence. 
Two long-established RFMOs in the northern hemisphere are NEAFC and NAFO, which enjoy 
a strong cooperative relationship, including in the joint management of the pelagic redfish – 
Sebastes mentella. 
NEAFC also has a special agreement with ICES, an intergovernmental scientific organization, 
which provides scientific information and advice, on the basis of which NEAFC adopts fisheries 
management measures.
RFMO Convention Areas
NEAFC’s Convention Area extends into the Arctic Ocean and includes 
significantly sizeable Regulatory Areas (orange) within the Arctic Circle.
When new areas in the Arctic become “harvestable”, fishing activities will fall under the general 
regulatory regime established by NEAFC’s Scheme of Control and Enforcement (SCE), applicable 
to Contracting Parties, non-Contracting Parties (NCP) and Cooperative NCP vessels. The SCE 
includes MCS requirements and procedures for vessels targeting Regulated Resources and non- 
Regulated resources (including Port State Control and IUU listing). 
If harvesting in a new area will involve bottom fishing activities, it will be considered a “new 
bottom fishing area” as defined by NEAFC’s Recommendation 19:2014. In practice, “new bottom 
fishing areas” are “closed areas” with very strict conditions for access: initially for “exploratory 
bottom fisheries” and later (if so decided) to become “existing bottom fishing areas” 
As the distribution of certain fish stocks gradually moves further north due to climate change, the 
fisheries governance and management in the Arctic Ocean is becoming increasingly important and 
sensitive; a significant portion of international waters in the Arctic Ocean is not currently covered 
by a specific fisheries regulatory framework.
Considerations for sustainable 
fisheries development in the Arctic 
A holistic cross-sectoral approach: 
-safeguarding the environment 
-ensuring sustainable fisheries management/development to be adopted in face of uncertain 
changes due to climate change and acceleration of economic development in the Arctic region. 
-research. 
Adaptive actions at the local, regional or global level to provide Arctic communities with a broad 
suite of tools to help them respond to the change. 
The need for an agreement(s) on responsible fisheries development in the Arctic, in particular, 
preventing unregulated fishing in the unregulated part of the Central Arctic Ocean.
The Artic Ocean - Fisheries

More Related Content

What's hot

Global Policy and Trade Session: Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospe...
Global Policy and Trade Session:  Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospe...Global Policy and Trade Session:  Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospe...
Global Policy and Trade Session: Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospe...FAO
 
Fisheries, aquaculture and food security – Annual meeting Norway FAO 8 Janua...
Fisheries,  aquaculture and food security – Annual meeting Norway FAO 8 Janua...Fisheries,  aquaculture and food security – Annual meeting Norway FAO 8 Janua...
Fisheries, aquaculture and food security – Annual meeting Norway FAO 8 Janua...FAO
 
Major issues, For the Diplomatic Education and training center, Mid career co...
Major issues, For the Diplomatic Education and training center, Mid career co...Major issues, For the Diplomatic Education and training center, Mid career co...
Major issues, For the Diplomatic Education and training center, Mid career co...FAO
 
FAO’s Blue Growth Initiative
FAO’s Blue Growth InitiativeFAO’s Blue Growth Initiative
FAO’s Blue Growth InitiativeFAO
 
Fish and Human Nutrition
Fish and Human NutritionFish and Human Nutrition
Fish and Human NutritionFAO
 
Fisheries and Aquaculture in Bangladesh and potential cooperation with FAO
Fisheries and Aquaculture in Bangladesh and potential cooperation with FAOFisheries and Aquaculture in Bangladesh and potential cooperation with FAO
Fisheries and Aquaculture in Bangladesh and potential cooperation with FAOFAO
 
Financing the sustaibanable ocean economy
Financing the sustaibanable ocean economyFinancing the sustaibanable ocean economy
Financing the sustaibanable ocean economyFAO
 
Outcome of the SIDS Ministerial Meeting (EXPO Milano, 15 October 2015) - Pres...
Outcome of the SIDS Ministerial Meeting (EXPO Milano, 15 October 2015) - Pres...Outcome of the SIDS Ministerial Meeting (EXPO Milano, 15 October 2015) - Pres...
Outcome of the SIDS Ministerial Meeting (EXPO Milano, 15 October 2015) - Pres...FAO
 
Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based Technology and Knowl...
Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based  Technology and Knowl...Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based  Technology and Knowl...
Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based Technology and Knowl...FAO
 
