SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 17
Download to read offline
Wave Propagation, Huygens’
Principle, and Interference
Physics 101 LO
By Elaine Lee
Huygens’s
Principle
Any point on a wave front can be
considered to be point source
producing spherical secondary
wavelets. The tangential surface of
the secondary wavelets predict
the new position of the wave front
over time.
Christiaan Huygens. Digital image. Molecular Expressions. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
This principle can be applied to all waves.
Plane Waves:
-have wave fronts that are
parallel to each other
Spherical Waves:
- have spherical wave fronts that
are centered on the point source
To Apply Huygens’ Principle:
1. Draw a set of equally spaced points on the wave front.
2. Using each point as the center of a secondary wavelet, draw a set of spherical
wavelets with the same radius.
3. Predict the resulting wave front by drawing tangents to the spherical waves.
Huygens' Principle. Digital image. Oocities. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015. Huygens' Principle. Digital image. Cliffsnotes. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
INTERFERENCE
-separated by intervals of
space and time
INTERFERENCE- separated by intervals of space
COMPARING THE PHASE DIFFERENCE OF ONE DIMENSIONAL WAVES TO 3D WAVES
 Consider waves with the same frequency and wavelength
One Dimensional Waves:
(waves propagate in one direction)
-have fixed phase differences
that are independent of time and position
(depends on the difference between phase
constants of the two waves)
Three Dimensional Waves:
(waves propagate in different directions)
-have relative phases that vary with position
E.g. phase constant difference of pi/3 rad
positions where the waves are perfectly out of
phase
positions where the waves are perfectly in
phase
Crests of
waves
Crests of
waves
Hawkes, Iqbal, Mansour, Milner-Boloton, and Williams. Wave Interference Diagrams. Digital image. N.P., n.d. Web. 12 Mar 2015.
Interference is a phenomenon in which two
waves superimpose to form a resultant
wave of greater or lower amplitude
Two Point Source Interference Pattern
Crests
Troughs
Constructive Interference
Destructive Interference
Line of Constructive Interference
Two Point Source Interference Pattern. Digital image. Physicsclassroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE:
The path difference (∆d) between the two
sources must be a half-integer multiple of
the wavelength (i.e. an odd number of half
wavelengths)
NOTE: Path difference is the difference in
distance travelled by the two waves from
their respective sources to a given point
NOTE: destructive interference can be
observed when 2 waves out of phase by pi
General Condition For:
E.g. ∆d = 4λ – 3.5λ = 0.5λ
Two Point Source Interference. Digital image. Physicsclassroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
General Condition For:
CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE:
The path difference between the two
sources must be an integer multiple of the
wavelength
NOTE: the paths individually do not have to
be integer multiples of the wavelength
NOTE: constructive interference can be
observed when 2 waves are in phase
The function of a spherical wave is given by
We can neglect the phase constant if both
waves are in phase

NOTE: if d1 = d2 = d, simply add the two
waves to find the resultant wave
E.g. ∆d = 7λ – 6λ = 1λ
E.g. ∆d = 7.5λ – 6.5λ = 1λ
Two Point Source Interference. Digital image. Physicsclassroom. N.p., n.d.
Web. 12 Mar. 2015
QUESTION 1:
What is the path difference between the two
sources to point A? Is there constructive
interference or destructive interference at Point
A?
Two Point Source Interference Pattern. Digital image. Physicsclassroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
QUESTION 1 ANSWER:
The red lines indicate the paths travelled by the two waves from their respective sources to
a Point A. The distance between each red dot is one wavelength (crest to crest).
∆d = d2 – d1 = 6λ – 5λ = 1λ
The path difference between the two sources to Point A is an integer multiple of the
wavelength, thus Point A is a point of constructive interference.
QUESTION 2:
At which points would constructive interference
occur? How many of the labeled points represent
nodes?
Two Point Source Interference Pattern. Digital image. Physicsclassroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
QUESTION 2 ANSWER:
Constructive interference would occur at
Point A and Point B because both points are
at locations where a crest meets a crest.
Four out of the six points represent nodes.
Points C, D, E and F are points where crests
and troughs meet.
Interference- separated by intervals of time
Beats are periodic fluctuations heard in the
intensity of a sound when two sound waves of
very similar frequencies interfere with one
another
 The rate at which amplitude increases and
decreases as a function of time is proportional to
the frequency difference
Beat Frequency:
the rate at which the volume is heard to be
oscillating from high to low volume
E.g. If three complete cycles of high and low
volumes are heard every second, the beat
frequency is 3 Hz.
 The beat frequency is equal to the difference in
frequency of the two tones that interfere to
produce beats.
QUESTION 3:
A guitarist plays a 110 Hz tone while his
friend simultaneously plays a tone with a
frequency of 115 Hz. How many beats will
be heard over a period of 15 seconds?
QUESTION 3 ANSWER:
The beat frequency is equal to the difference
in frequency of the two tones that interfere to
produce beats.
The beat frequency will be 5 Hz.
( 115 Hz – 110 Hz = 5 Hz )
Thus, in 15 seconds, there should be 75 beats.
( 5 Hz x 15s = 75 beats)

