A New Sustainable Polymeric Fire Safety Solution for Thermoplastics and Elastomers

www.albemarle.com A New Sustainable Polymeric Fire Safety Solution for Thermoplastics and Elastomers 21st Annual Conference on Recent Advances on Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials May 24, 2010 Kumar G. Kumar, Arthur Mack, Douglas Luther, Vijay Kotian and Bo Liu Albemarle Corporation

Agenda www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Why a new Flame Retardant? What is GreenArmor? How well does GreenArmor perform in Styrenics Polyolefins Polyamides Polyesters Registration status Commercialization timeline Sampling Summary 2

Why a New Flame Retardant? www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Growing need for efficient fire safety solutions that are… Environmentally friendly Sustainable Recyclable Melt blendable (Efficiency !) In a single Better performing package Thermally stable (Aesthetics !) Color stable 3

What is www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com New Generation Polymeric Flame Retardant (MW > 1000) High Bromine content Better FR efficiency Melt-blendable Can be used in both thermoplastic and thermoset polymers Has excellent mechanical and electrical properties Offers better thermal and color stability Has excellent recyclability Is offered in a low-color, non-dusting pellet form Supports VECAP 4

Typical Properties www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Property GreenArmor Specific Gravity 2.4 Bromine Content ≥74 % Glass Transition Temperature (by DSC) 122°C TGA, (10 °C / min under N2) 1% weight loss 303°C 5% weight loss 355°C 10% weight loss 369°C 5

www.albemarle.com in Styrenics

Properties Comparison of in HIPS www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com In a General-Purpose Injection Molding HIPS resin: FR GreenArmor TTBPT Saytex 8010 BEO Br % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Antimony Trioxide % 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Properties Units UL-94, 1/8" UL-94 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 t1 + t2 sec. 12 11 8 9 o MFI, 200 C/ 5kg ASTM D1238 g/10 min 14.7 18.1 9.7 25.8 HDT ASTM D648 ° C 70.6 70.1 71.4 66.5 Vicat ASTM D1525 °C 97.2 94.8 96.8 90.1 N-Izod Impact Strength ASTM D256 ft-lb/in 1.63 1.66 1.03 1.21 Tensile Strength ASTM D638 psi x10^3 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 Tensile Modulus ASTM D638 psi x10^5 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.9 Elongation at yield ASTM D638 % 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 Elongation at Break ASTM D638 % 19.3 28.2 7.8 18.6 Flexural Strength ASTM D790 psi x10^3 6.8 6.6 5.7 6.4 Flexural Modulus ASTM D790 psi x10^5 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 TTBPT: Tris-tribromophenoxy triazine BEO: Brominated Epoxy Oligomer 7

in HIPS Key Properties vs. other FR’s www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Best performance with GreenArmor ! Temp °C 100 3.5 psi x10³ 3.0 80 2.5 ft-lb/in 60 2.0 1.5 40 g / 10 min 1.0 20 0.5 0.0 0 Vicat Melt Flow Index Tensile Strength Izod Impact 8 GreenArmor TTBPT Saytex 8010 BEO

in HIPS Melt Stability vs. other FR’s www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com o -1 Capillary Melt Stability @ 250 C, 500 sec 140 130 120 110 Visc Pa-s. 100 90 80 70 60 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Time, min GreenArmor TTBPT Saytex 8010 BEO 9

FR HIPS - Multi-Pass Recycle Results www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com MFI VICAT 35 100 30 95 25 Vicat MFI 20 90 15 85 10 5 80 0 2 4 6 0 2 4 6 Molding Cycle # Molding Cycle # Izod Best performance 2.5 with GreenArmor ! 2.0 Impact 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 2 4 6 Molding Cycle # NEAT GreenArmor TTBPT Saytex 8010 BEO 10

FR HIPS - Humidity Aging Results www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com 30 98 25 96 20 94 Vicat, C 92 MFI 15 90 10 88 5 86 0 Neat GreenArmor TTBPT Saytex 8010 BEO Neat GreenArmor TTBPT Saytex 8010 BEO non-aged non-aged after 1st molding non-aged 100% aged 30% aged/70% non-aged 100% aged 30% aged/70% non-aged 3.0 2.5 2.0 Impact 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Neat GreenArmor TTBPT Saytex 8010 BEO non-aged 100% aged 30% aged/70% non-aged 11