Fisheries, food security and our commitments on oceans and seas
Fisheries, food security and our commitments on oceans and seasFisheries, food security and our commitments on oceans and seas
Fisheries, food security and our commitments on oceans and seasFAO
 
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA)
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA)The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA)
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA)FAO
 
The state of world fisheries and aquaculture
The state of world fisheries and aquacultureThe state of world fisheries and aquaculture
The state of world fisheries and aquaculturemarcleorg
 
Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospects and challenges
Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospects and challengesOutlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospects and challenges
Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospects and challengesÁrni Matthias Mathiesen
 
Ccrf(code of conduct for responsible fisheries_
Ccrf(code of conduct for responsible fisheries_Ccrf(code of conduct for responsible fisheries_
Ccrf(code of conduct for responsible fisheries_Shrish Chandra Yadav
 
Fishery Development in Africa – Countries (2009)
Fishery Development in Africa – Countries (2009)Fishery Development in Africa – Countries (2009)
Fishery Development in Africa – Countries (2009)FAO
 
The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)
The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)
The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)Iwl Pcu
 
World Supply, Demand and Trade of Fish and Fishery Products
World Supply, Demand and Trade of Fish and Fishery ProductsWorld Supply, Demand and Trade of Fish and Fishery Products
World Supply, Demand and Trade of Fish and Fishery ProductsFAO
 

What's hot (20)

Global Policy and Trade Session: Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospe...
Global Policy and Trade Session:  Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospe...Global Policy and Trade Session:  Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospe...
Global Policy and Trade Session: Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospe...
 
Fisheries, aquaculture and food security – Annual meeting Norway FAO 8 Janua...
Fisheries,  aquaculture and food security – Annual meeting Norway FAO 8 Janua...Fisheries,  aquaculture and food security – Annual meeting Norway FAO 8 Janua...
Fisheries, aquaculture and food security – Annual meeting Norway FAO 8 Janua...
 
Major issues, For the Diplomatic Education and training center, Mid career co...
Major issues, For the Diplomatic Education and training center, Mid career co...Major issues, For the Diplomatic Education and training center, Mid career co...
Major issues, For the Diplomatic Education and training center, Mid career co...
 
FAO’s Blue Growth Initiative
FAO’s Blue Growth InitiativeFAO’s Blue Growth Initiative
FAO’s Blue Growth Initiative
 
Fish and Human Nutrition
Fish and Human NutritionFish and Human Nutrition
Fish and Human Nutrition
 
Fisheries and Aquaculture in Bangladesh and potential cooperation with FAO
Fisheries and Aquaculture in Bangladesh and potential cooperation with FAOFisheries and Aquaculture in Bangladesh and potential cooperation with FAO
Fisheries and Aquaculture in Bangladesh and potential cooperation with FAO
 
Financing the sustaibanable ocean economy
Financing the sustaibanable ocean economyFinancing the sustaibanable ocean economy
Financing the sustaibanable ocean economy
 
Outcome of the SIDS Ministerial Meeting (EXPO Milano, 15 October 2015) - Pres...
Outcome of the SIDS Ministerial Meeting (EXPO Milano, 15 October 2015) - Pres...Outcome of the SIDS Ministerial Meeting (EXPO Milano, 15 October 2015) - Pres...
Outcome of the SIDS Ministerial Meeting (EXPO Milano, 15 October 2015) - Pres...
 
Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based Technology and Knowl...
Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based  Technology and Knowl...Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based  Technology and Knowl...
Promoting Responsible Aquaculture through Science‐based Technology and Knowl...
 
Fisheries, food security and our commitments on oceans and seas
Fisheries, food security and our commitments on oceans and seasFisheries, food security and our commitments on oceans and seas
Fisheries, food security and our commitments on oceans and seas
 
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA)
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA)The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA)
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA)
 
Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
Fisheries and Aquaculture DepartmentFisheries and Aquaculture Department
Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
 
The state of world fisheries and aquaculture
The state of world fisheries and aquacultureThe state of world fisheries and aquaculture
The state of world fisheries and aquaculture
 
Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospects and challenges
Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospects and challengesOutlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospects and challenges
Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospects and challenges
 
Ccrf(code of conduct for responsible fisheries_
Ccrf(code of conduct for responsible fisheries_Ccrf(code of conduct for responsible fisheries_
Ccrf(code of conduct for responsible fisheries_
 
