Dyneema, the world's strongest fiber

Dyneema®, the world’sstrongest fiber™ Visit Eurocord 7-1-2010

Dyneema®, the world s strongest fiber™ The strongest fiber in the world ü  15 times stronger than steel ü  Lighter than water ü  Extremely durable So it can: ü  Stop bullets ü  Pull oil tankers ü  Help to sail around the world in 50 days 3

Applications with Dyneema® 4

Applications with Dyneema® 5

The basicsDyneema is a fiber made from Ultra HighMolecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)Normal Polyethylene, low orientation, lowmolecular weight, crystalinity < 60%Dyneema®, very high molecular orientationand weigth, crystalinity approximately 95% 7

Dyneema® Gel Spinning process suspension UHMW-PE continuous extrusion metering pump spinneret oven 8

Some yarn basicsHow is Dyneema yarn build up?•  Yarn consists our of multiple filaments.•  The amount and diameter of the filaments determine the diameter of the yarn.•  The diameter of filaments of Dyneema® grades is between 9 and 30 µm.What does dtex mean?•  Dtex is a measure for fiber weight (thickness) and is defined as dtex = gram / 10.000m•  The dtex of Dyneema® fibers range between –  55 dtex (=25x monofilaments of 2,2 dtex each) –  2640 dtex (=780x monofilaments of 2.2dtex each)What is a yarn construction?•  Multiple yarns can be combined into a construction - linear (like a rope) or 3D (like a shape).•  Variables: grade, dtex, textile process (braiding, weaving, knitting, …), stitch density, …•  Various pre- and post treatment options have been developed by DSM Dyneema•  Every specific construction has specific mechanical characteristics => opportunity to tailor!•  EuroFibers helps to translate your mechanical needs into specific constructions. 9

Microscopic view of a braid made of 16 yarns,each yarn consisting of about 100 filaments 10

Typical properties of Dyneema® High pliability Hydrophobic Soft as silk Extremely Low melting strong point (~150°C) High fatigue Cut and tear resistance resistance High chemicalCreeps under resistanceconstant load High abrasion Low coefficient resistance of friction Low density Electrical insulator Low elongation 11

Conventional Fibers Vs. Performance Fibers PES •  Dacron® HMPE LCP •  Dyneema® •  Diolen® •  Vectran® •  Spectra® •  Trevira® •  No brand name PA Aramid •  Nylon® •  Kevlar® PBO •  Enkalon® •  Twaron® •  Zylon® •  Perlon® •  Technora® •  No brand name •  Nomex® Conventional High performance fibers fibers 12

There is a big difference in tenacity of fibers… Free breaking length Dyneema® 349 Km Zylon® 346 Km Vectran® 247 Km Technora® 227 Km Twaron® 200 Km * Tested according to ISO 2062 Diolen® 77 Km ** Literature value Steel* 25 Km 13

…as well as in the elongation of materials Diolen® Technora® Zylon® Steel** Twaron® Vectran® Dyneema® 2,8% 3,0% 3,1% 3,3% 4,0% 3,5% 5X Elongation at break * Synthetic fibers tested according to ISO 2062 ** Literature value 12%* Literature value 14

Dyneema® is the only floating fiber Floats 1 2 Sinks 3 SteelSpecific gravity* 4 Diolen (PES) ® g/cm3 Twaron (Aramid) ® 5 Technora® (Aramid) Vectran (LCP) ® 6 Zylon (PBO) ® Dyneema (HMPE) ® 7 8 * Literaturevalues 15

Aging of pure fibers differs quite a bit % original strength retained after aging 336 hrs* Dyneema® (HMPE) Diolen (PES) ® Twaron® (Aramid) Technora (Aramid) ® Zylon (PBO) ® Vectran® (LCP) *Aged according to ASTM G–155 *Tested according to ISO 2062 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 16

Cut resistanceDyneema® filament stretched over the edge of a razorblade (SEM) Polyethylene cables flatten when placed under tension. This property makes the fiber highly cut resistant. 17

Abrasion resistance 80000 Test on emery paper @ 25 C* ° 70000 60000nr. of cycles to break 50000 40000 Diolen (PES) ® Twaron (Aramid) ® 30000 Technora® (Aramid) Vectran (LCP) ® 20000 Zylon (PBO) ® Dyneema (HMPE) ® 10000 *Tested at Staatliches Pruefamt fuer das Textilgewerbe Mü nchberg 0 18

Bending of an LCP filament 19

Bending of an aramid filament 20

Bending of a PBO filament 21

Bending of a Dyneema® filament 22

Comparison of fiber properties Diolen® Twaron ® Technora ® Vectran ® Zylon® Dyneema®Properties (PES) (Aramid) (Aramid) (LCP) (PBO) (HMPE)Tenacity 7,6 19,6 22,3 24,2 33,9 34,2(cN/dTex)Elongation 12,3 3,1 4,0 3,3 2,8 3,4(%)Specific gravity 3(Kg/dm ) 1,38 1,39 1,39 1,41 1,56 0,97Aging Good Poor Poor Very poor Very poor Very goodAbrasion Very good Very poor Very poor Poor Poor Very good 23

Overview of titers and grades 24

ContactEuroFibers BVP.O.Box 5996200 AN MaastrichtThe Netherlandsinfo@eurofibers.comwww.eurofibers.com+31 43 30 40 014 25

Dyneema, the world's strongest fiber

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