GreenArmor Properties Comparison in ABS www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com In a General-Purpose Injection Molding ABS resin: FR GreenArmor TTBPT TBBPA BEO Br % 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Antimony Trioxide % 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Properties Units UL-94, 1/8" UL-94 V-0 V-0 V-0 V0 t1 + t2 sec. 8 8 7 8 MFI, 230oC/3.8kg ASTM D1238 g/10 min 9.1 13.8 25.4 20.9 HDT ASTM D648 °C 74.0 74.0 66.3 72.5 Vicat ASTM D1525 °C 103.1 100.8 90.1 97.3 N-Izod Impact Strength ASTM D256 ft-lb/in 1.86 1.70 1.27 1.12 Tensile Strength ASTM D638 psi x10^3 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.4 Tensile Modulus ASTM D638 psi x10^5 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 Flexural Strength ASTM D790 psi x10^3 9.2 9.0 7.9 9.0 Flexural Modulus ASTM D790 psi x10^5 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.3 12

Key Properties vs. other FR’s www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com psi x10³ ft-lb/in Temp °C g / 10 min 6 120 5 100 4 80 3 60 2 40 20 1 0 0 Vicat Melt Flow T ensile Strength Izod Impact GreenArmor TTBPT TBBPA BEO Capillary Melt Stability @ 250oC, 500 sec-1 200 180 Best performance 160 GreenArmor with GreenArmor ! 140 TTBPT Visc. 120 TBBPA BEO 100 80 60 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Time, min 13

FR ABS -- Color Stability www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com ABS Extrudates from capillary rheometer @ 250° for varying residence time C Time, Min GreenArmor TTBPT TBBPA BEO Best Color retention with GreenArmor ! 14

in Styrenics - Summary www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com GreenArmor is well suited for use in HIPS and ABS Imparts high melt flow as it is melt-blendable Imparts great impact strength Provides great thermal resistance in HIPS and ABS Provides great melt stability in HIPS and ABS Has excellent mechanical properties in HIPS and ABS Performs well in various HIPS and ABS grades Exhibits excellent Recyclability HIPS containing GreenArmor retains its properties after six injection-molding cycles and after 168-hr humidity aging 15

www.albemarle.com in Polyolefins

FR XL-EVA -- Comparison www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com EVA Ingredient Saytex 102E Saytex 8010 Saytex BT-93 GreenArmor 600 Heat Release kW/m2 EVA 50 50 50 50 500 Bright Sun HB ATO 7 7 7 7 400 Surface modified Calcined Al Silicate 19 19 19 19 300 FR Loading (wt%) 21 21 21 21 200 40% Active Organic Peroxide 3 3 3 3 100 Specific Gravity 1.41 1.41 1.39 1.37 0 UL 94, 1/8 in V0 V0 V0 V0 1 51 101 151 201 251 301 time (s) UL 94, T1+T2 time, sec 7.4 7.6 7.0 7.3 Tensile Strength, psi 2090 2144 2109 2025 GreenArmor Ultimate Elongation, % 205 199 173 200 Saytex 8010 Dielectric Constant 2.98 2.89 3.07 2.89 Saytex 8010ZD Dielectric Strength, V/mil 507 545 533 511 Saytex 102E Volume Resistivity, Ohm-cm, 10^14 2.15 5.85 11.00 6.12 Saytex BT-93 17

FR PP Comparison www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Ingredient Saytex 102E Saytex 8010 Saytex 8010ZD Saytex BT-93 GreenArmor 700 Heat Release kW/m2 PP Copolymer 56.8 56.8 56.8 56.8 56.8 600 FR Loading (wt%) 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 500 Brightsun HB 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Talc 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 400 Ethanox 310 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 300 Ethaphos 368 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 200 Mechanical Properties 100 Specific Gravity 1.27 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.25 Tensile Strength psi X 10^3 2.5 2.3 3.5 2.8 2.7 0 Tensile Modulus psi X 10^5 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.5 1 51 101 151 201 Elongation @ Yield % 3.3 3.2 4.5 2.3 2.3 t (s) Elongation @ Break % 30.6 25.5 42.1 8.7 7.5 Flexural Strength psi X 10^3 6.3 6.2 5.9 6.6 6.6 Flexural Modulus psi X 10^5 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.5 GreenArmor Izod Impact ft-lb/in 0.52 0.51 0.75 0.38 0.42 Saytex 8010 GLOSS 21.3 25.1 24.5 24.4 27.8 Saytex 8010ZD Therm al Properties Melt Flow Index g/10 min 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.4 6.2 Saytex 102E HDT °C 119.5 120.8 114.7 118.7 115.3 Saytex BT-93 VICAT °C 154.2 154.3 152.1 153.9 148.2 Electrical Properties Dielectric Constant 2.51 2.49 2.50 2.55 2.49 Dissipation Factor % 1.47 1.81 3.14 1.84 3.60 Volume Resistivity 10^16 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.5 Surface Resistivity 10^16 3.8 4.6 3.3 10.2 6.4 Dielectric Strength v/mil 534 533 541 561 647 18