Fishery Development in Africa – Countries (2009)
Fishery Development in Africa – Countries (2009)Fishery Development in Africa – Countries (2009)
Fishery Development in Africa – Countries (2009)
 
The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)
The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)
The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)
 
Ccrf
CcrfCcrf
Ccrf
 
World Supply, Demand and Trade of Fish and Fishery Products
World Supply, Demand and Trade of Fish and Fishery ProductsWorld Supply, Demand and Trade of Fish and Fishery Products
World Supply, Demand and Trade of Fish and Fishery Products
 
Fish
FishFish
Fish
 

Similar to The Artic Ocean - Fisheries

Blue bio economy unlocking the potential of seas and oceans
Blue bio economy unlocking the potential of seas and oceansBlue bio economy unlocking the potential of seas and oceans
Blue bio economy unlocking the potential of seas and oceansÁrni Matthias Mathiesen
 
Dr Stephen Bolt (Association of IFCA's) - "The new Association of IFCA’s"
Dr Stephen Bolt (Association of IFCA's) - "The new Association of IFCA’s"Dr Stephen Bolt (Association of IFCA's) - "The new Association of IFCA’s"
Dr Stephen Bolt (Association of IFCA's) - "The new Association of IFCA’s"Shellfish Association
 
Degradation of Philippine Marine Life (2013)
Degradation of Philippine Marine Life (2013)Degradation of Philippine Marine Life (2013)
Degradation of Philippine Marine Life (2013)Alliah Czarielle Guerra
 
Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries
Policy options for arctic environment governance   fisheries Policy options for arctic environment governance   fisheries
Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries Dr Lendy Spires
 
Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries
Policy options for arctic environment governance   fisheries Policy options for arctic environment governance   fisheries
Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries Dr Lendy Spires
 
Biodiversity - EIS (MEC600)
Biodiversity - EIS (MEC600) Biodiversity - EIS (MEC600)
Biodiversity - EIS (MEC600) Norfatiha Suhimi
 
Food security and international fisheries management
Food security and international fisheries management Food security and international fisheries management
Food security and international fisheries management RMIT University
 
Securing the livelihoods and nutritional needs of fish dependent communities
Securing the livelihoods and nutritional needs of fish dependent communitiesSecuring the livelihoods and nutritional needs of fish dependent communities
Securing the livelihoods and nutritional needs of fish dependent communitiesThe Rockefeller Foundation
 
Managing and Conserving Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Centr...
Managing and Conserving Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Centr...Managing and Conserving Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Centr...
Managing and Conserving Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Centr...Iwl Pcu
 
Welcome to the seminar & Introduction
Welcome to the seminar & IntroductionWelcome to the seminar & Introduction
Welcome to the seminar & IntroductionAIDA_Americas
 
Intact Oceans and Their Benefits, by Edward Lohnes, Conservation International
Intact Oceans and Their Benefits, by Edward Lohnes, Conservation InternationalIntact Oceans and Their Benefits, by Edward Lohnes, Conservation International
Intact Oceans and Their Benefits, by Edward Lohnes, Conservation InternationalWILD Foundation
 
Understanding Sustainability in the Fish and Seafood Industry and the Related...
Understanding Sustainability in the Fish and Seafood Industry and the Related...Understanding Sustainability in the Fish and Seafood Industry and the Related...
Understanding Sustainability in the Fish and Seafood Industry and the Related...SGS
 
Scientific Facts on Fisheries
Scientific Facts on FisheriesScientific Facts on Fisheries
Scientific Facts on FisheriesGreenFacts
 
Towards global sustainable fisheries
Towards global sustainable fisheriesTowards global sustainable fisheries
Towards global sustainable fisheriesMichael Newbold
 
Fish, Food Security and Nutrition: presented at 10th Indian Fisheries and Aqu...
Fish, Food Security and Nutrition: presented at 10th Indian Fisheries and Aqu...Fish, Food Security and Nutrition: presented at 10th Indian Fisheries and Aqu...
Fish, Food Security and Nutrition: presented at 10th Indian Fisheries and Aqu...AFS Gender in Aquaculture and Fisheries
 
Why bother about Ocean Sustainability
Why bother about Ocean SustainabilityWhy bother about Ocean Sustainability
Why bother about Ocean SustainabilityKim Dyan Calderon
 
Analysis of Threats and Conservation Efforts to Global Marine Biodiversity: A...
Analysis of Threats and Conservation Efforts to Global Marine Biodiversity: A...Analysis of Threats and Conservation Efforts to Global Marine Biodiversity: A...
Analysis of Threats and Conservation Efforts to Global Marine Biodiversity: A...APPLE KATE SABAR
 
