Prostate Cancer and Plant Based Nutrition

A presentation at NAVS Summerfest 6/29/12 Stephan Esser MD www.esserhealth.com

Prostate CA and Plant-Based Nutrition Stephan Esser MD www.esserhealth.com

Goals• Review definitions and tenets• Overview of the Statistics• Visit the classroom: anatomy, physiology• Brief review of Prostate cancer• Engage Plant-based Nutrition• Set Goals

NOT Goals• Personal recommendations for screening or treatment• Updates on surgical techniques• Intro to alternative treatments

By the end you will……• Know more about cancer development• Know what the prostate is and what it does• Know signs and symptoms of cancer• Be familiar with the evidence for plant-based nutrition as it relates to PrCa• Be equipped to make educated decisions regarding your health

Definition– Etymology: Middle English, from Latin, literally, crab; akin to Greek karkinos crab– a northern zodiacal constellation between Gemini and Leo b (1) : the fourth sign of the zodiac in astrology– A malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally by invasion and systematically by metastasis– Something evil or malignant that spreads destructively

“Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues.”

Levels of the Organism• Atomic: Oxygen• Molecular: DNA• Organelle: Nucleus of the cell• Cellular: Cell• Tissue: Cells function together• Organ: multiple Tissues work together• Organ System: respiratory, circulatory etc.• Organism: Human Being

Cell Cycle G1: Growth and function S: DNA Replication G2: Preparation M: Mitosis

Cancer Growth

Cell Cycle G1: Growth and function S: DNA Replication G2: Preparation M: Mitosis

Cancer Operatives• 1: Failure to slow/block abnormal growth• 2: Acceleration of growth (ie: to an abnormal level)

Cancer Subtypes• Carcinoma: skin or tissues that line/cover internal organs• Sarcoma: begin in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle blood vessels or other connective tissues• Leukemia: blood forming tissue. Eg: bone marrow• Lymphoma/Myeloma: cells of the immune system• Central Nervous System: in the brain and spinal cord

Valuable Terminology• Staging: evaluates the extent of a persons cancer• Grading: how abnormal a tumor looks under a microscope

What we know!• Cancer is an abnormal state of the cell• It is often caused by dysfunction in the cell cycle• Overgrowth/inappropriate growth at the cellular level = dysfunction at the tissue/organ = dysfunction at the organism level

Basic Epidemiology

Mortality Statistics 2006-2007

Cancer deaths per year

Cancer RiskTotal 1:6

In Review• Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death• Prostate Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in men• Cancer risk is quite significant

Mini- Med School

Anatomyhttp://healthinessbox.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/prostrate-health.jpghttp://www.cancer.gov/PublishedContent/Images/cancertopics/treatment/prostate/understanding-prostate-cancer-treatment/prostate-booklet-5.jpghttp://www.jeffersonhospital.org/images/staywell/142104.jpghttp://lafeverchestnuts.webstarts.com/uploads/chestnut.jpg

Anatomy Cont’d http://healthinessbox.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/prostrate-health.jpg http://www.cancer.gov/PublishedContent/Images/cancertopics/treatment/prostate/understanding-prostate-cancer-treatment/prostate-booklet-5.jpg http://www.jeffersonhospital.org/images/staywell/142104.jpg http://lafeverchestnuts.webstarts.com/uploads/chestnut.jpg

Dysfunction• Prostatitis• Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy• Prostate Cancer

Development• 11th-12th week of gestation• Exponential growth during puberty – 2ndary to androgens (testosterone and derivatives)• Quiescent till 4th decade, then grows

Physiology• Function: – Exocrine gland which produces a milky white slightly alkaline fluid – Expelled into the urethra – This comprises about 20-30% of ejaculate volume – K, Zinc, Citric Acid, Fructose, free amino acids etc – Also release Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) • Thins cervical mucus and allows sperm to swim more freely

Prostate Cancer Symptoms• Early: none• Late: So does BPH – Weak stream – Increased frequency/hesitancy/urgency – Blood in urine or semen – Leg Swelling

To screen or not to screen• Early: none• Basic: Digital Rectal Exam• Laboratory: 1980’s PSA, by 2001 75% of men over 50 y/o were being screened• USPTF: – A shift……

Is screening always good? Autopsy series suggest that 30%• 1986 men older than 50 years of of – 2005 – 1 million men received surgery, radiation therapy or both who age and 70% of those older than test would not have been treated without a P.S.A. 70 years of age have occult – Of these 5,000 died soon after surgery and 10,000 to 70,000 suffered prostate cancer Most men more likely to serious complications. – 1/2 had persistent blood in their semen die of other causes despite – 200,000 to 300,000 suffered impotence, incontinence or both. their diagnosis of PrCA – Dr. Richard J. Ablin, founder of the PSA test has called its widespread use a “public health disaster.”

What Causes Prostate Cancer?

What causes any Cancer?• Loss of normal cell division

Risk Factors Non-Modifiable Modifiable• Age >50/40 •  # of Sexual partners• Family History • Hx of STD’s• Personal History • Vasectomy• Race • Nutrition AA>Hisp>White>Asian – Sat. Fat/Meat/Dairy – Calcium • Exercise: 10-30%

What we know• Men who consume the highest amounts of – Vegetables, fruits, beans, lentils etc  risk • 7th day Adventists/Less-Industrialized nations – Meat, dairy, fiber-poor foods  risk • SAD• Migration studies demonstrate ’d risk – Asian men develop same risk for PrCA as white men after 2-3 generations of migration to the US

Cancer Growth

Mechanisms for Development• High blood androgen concentrations• Increased blood levels of IGF-1 derived from dairy• Increased exposure to carcinogens released in the heating of meats• Low levels of ant-oxidant substances and fiber

Benefits of Plant-Based Foods• ’d blood androgen concentrations• ’d blood levels of IGF-1• ’d exposure to carcinogens released in the heating of meats• ’d levels of ant-oxidant substances• ’d fiber consumption

A few Studies

Prostate CA and Diet• Dean Ornish et al Journal of Urology 2005 – Men with low-mod level of biopsy proven PCA – 1 year on Ornish program or regular – PSA  4% and  6% in controls – Serum inhibited Prostate CA cell growth by 70% in diet group and only by 9% in controls

Diet Changes Gene Expression• Ornish et al PNAS 2008 – 31 men with biopsy proven PrCA – 3 months of Ornish program – Repeat biopsy – 48 up-regulated and 453 down-regulated genes – These genes shown to relate to cancer growth and development

Now What

By the end you will……• Know more about cancer development• Know what the prostate is and what it does• Know signs and symptoms of cancer• Be familiar with the evidence for plant-based nutrition as it relates to PrCa• Be equipped to make educated decisions regarding your health

What we know• Prostate CA is a problem• Plant-Based nutrition has minimal risk• Plant-Based nutrition appears to reduce risk of development and slow progression if present Eat More Plants!

Thank You!

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Prostate Cancer and Plant Based Nutrition

by EsserHealth on Jul 07, 2012

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Prostate Cancer and Plant Based Nutrition Presentation Transcript