More Related Content

What's hot

Diffraction
DiffractionDiffraction
Diffractionnlahoud
 
Wave nature of_light
Wave nature of_lightWave nature of_light
Wave nature of_lightVASUDEV03
 
Wave Propagation and Huygens’ Principle
Wave Propagation and Huygens’ PrincipleWave Propagation and Huygens’ Principle
Wave Propagation and Huygens’ Principleaileto
 
Diffraction
DiffractionDiffraction
DiffractionMidoOoz
 
LO9 - Thin Film Interference
LO9 - Thin Film InterferenceLO9 - Thin Film Interference
LO9 - Thin Film InterferenceRebecca Slater
 
XII - Physics - Wave theory of light
XII - Physics - Wave theory of lightXII - Physics - Wave theory of light
XII - Physics - Wave theory of lightEdnexa
 
Interference and diffraction
Interference and diffractionInterference and diffraction
Interference and diffractionKumar
 
9.2 single diffraction
9.2 single diffraction9.2 single diffraction
9.2 single diffractionPaula Mills
 
Diffraction of light
Diffraction of lightDiffraction of light
Diffraction of lightrjnewman97
 
Interference of Light, Diffraction of Light
Interference of Light, Diffraction of LightInterference of Light, Diffraction of Light
Interference of Light, Diffraction of LightDr. Vishal Jain
 
Light & optics
Light & opticsLight & optics
Light & opticsitutor
 
Ch 27 interference & wave nature of light online
Ch 27 interference & wave nature of light onlineCh 27 interference & wave nature of light online
Ch 27 interference & wave nature of light onlineScott Thomas
 
Electromagnetic waves and optics
Electromagnetic waves and opticsElectromagnetic waves and optics
Electromagnetic waves and opticssarahcrld
 

What's hot (20)

Wave Motion
Wave Motion Wave Motion
Wave Motion
 
Diffraction
DiffractionDiffraction
Diffraction
 
Wave Optics
Wave OpticsWave Optics
Wave Optics
 
Diffraction
DiffractionDiffraction
Diffraction
 
Wave nature of_light
Wave nature of_lightWave nature of_light
Wave nature of_light
 
Wave Propagation and Huygens’ Principle
Wave Propagation and Huygens’ PrincipleWave Propagation and Huygens’ Principle
Wave Propagation and Huygens’ Principle
 
Diffraction
DiffractionDiffraction
Diffraction
 
LO9 - Thin Film Interference
LO9 - Thin Film InterferenceLO9 - Thin Film Interference
LO9 - Thin Film Interference
 
XII - Physics - Wave theory of light
XII - Physics - Wave theory of lightXII - Physics - Wave theory of light
XII - Physics - Wave theory of light
 
Huygens Principle
Huygens PrincipleHuygens Principle
Huygens Principle
 
Wave optics
Wave opticsWave optics
Wave optics
 
Interference and diffraction
Interference and diffractionInterference and diffraction
Interference and diffraction
 
9.2 single diffraction
9.2 single diffraction9.2 single diffraction
9.2 single diffraction
 
Diffraction of light
Diffraction of lightDiffraction of light
Diffraction of light
 
wavefront
wavefrontwavefront
wavefront
 
Interference of Light, Diffraction of Light
Interference of Light, Diffraction of LightInterference of Light, Diffraction of Light
Interference of Light, Diffraction of Light
 
Light & optics
Light & opticsLight & optics
Light & optics
 
Ch 27 interference & wave nature of light online
Ch 27 interference & wave nature of light onlineCh 27 interference & wave nature of light online
Ch 27 interference & wave nature of light online
 