Overfishing The World Big Fish Population
Overfishing The World Big Fish PopulationOverfishing The World Big Fish Population
Overfishing The World Big Fish PopulationSamantha Randall
 
Fishing Has Been Responsible For The Survival Of Many...
Fishing Has Been Responsible For The Survival Of Many...Fishing Has Been Responsible For The Survival Of Many...
Fishing Has Been Responsible For The Survival Of Many...Mia Gordon
 

Similar to The Artic Ocean - Fisheries (20)

Blue bio economy unlocking the potential of seas and oceans
Blue bio economy unlocking the potential of seas and oceansBlue bio economy unlocking the potential of seas and oceans
Blue bio economy unlocking the potential of seas and oceans
 
Dr Stephen Bolt (Association of IFCA's) - "The new Association of IFCA’s"
Dr Stephen Bolt (Association of IFCA's) - "The new Association of IFCA’s"Dr Stephen Bolt (Association of IFCA's) - "The new Association of IFCA’s"
Dr Stephen Bolt (Association of IFCA's) - "The new Association of IFCA’s"
 
Life Below Water.pptx
Life Below Water.pptxLife Below Water.pptx
Life Below Water.pptx
 
Degradation of Philippine Marine Life (2013)
Degradation of Philippine Marine Life (2013)Degradation of Philippine Marine Life (2013)
Degradation of Philippine Marine Life (2013)
 
Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries
Policy options for arctic environment governance   fisheries Policy options for arctic environment governance   fisheries
Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries
 
Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries
Policy options for arctic environment governance   fisheries Policy options for arctic environment governance   fisheries
Policy options for arctic environment governance fisheries
 
Biodiversity - EIS (MEC600)
Biodiversity - EIS (MEC600) Biodiversity - EIS (MEC600)
Biodiversity - EIS (MEC600)
 
Food security and international fisheries management
Food security and international fisheries management Food security and international fisheries management
Food security and international fisheries management
 
Securing the livelihoods and nutritional needs of fish dependent communities
Securing the livelihoods and nutritional needs of fish dependent communitiesSecuring the livelihoods and nutritional needs of fish dependent communities
Securing the livelihoods and nutritional needs of fish dependent communities
 
Managing and Conserving Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Centr...
Managing and Conserving Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Centr...Managing and Conserving Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Centr...
Managing and Conserving Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Centr...
 
Welcome to the seminar & Introduction
Welcome to the seminar & IntroductionWelcome to the seminar & Introduction
Welcome to the seminar & Introduction
 
Intact Oceans and Their Benefits, by Edward Lohnes, Conservation International
Intact Oceans and Their Benefits, by Edward Lohnes, Conservation InternationalIntact Oceans and Their Benefits, by Edward Lohnes, Conservation International
Intact Oceans and Their Benefits, by Edward Lohnes, Conservation International
 
Understanding Sustainability in the Fish and Seafood Industry and the Related...
Understanding Sustainability in the Fish and Seafood Industry and the Related...Understanding Sustainability in the Fish and Seafood Industry and the Related...
Understanding Sustainability in the Fish and Seafood Industry and the Related...
 
Scientific Facts on Fisheries
Scientific Facts on FisheriesScientific Facts on Fisheries
Scientific Facts on Fisheries
 
Towards global sustainable fisheries
Towards global sustainable fisheriesTowards global sustainable fisheries
Towards global sustainable fisheries
 
Fish, Food Security and Nutrition: presented at 10th Indian Fisheries and Aqu...
Fish, Food Security and Nutrition: presented at 10th Indian Fisheries and Aqu...Fish, Food Security and Nutrition: presented at 10th Indian Fisheries and Aqu...
Fish, Food Security and Nutrition: presented at 10th Indian Fisheries and Aqu...
 
Why bother about Ocean Sustainability
Why bother about Ocean SustainabilityWhy bother about Ocean Sustainability
Why bother about Ocean Sustainability
 
Analysis of Threats and Conservation Efforts to Global Marine Biodiversity: A...
Analysis of Threats and Conservation Efforts to Global Marine Biodiversity: A...Analysis of Threats and Conservation Efforts to Global Marine Biodiversity: A...
Analysis of Threats and Conservation Efforts to Global Marine Biodiversity: A...
 