FR TPE -- Comparison www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Ingredient Saytex 102E Saytex 8010 Saytex 8010ZD Saytex BT-93 GreenArmor Polypropylene Copolymer 45.4 45.4 45.4 45.4 45.4 1200 Heat Release kW/m2 Polyolefin Elastomer (C2-C4) 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 FR Loading (wt%) 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 1000 Brightsun HB ATO 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 800 Talc 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 Ethanox 310 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 600 Ethaphos 368 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 400 Mechanical Properties Specific Gravity 200 1.28 1.26 1.26 1.24 1.24 Tensile Strength psi X 10^3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 0 Elongation @ Yield % 5.5 5.8 6.8 5.6 3.0 1 51 101 151 Elongation @ Break % 113 360 362 14 67 time Flexural Strength psi X 10^3 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.8 5.9 Flexural Modulus psi X 10^5 2.6 2.2 2.0 2.6 3.5 Izod Impact ft-lb/in 0.61 0.74 1.03 0.52 0.54 GLOSS 16.5 19.4 22.5 21.4 24.6 Therm al Properties GreenArmor Melt Flow Index g/10 min 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.2 6.7 Saytex 8010 HDT °C 102.7 99.6 94.5 102.6 104.5 Saytex 8010ZD VICAT °C 154.2 154.3 152.1 153.9 148.2 Electrical Properties Saytex 102E Dielectric Constant 2.48 2.49 2.46 2.49 2.46 Saytex BT-93 Volume Resistivity 10^16 0.8 0.8 6.7 1.2 1.6 Surface Resistivity 10^16 3.4 2.6 2.8 5.1 5.9 Dielectric Strength v/mil 526 525 533 552 636 19

in Polyolefins --Summary www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com GreenArmor is an excellent FR in Polyolefins and provides Good physical properties Comparable FR properties at lower Br content FR efficiency between Saytex 102E/8010 and Saytex BT-93 Lower Peak HRR vs. other FR’s Equivalent or better electrical properties Improved processability Higher throughput 20

www.albemarle.com in Polyamides

FR - 30% GF Polyamide 6/6 -- Comparison www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Saytex Saytex Ingredient GreenArmor HP 3010 HP 7010 BrPS-1 BrPS-2 BrPS-3 BrPS-4 BrPS-5 BrPS-6 Br % Units 74% 68% 68% 59% 64% 64% 64% 66% 66% FR Loading (Wt%) 19.0 20.7 20.7 23.6 22.9 22.9 22.9 21.5 21.5 Brightsun HB Sb2O3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 PTFE Teflon 6C 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Flam mability LOI % Oxygen 36.8 36.4 36.1 35.4 36.5 37.5 37.3 36.7 38.1 Rating V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 UL-94 1/32" sec 7 20 26 17 24 16 24 9 8 Physical Properties Specific Gravity g/cm3 1.63 1.65 1.62 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.67 1.66 Gloss N/A 29.2 22.6 20.3 23.2 22.9 21.8 23.4 19.6 20.2 Initial Color YI (D1925) 20.9 15.8 18.9 18.0 17.4 20.3 13.2 21.7 10.4 BrPS-1 thru BrPS-6: Competitive Brominated Polystyrene Products 22

FR 30% GF Polyamide 6/6 –Comparison www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com 35.0 ' Break @ 30.0 4 3.5 ' Yield @ 25.0 3 % Elongation MFI (gms/10 min.) 20.0 2.5 2 15.0 1.5 1 10.0 0.5 5.0 0 FR-803P PBS-64HW HP 3010 HP 7010 PDBS-80 PBS-64 LMBS-66 CP-44HF GreenArmor 0.0 Melt Flow Index Best performance 2 with GreenArmor ! 100 1.8 90 1.6 80 1.4 70 1.2 60 ft-lb/in. in. lb.in. 1 50 0.8 40 0.6 30 0.4 20 0.2 10 0 0 Izod Impact Gardner Impact GreenArmor BrPS-1 BrPS-4 Saytex HP-3010 BrPS-2 BrPS-5 Saytex HP-7010 BrPS-3 BrPS-6 23

FR 30% GF Polyamide 6,6 Comparison of Rheology www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Shear Sweep @ 280C 300 GreenArmor 250 Saytex HP 3010 Saytex HP 7010 Viscosity (Pa-s) 200 BrPS-1 150 BrPS-2 BrPS-3 100 BrPS-4 50 BrPS-5 BrPS-6 0 7297 4998 3004 997 499 Rate (1/s) Lowest Viscosity with GreenArmor ! 24

in Polyamides- Summary www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com GreenArmor is an excellent FR in Polyamides and provides Comparable or better mechanical properties Low melt viscosity Comparable FR properties at lower Br content Lower loadings than other BrPS products Better Impact properties Better Gloss Equivalent or better electrical properties Improved processability Higher throughput 25

