1) Smartphone and mobile internet usage is growing rapidly in India, with overall smartphone penetration reaching 45% in 2015, up from 38% in 2013. Instant messaging, social networking, and bill payments are some of the most popular smartphone services. 2) Mobile broadband consumer groups in India are hugely varied, ranging from prudent business users to tech enthusiasts to image-conscious socialites. Around 1/3 of urban Indians now use smartphones. 3) Adoption barriers include high device and data costs, lack of digital literacy, and indoor and outdoor connectivity issues that are more commonly experienced in small to mid-sized cities. Over half of users do not see mobile internet as useful.