Overfishing The World Big Fish Population
Overfishing The World Big Fish PopulationOverfishing The World Big Fish Population
Overfishing The World Big Fish Population
 
Fishing Has Been Responsible For The Survival Of Many...
Fishing Has Been Responsible For The Survival Of Many...Fishing Has Been Responsible For The Survival Of Many...
Fishing Has Been Responsible For The Survival Of Many...
 

More from FAO

Nigeria
NigeriaNigeria
NigeriaFAO
 
Niger
NigerNiger
NigerFAO
 
Namibia
NamibiaNamibia
NamibiaFAO
 
Mozambique
MozambiqueMozambique
MozambiqueFAO
 
Zimbabwe takesure
Zimbabwe takesureZimbabwe takesure
Zimbabwe takesureFAO
 
Zimbabwe
ZimbabweZimbabwe
ZimbabweFAO
 
Zambia
ZambiaZambia
ZambiaFAO
 
Togo
TogoTogo
TogoFAO
 
Tanzania
TanzaniaTanzania
TanzaniaFAO
 
Spal presentation
Spal presentationSpal presentation
Spal presentationFAO
 
Rwanda
RwandaRwanda
RwandaFAO
 
Nigeria uponi
Nigeria uponiNigeria uponi
Nigeria uponiFAO
 
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 2)
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 2)The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 2)
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 2)FAO
 
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 1)
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 1)The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 1)
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 1)FAO
 
Agenda of the launch of the soil policy brief at the Land&Water Days
Agenda of the launch of the soil policy brief at the Land&Water DaysAgenda of the launch of the soil policy brief at the Land&Water Days
Agenda of the launch of the soil policy brief at the Land&Water DaysFAO
 
Agenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meeting
Agenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meetingAgenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meeting
Agenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meetingFAO
 
The Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management
The Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil ManagementThe Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management
The Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil ManagementFAO
 
GLOSOLAN - Mission, status and way forward
GLOSOLAN - Mission, status and way forwardGLOSOLAN - Mission, status and way forward
GLOSOLAN - Mission, status and way forwardFAO
 
Towards a Global Soil Information System (GLOSIS)
Towards a Global Soil Information System (GLOSIS)Towards a Global Soil Information System (GLOSIS)
Towards a Global Soil Information System (GLOSIS)FAO
 
GSP developments of regional interest in 2019
GSP developments of regional interest in 2019GSP developments of regional interest in 2019
GSP developments of regional interest in 2019FAO
 

More from FAO (20)

Nigeria
NigeriaNigeria
Nigeria
 
Niger
NigerNiger
Niger
 
Namibia
NamibiaNamibia
Namibia
 
Mozambique
MozambiqueMozambique
Mozambique
 
Zimbabwe takesure
Zimbabwe takesureZimbabwe takesure
Zimbabwe takesure
 
Zimbabwe
ZimbabweZimbabwe
Zimbabwe
 
Zambia
ZambiaZambia
Zambia
 
Togo
TogoTogo
Togo
 
Tanzania
TanzaniaTanzania
Tanzania
 
Spal presentation
Spal presentationSpal presentation
Spal presentation
 
Rwanda
RwandaRwanda
Rwanda
 
Nigeria uponi
Nigeria uponiNigeria uponi
Nigeria uponi
 
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 2)
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 2)The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 2)
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 2)
 
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 1)
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 1)The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 1)
The multi-faced role of soil in the NENA regions (part 1)
 
Agenda of the launch of the soil policy brief at the Land&Water Days
Agenda of the launch of the soil policy brief at the Land&Water DaysAgenda of the launch of the soil policy brief at the Land&Water Days
Agenda of the launch of the soil policy brief at the Land&Water Days
 
Agenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meeting
Agenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meetingAgenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meeting
Agenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meeting
 
The Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management
The Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil ManagementThe Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management
The Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management
 
GLOSOLAN - Mission, status and way forward
GLOSOLAN - Mission, status and way forwardGLOSOLAN - Mission, status and way forward
GLOSOLAN - Mission, status and way forward
 
Towards a Global Soil Information System (GLOSIS)
Towards a Global Soil Information System (GLOSIS)Towards a Global Soil Information System (GLOSIS)
Towards a Global Soil Information System (GLOSIS)
 
GSP developments of regional interest in 2019
GSP developments of regional interest in 2019GSP developments of regional interest in 2019
GSP developments of regional interest in 2019
 

Recently uploaded

25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2023 – BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA...
25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2023 – BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA...25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2023 – BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA...
25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2023 – BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptxMetabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptxmary850239
 