Diffraction of light
Diffraction of lightDiffraction of light
Diffraction of light
 
Electromagnetic waves and optics
Electromagnetic waves and opticsElectromagnetic waves and optics
Electromagnetic waves and optics
 

Viewers also liked

Huygens’ principle
Huygens’ principleHuygens’ principle
Huygens’ principlessyoung
 
Huygens Principle
Huygens PrincipleHuygens Principle
Huygens Principlekleybf
 
Notes for 12th Physics - Interference and Diffraction
Notes for 12th Physics - Interference and DiffractionNotes for 12th Physics - Interference and Diffraction
Notes for 12th Physics - Interference and DiffractionEdnexa
 
Ch 17 Linear Superposition and Interference
Ch 17 Linear Superposition and InterferenceCh 17 Linear Superposition and Interference
Ch 17 Linear Superposition and InterferenceScott Thomas
 
Cómo preparar un suculento plato de caracoles
Cómo preparar un suculento plato de caracolesCómo preparar un suculento plato de caracoles
Cómo preparar un suculento plato de caracolesUrtziBarrenetxea
 
Appraisal performance
Appraisal performanceAppraisal performance
Appraisal performancealexsmith9114
 
Performance appraisal questionnaire
Performance appraisal questionnairePerformance appraisal questionnaire
Performance appraisal questionnairealexsmith9114
 
The Technology_Media and Telecommunications review_Kazakhstan
The Technology_Media and Telecommunications review_KazakhstanThe Technology_Media and Telecommunications review_Kazakhstan
The Technology_Media and Telecommunications review_KazakhstanAssem Tnalina
 
360 performance appraisal
360 performance appraisal360 performance appraisal
360 performance appraisalalexsmith9114
 
Benefits of performance appraisal
Benefits of performance appraisalBenefits of performance appraisal
Benefits of performance appraisalalexsmith9114
 
Setting IP Address CentOS
Setting IP Address CentOSSetting IP Address CentOS
Setting IP Address CentOSDerryHilmand
 
Performance appraisal meaning
Performance appraisal meaningPerformance appraisal meaning
Performance appraisal meaningalexsmith9114
 
Meaning of performance appraisal
Meaning of performance appraisalMeaning of performance appraisal
Meaning of performance appraisalalexsmith9114
 
Jospers vin & grill AB Survy
Jospers vin & grill AB SurvyJospers vin & grill AB Survy
Jospers vin & grill AB SurvyStefan M. Cudic
 
CAAST-Net_Plus_Magazine__Issue_4___December_2014
CAAST-Net_Plus_Magazine__Issue_4___December_2014CAAST-Net_Plus_Magazine__Issue_4___December_2014
CAAST-Net_Plus_Magazine__Issue_4___December_2014Najia Musolino, Ph.D.
 

Viewers also liked (19)

Huygens’ principle
Huygens’ principleHuygens’ principle
Huygens’ principle
 
Huygens Principle
Huygens PrincipleHuygens Principle
Huygens Principle
 
Notes for 12th Physics - Interference and Diffraction
Notes for 12th Physics - Interference and DiffractionNotes for 12th Physics - Interference and Diffraction
Notes for 12th Physics - Interference and Diffraction
 
Ch 17 Linear Superposition and Interference
Ch 17 Linear Superposition and InterferenceCh 17 Linear Superposition and Interference
Ch 17 Linear Superposition and Interference
 
SMOKABLE MARIJUANA
SMOKABLE MARIJUANASMOKABLE MARIJUANA
SMOKABLE MARIJUANA
 
Cómo preparar un suculento plato de caracoles
Cómo preparar un suculento plato de caracolesCómo preparar un suculento plato de caracoles
Cómo preparar un suculento plato de caracoles
 
McCall News
McCall NewsMcCall News
McCall News
 
HighPower
HighPowerHighPower
HighPower
 
Appraisal performance
Appraisal performanceAppraisal performance
Appraisal performance
 
Performance appraisal questionnaire
Performance appraisal questionnairePerformance appraisal questionnaire
Performance appraisal questionnaire
 
The Technology_Media and Telecommunications review_Kazakhstan
The Technology_Media and Telecommunications review_KazakhstanThe Technology_Media and Telecommunications review_Kazakhstan
The Technology_Media and Telecommunications review_Kazakhstan
 
360 performance appraisal
360 performance appraisal360 performance appraisal
360 performance appraisal
 
Benefits of performance appraisal
Benefits of performance appraisalBenefits of performance appraisal
Benefits of performance appraisal
 
Setting IP Address CentOS
Setting IP Address CentOSSetting IP Address CentOS
Setting IP Address CentOS
 
Performance appraisal meaning
Performance appraisal meaningPerformance appraisal meaning
Performance appraisal meaning
 
Meaning of performance appraisal
Meaning of performance appraisalMeaning of performance appraisal
Meaning of performance appraisal
 
Jospers vin & grill AB Survy
Jospers vin & grill AB SurvyJospers vin & grill AB Survy
Jospers vin & grill AB Survy
 
Curriculum vitae 2015. april
Curriculum vitae 2015. aprilCurriculum vitae 2015. april
Curriculum vitae 2015. april
 
CAAST-Net_Plus_Magazine__Issue_4___December_2014
CAAST-Net_Plus_Magazine__Issue_4___December_2014CAAST-Net_Plus_Magazine__Issue_4___December_2014
CAAST-Net_Plus_Magazine__Issue_4___December_2014
 

Similar to Physics 101 Huygens' Principle and Interference

Similar to Physics 101 Huygens' Principle and Interference (20)

Wave motion
Wave motionWave motion
Wave motion
 
Interference
InterferenceInterference
Interference
 
Ch 7 physical optics final
Ch 7 physical optics finalCh 7 physical optics final
Ch 7 physical optics final
 
Interference of light waves
Interference of light wavesInterference of light waves
Interference of light waves
 
S4 E Phy Waves(Tranverse)(T)
S4 E Phy Waves(Tranverse)(T)S4 E Phy Waves(Tranverse)(T)
S4 E Phy Waves(Tranverse)(T)
 
Section3revision
Section3revisionSection3revision
Section3revision
 
Standing waves
Standing wavesStanding waves
Standing waves
 
Lo7
Lo7Lo7
Lo7
 
Reflection and Transmission of Mechanical Waves
Reflection and Transmission of Mechanical WavesReflection and Transmission of Mechanical Waves
Reflection and Transmission of Mechanical Waves
 
Learning object #2 - 2D wave interference
Learning object #2 - 2D wave interference Learning object #2 - 2D wave interference
Learning object #2 - 2D wave interference
 
Topic 4 Wave optics (English).pptx
Topic 4 Wave optics (English).pptxTopic 4 Wave optics (English).pptx
Topic 4 Wave optics (English).pptx
 
Physics 17-2
Physics 17-2Physics 17-2
Physics 17-2
 
6.wave_optics_1.ppt
6.wave_optics_1.ppt6.wave_optics_1.ppt
6.wave_optics_1.ppt
 
Physics form 5 chapter 1
Physics form 5 chapter 1Physics form 5 chapter 1
Physics form 5 chapter 1
 
Lo7
Lo7Lo7
Lo7
 
Michelson interfrometer
Michelson interfrometerMichelson interfrometer
Michelson interfrometer
 
Xinqi shao (40497133) lo7
Xinqi shao (40497133) lo7Xinqi shao (40497133) lo7
Xinqi shao (40497133) lo7
 