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17Celine George
 
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchResearch Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchRushdi Shams
 
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfVIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfArthyR3
 
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptxmary850239
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc
30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc
30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.docdieu18
 
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfVanessa Camilleri
 
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptxMetabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.pptMaterial Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.pptBanaras Hindu University
 
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...AKSHAYMAGAR17
 
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollLEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...Subham Panja
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudLEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdfPHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdfSumit Tiwari
 

Recently uploaded (20)

25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2023 – BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA...
25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2023 – BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA...25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2023 – BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA...
25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2023 – BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN TỪ ĐỀ MINH HỌA...
 
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptxMetabolism of  lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
Metabolism of lipoproteins & its disorders(Chylomicron & VLDL & LDL).pptx
 
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
3.14.24 Gender Discrimination and Gender Inequity.pptx
 
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
 
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - HK2 (...
 
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchResearch Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
 
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research MethodologyANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
 
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdfVIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
VIT336 – Recommender System - Unit 3.pdf
 
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx
3.12.24 The Social Construction of Gender.pptx
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (GLOB...
 
30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc
30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc
30-de-thi-vao-lop-10-mon-tieng-anh-co-dap-an.doc
 
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdfICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture4 Intelligent Interface Agents.pdf
 
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptxMetabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
Metabolism , Metabolic Fate& disorders of cholesterol.pptx
 
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.pptMaterial Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
Material Remains as Source of Ancient Indian History & Culture.ppt
 
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
 
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollLEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
 
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...
THYROID HORMONE.pptx by Subham Panja,Asst. Professor, Department of B.Sc MLT,...
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
 
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudLEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
 
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdfPHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
 