Wave properties
Wave propertiesWave properties
Wave properties
 
04 UNIT-4 (WAVES) .pptx
04 UNIT-4 (WAVES) .pptx04 UNIT-4 (WAVES) .pptx
04 UNIT-4 (WAVES) .pptx
 
Waves Basics
Waves BasicsWaves Basics
Waves Basics
 

Recently uploaded

Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 

Physics 101 Huygens' Principle and Interference

  • 1. Wave Propagation, Huygens’ Principle, and Interference Physics 101 LO By Elaine Lee
  • 2. Huygens’s Principle Any point on a wave front can be considered to be point source producing spherical secondary wavelets. The tangential surface of the secondary wavelets predict the new position of the wave front over time. Christiaan Huygens. Digital image. Molecular Expressions. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
  • 3. This principle can be applied to all waves. Plane Waves: -have wave fronts that are parallel to each other Spherical Waves: - have spherical wave fronts that are centered on the point source To Apply Huygens’ Principle: 1. Draw a set of equally spaced points on the wave front. 2. Using each point as the center of a secondary wavelet, draw a set of spherical wavelets with the same radius. 3. Predict the resulting wave front by drawing tangents to the spherical waves. Huygens' Principle. Digital image. Oocities. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015. Huygens' Principle. Digital image. Cliffsnotes. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
  • 5. INTERFERENCE- separated by intervals of space COMPARING THE PHASE DIFFERENCE OF ONE DIMENSIONAL WAVES TO 3D WAVES  Consider waves with the same frequency and wavelength One Dimensional Waves: (waves propagate in one direction) -have fixed phase differences that are independent of time and position (depends on the difference between phase constants of the two waves) Three Dimensional Waves: (waves propagate in different directions) -have relative phases that vary with position E.g. phase constant difference of pi/3 rad positions where the waves are perfectly out of phase positions where the waves are perfectly in phase Crests of waves Crests of waves Hawkes, Iqbal, Mansour, Milner-Boloton, and Williams. Wave Interference Diagrams. Digital image. N.P., n.d. Web. 12 Mar 2015.
  • 6. Interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superimpose to form a resultant wave of greater or lower amplitude
  • 7. Two Point Source Interference Pattern Crests Troughs Constructive Interference Destructive Interference Line of Constructive Interference Two Point Source Interference Pattern. Digital image. Physicsclassroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
  • 8. DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE: The path difference (∆d) between the two sources must be a half-integer multiple of the wavelength (i.e. an odd number of half wavelengths) NOTE: Path difference is the difference in distance travelled by the two waves from their respective sources to a given point NOTE: destructive interference can be observed when 2 waves out of phase by pi General Condition For: E.g. ∆d = 4λ – 3.5λ = 0.5λ Two Point Source Interference. Digital image. Physicsclassroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
  • 9. General Condition For: CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE: The path difference between the two sources must be an integer multiple of the wavelength NOTE: the paths individually do not have to be integer multiples of the wavelength NOTE: constructive interference can be observed when 2 waves are in phase The function of a spherical wave is given by We can neglect the phase constant if both waves are in phase NOTE: if d1 = d2 = d, simply add the two waves to find the resultant wave E.g. ∆d = 7λ – 6λ = 1λ E.g. ∆d = 7.5λ – 6.5λ = 1λ Two Point Source Interference. Digital image. Physicsclassroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015
  • 10. QUESTION 1: What is the path difference between the two sources to point A? Is there constructive interference or destructive interference at Point A? Two Point Source Interference Pattern. Digital image. Physicsclassroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
  • 11. QUESTION 1 ANSWER: The red lines indicate the paths travelled by the two waves from their respective sources to a Point A. The distance between each red dot is one wavelength (crest to crest). ∆d = d2 – d1 = 6λ – 5λ = 1λ The path difference between the two sources to Point A is an integer multiple of the wavelength, thus Point A is a point of constructive interference.
  • 12. QUESTION 2: At which points would constructive interference occur? How many of the labeled points represent nodes? Two Point Source Interference Pattern. Digital image. Physicsclassroom. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
  • 13. QUESTION 2 ANSWER: Constructive interference would occur at Point A and Point B because both points are at locations where a crest meets a crest. Four out of the six points represent nodes. Points C, D, E and F are points where crests and troughs meet.
  • 14. Interference- separated by intervals of time Beats are periodic fluctuations heard in the intensity of a sound when two sound waves of very similar frequencies interfere with one another  The rate at which amplitude increases and decreases as a function of time is proportional to the frequency difference
  • 15. Beat Frequency: the rate at which the volume is heard to be oscillating from high to low volume E.g. If three complete cycles of high and low volumes are heard every second, the beat frequency is 3 Hz.  The beat frequency is equal to the difference in frequency of the two tones that interfere to produce beats.
  • 16. QUESTION 3: A guitarist plays a 110 Hz tone while his friend simultaneously plays a tone with a frequency of 115 Hz. How many beats will be heard over a period of 15 seconds?
  • 17. QUESTION 3 ANSWER: The beat frequency is equal to the difference in frequency of the two tones that interfere to produce beats. The beat frequency will be 5 Hz. ( 115 Hz – 110 Hz = 5 Hz ) Thus, in 15 seconds, there should be 75 beats. ( 5 Hz x 15s = 75 beats)