The Artic Ocean - Fisheries

  • 1. Second Assembly of the Arctic Circle, 31 October – 2 November 2014 Reykjavik, Iceland THE ARCTIC OCEAN – FISHERIES Presentation by Árni M. Mathiesen Assistant Director-General Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • 2. Hunger • 805 million people estimated to be suffering from chronic hunger in 2012–14, down 100 million in the last decade. • The vast majority, 791 million, live in developing countries. 1014.5 929.9 946.2 World Developing regions 840.5 805.3 994.1 908.7 930.8 824.9 790.7 1,100 1,050 1,000 950 900 850 800 750 700 1990-92 2000-02 2005-07 2009-11 2012-14 Number of undernourished (millions) and prevalence (%) of undernourishment 1990–92 2000–02 2005–07 2008–10 2012–14* No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % WORLD 1 014.5 18.7 929.9 14.9 946.2 14.3 840.5 12.1 805.3 11.3
  • 3. Millions of children suffering nutrition deficiency Vitamin A deficiency Causing blindness 250 million preschool children affected Iron deficiency Anaemia contributes to 20% of all maternal deaths. 40% of preschool children anaemic in developing countries. Iodine deficiency Impairing cognitive development in children 54 countries still iodine-deficient Source: WHO 805 million hungry people Source: WHO Trend Billions of obesity or overweight people  Worldwide obesity has nearly doubled since 1980. Adults (aged 20 or older)  More than 1.4 billion (35% of total) overweight in 2008  Over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women (11 % of total) obese in 2008. Children (under the age of 5)  More than 40 million children overweight or obese in 2012. Source: WHO Food security and nutrition status Hunger hand-in-hand with poverty
  • 4. Contribution of fish to human nutrition Fish provides high quality animal protein Fish especially important to countries with low animal protein intake 19.4 22.9 6.5 10.3 11.6 7.6 24.1 16.7 World LIFDCs Latin America &… 0 10 20 30 Northern America Oceania Europe Africa Asia % Fish as a percentage of total animal protein intake Protein Vitamin A DHA EPA Vitamin B12 Zinc Iron Vitamin D Calcium Selenium Iodine Fish, a source of nutrients Daily need (RDI) for children: DHA+EPA (Ω-3); seafood main source 150 (250) μg Vitamin A; 250 million preschool children deficient 150 (250) mg Iron; 1.6 billion people deficient 8.9 mg (at 10% bioavailability) Iodine; seafood natural source, 2 billion people deficient 120 μg Zinc; 800 000 child deaths per year 5.6 mg (at moderate bioavailability)
  • 5. Socioeconomic contribution of aquaculture and fisheries
  • 6. FAO’s strategic goals ERADICATE HUNGER, FOOD insecurity and MALNUTRITION ELIMINATE RURAL POVERTY THROUGH SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF NATURAL SOURCES
  • 7. The Blue Growth Initiative To promote the sustainable use and conservation of the Aim aquatic renewable resources Four Main Components • Fisheries • Aquaculture • Livelihoods and food systems • Eco-system Services Global •Implementation of International Instruments and EAF •Combat IUU fishing •Reduction of Over-capacity, restoring fish stocks, habitats and aquatic biodiversity •GAAP •International advocacy and coop Regional •Regional Initiative on Blue Growth (FAO RAP) • Regional Fisheries Bodies • Other FAO Regional Initiatives Country level •Development and implementation of national policies and strategies for blue growth •BGI-RAP, regional •BGI-RNE, regional, sub-regional •BGI- RAF, national, sub-regional
  • 8. Climate Change Implications for Fisheries and Aquaculture Key findings from IPCC AR 5 Holmyard, 2014
  • 10. Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Fisheries in the Arctic Major fisheries (cod, haddock, saithe, redfish, Greenland halibut, and capelin stocks in Barents Sea and Norwegian Sea) may change its abundance and distribution (e.g. Arctic cod larval survival may increase ). Some sub-Arctic species are expanding northwards into the Arctic (known northward-movement: snow crab in the Bering and Chukchi seas, several crab and mollusk species in the Chukchi Sea, blue mussel in Svalbard, sand eel in the North Sea, etc). Some Arctic-adapted species are losing habitat along the southern edges of their ranges (Pacific walrus in Bering Sea). Warming ocean temperatures, migrating fish stocks and shifting sea ice conditions from a changing climate may potentially favor the development of new commercial fisheries.
  • 11. Fisheries governance and management The global policy and legislative framework for the conservation and management of living marine resources is laid down principally in UNCLOS, the UN Fish Stocks Agreement, and the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and related instruments. UNGA, FAO-COFI. States have sovereign responsibility with in EEZs. RFMOs play a key role in fostering cooperation among States to ensure the long-term sustainability of fisheries, through the adoption and implementation of regionally-agreed management and conservation measures, based on the best scientific evidence. Two long-established RFMOs in the northern hemisphere are NEAFC and NAFO, which enjoy a strong cooperative relationship, including in the joint management of the pelagic redfish – Sebastes mentella. NEAFC also has a special agreement with ICES, an intergovernmental scientific organization, which provides scientific information and advice, on the basis of which NEAFC adopts fisheries management measures.
  • 13. NEAFC’s Convention Area extends into the Arctic Ocean and includes significantly sizeable Regulatory Areas (orange) within the Arctic Circle.
  • 14. When new areas in the Arctic become “harvestable”, fishing activities will fall under the general regulatory regime established by NEAFC’s Scheme of Control and Enforcement (SCE), applicable to Contracting Parties, non-Contracting Parties (NCP) and Cooperative NCP vessels. The SCE includes MCS requirements and procedures for vessels targeting Regulated Resources and non- Regulated resources (including Port State Control and IUU listing). If harvesting in a new area will involve bottom fishing activities, it will be considered a “new bottom fishing area” as defined by NEAFC’s Recommendation 19:2014. In practice, “new bottom fishing areas” are “closed areas” with very strict conditions for access: initially for “exploratory bottom fisheries” and later (if so decided) to become “existing bottom fishing areas” As the distribution of certain fish stocks gradually moves further north due to climate change, the fisheries governance and management in the Arctic Ocean is becoming increasingly important and sensitive; a significant portion of international waters in the Arctic Ocean is not currently covered by a specific fisheries regulatory framework.
  • 15. Considerations for sustainable fisheries development in the Arctic A holistic cross-sectoral approach: -safeguarding the environment -ensuring sustainable fisheries management/development to be adopted in face of uncertain changes due to climate change and acceleration of economic development in the Arctic region. -research. Adaptive actions at the local, regional or global level to provide Arctic communities with a broad suite of tools to help them respond to the change. The need for an agreement(s) on responsible fisheries development in the Arctic, in particular, preventing unregulated fishing in the unregulated part of the Central Arctic Ocean.

Editor's Notes

  1. The latest FAO estimates indicate that global hunger reduction continues: about 805 million people are estimated to be chronically undernourished in 2012–14, down more than 100 million over the last decade, and 209 million lower than in 1990–92. In the same period, the prevalence of undernourishment has fallen from 18.7 to 11.3 percent globally and from 23.4 to 13.5 percent for the developing countries.
  2. The aim of the Blue Growth Initiative BGI is to promote the sustainable use and conservation of aquatic renewable resources, in an economically, socially and environmentally responsible manner. It is a cross-cutting initiative which would provide global, regional and national impact to increase food security, improve nutrition, reduce poverty of coastal and riparian communities and support sustainable management of aquatic resources. Within the SPF and for the implementation of PWB 14-15, the Blue Growth Initiative is now a Major Area of Work anchored in SO2 where it clusters relevant P/S and underpinning activities, but reaches out to related P/S in other SOs and activities in the other technical units, which impact on the health and performance of the aquatic eco-systems and dependent communities. At the regional level, it aligns its support with the RAP regional initiative on aquaculture and contributes to other regional initiatives such as water scarcity in RNE and Rice Initiative in RAP. At the national level, several countries have adopted national strategies for blue growth and are seeking FAO technical support in implementing these strategies. Work has been recently initiated in Indonesia, and about to be initiated for Gabon, Algeria and Senegal. Finally, at the global level, the BGI aligns with major organizations (such as UNEP, OECD, World Bank and the EU) and their initiatives launched to promote the concept. These organizations have welcomed a collaboration with FAO on the Blue Growth/Blue Economy. As Global Initiative, it is conducive to resource mobilization (e.g. GEF 6) and advocacy in major events discussing major issues related to Oceans. It encompasses 4 components: 1- Capture Fisheries: The aim is to provide policy, technical and capacity-building support to Governments, regional fisheries bodies (RFBs) and industry to ensure that adequate institutional, scientific and legal framework is in place for introducing, supporting and enforcing fisheries management and good practices to combat IUU, reduce overcapacity, restore stocks and minimize the impact of fishing on the environment. 2- Global Aquaculture Advancement Partnership (GAAP): The aim here is to support an increase in global aquaculture production to meet increased demand for fish as the world population grows. GAAP will contribute to this aim by providing technical and capacity building support to Governments and farmers to develop national strategies for aquaculture development, disseminate and adopt better management and governance policies and best practices that increase productivity and reduce environmental and disease risk to stimulate investment. 3- Livelihoods and food systems: Under this component, FAO would assist members and industry organizations to develop policies for value addition and trade promotion integrating economic performance, food security, sustainability and social protection. With the transition to more sustainable fisheries management, it will promote public/private partnerships that support investment in infrastructure, technology and practices to increase fisheries value addition and quality. Livelihoods? 4- Ecosystem Services: Under this component, FAO will contribute expertise to conduct and disseminate national and regional studies on carbon binding possibilities in sea grass beds, mangroves as defense for coastal erosion and storm and wave damage, fish-crop (rice etc.) systems, seaweed cultivation as well as other possibilities. The information will be used to assist communities to create income and livelihoods in coastal communities, reduce poverty, strengthen and improve social conditions.
  3. Notes: Climate will impact fish migration, breeding, spawning and feeding patterns. Fish redistribution: fish populations are shifting away from tropical latitudes, and there will be high local extinction rates in the tropics and semi-enclosed seas Fish seize: large fish will have a smaller maximum body size due to reduced oxygen capacity of seawater More “Dead zones”: areas depleted of oxygen will become more common due to stratification from warming water Effects on all marine animals – from microscopic phytoplankton to large predatory fish like marlins – could seriously disrupt food webs. Rapidly eroding reef habitats threaten collapse for some coastal fisheries and fish nurseries. More than half the world’s coral reefs are at medium- or high-risk. Harmful algal blooms could cause mass die-offs of wild and farmed fish Potential negative implications for aquaculture: Inability to catch sufficient feed-fish Lower catches impacting fishmeal and fish oil produc0on Acidic water affecting shellfish growth Increasing flood risks to fish and shrimp ponds Coastal species at increased risk of extinction Algal blooms causing possible mass die-offs in farmed fish Positive effects of climate change for aquaculture and fishing include: Faster growth rates; Faster food conversion efficiency; Longer growing seasons; Range expansion; New fishing areas available from decreases in ice cover Economics and governance issues for fisheries Shifting fish stocks in international waters may present issues for governments attempting to reach fishing agreements. Global fisheries’ losses are estimated at $17-41 billion by 2050 Fish yield is project to increased by 30-70% in high latitudes but to fall by 40-60% in the tropics and Antarctica