www.albemarle.com in Polyesters

FR- 30% GF PBT -- Comparison www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Saytex Saytex Saytex Saytex FR GA PBT-620 8010 BT-93W BrPS-1 BrPS-2 BrPS-3 FR-1 FR-2 120 FR-3 Br % 74% 54% 82% 67% 59% 64% 64% 58% 71% 82% 53% FR Loading (wt%) 11.0 15.0 10.0 12.0 13.6 12.8 12.8 14.1 11.5 10.0 15.4 Brightsun HB Antimony Oxide 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 PTFE Teflon 6C 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Saytex Saytex Saytex Saytex Flammability Units GA PBT-620 8010 BT-93W BrPS-1 BrPS-2 BrPS-3 FR-1 FR-2 120 FR-3 LOI % Oxygen 33.1 31.8 33.5 32.9 32.0 31.2 31.5 33.6 32.6 32.4 33.3 Pass/Fail V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 UL-94 1/32" seconds 7 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 10 9 9 Saytex Saytex Saytex Saytex Physical Properties Units GA PBT-620 8010 BT-93W BrPS-1 BrPS-2 BrPS-3 FR-1 FR-2 120 FR-3 Specific Gravity g/cm3 1.68 1.67 1.70 1.73 1.70 1.69 1.69 1.72 1.67 1.72 1.67 Gloss n/a 29.1 14.3 14.7 15.2 13.7 11.8 11.3 22.1 21.5 17 13.8 Initial Color YI 14.80 11.40 13.37 21.35 14.27 14.92 16.10 12.95 13.08 13.66 13.34 27

FR 30% GF PBT - Comparison www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Gloss Melt Flow Index 30 20.0 25 18.0 Melt Flow Index (g/10 min.) 16.0 20 14.0 Gloss 15 12.0 10.0 10 8.0 6.0 5 4.0 0 2.0 0.0 HDT @ 120 C/hr. Izod Impact 240.0 1.5 210.0 1.3 180.0 1.1 Temperature (C) 150.0 0.9 ft-lb/in. 120.0 0.7 90.0 0.5 60.0 0.3 30.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 GreenArmor BrPS-1 FR-2 Saytex PBT-620 BrPS-2 Saytex 120 Saytex 8010 BrPS-3 FR-3 Saytex BT-93W FR-1 28

Fr 30% GF PBT Comparison of Rheology www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Capillary Rheology - Melt Stability - 250 C 700 600 500 Viscosity (1/sec) 400 300 200 100 Lowest Viscosity with GreenArmor ! 0 6.2 12.5 18.5 24.5 31 Time (min.) GreenArmor BrPS-1 FR-2 Saytex PBT-620 BrPS-2 Saytex 120 Saytex 8010 BrPS-3 FR-3 Saytex BT-93W FR-1 29

FR 30% GF- PET -- Comparison www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Saytex HP- Saytex HP- Saytex BT- Ingredient 3010G/PST 7010G 93W Saytex 120 BrPS-1 BrPS-2 FR-1 GreenArmor PET (45% Glass-filled) 34 34 34 31 37 36 34 33 PET (30% Glass-filled) 48.6 48.6 48.6 53.6 43.8 45.8 49.1 50.6 FR Loading (wt%) 12 12 12 10 13.8 12.8 11.5 11 Sodium Antimonate 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 PTFE 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 LOI % Oxygen 27.5 27.5 31.7 31 29.3 29.6 30.1 30.6 UL-94 Pass/Fail V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 V-0 t1+t2 seconds 14 11 11 13 34 13 8 11 30

FR 30% GF PET -- Comparison www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Melt Flow Index Notched IZOD 12.0 1.50 10.0 MFI (g/10 min) 8.0 1.00 ft-lb/in 6.0 4.0 0.50 2.0 0.0 0.00 Saytex HP-3010G/PST Saytex HP-7010G Saytex BT-93W Saytex HP-3010G/PST Saytex HP-7010G Saytex BT-93W Saytex 120 BrPS-1 BrPS-2 Saytex 120 BrPS-1 BrPS-2 FR-1 GreenArmor FR-1 GreenArmor 300 300 Viscosity (1/sec) 250 250 200 Viscosity (Pa-s) 200 150 150 100 50 100 0 50 6.1 12.4 18.5 24.6 30.7 0 Time (min) 7300 4500 2000 1000 500 Rate (1/sec) Saytex HP-3010G/PST Saytex HP-7010G Saytex BT-93W Saytex 120 BrPS-1 BrPS-2 Saytex HP-3010G/PST Saytex HP-7010G Saytex BT-93W Saytex 120 BrPS-1 BrPS-2 FR-1 GreenArmor FR-1 GreenArmor 31

FR 30% GF PET Electrical Properties www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Saytex HP- Saytex HP- Saytex BT- Ingredient 3010G/PST 7010G 93W Saytex 120 BrPS-1 BrPS-2 FR-1 GreenArmor PET (45% Glass-filled) 34 34 34 31 37 36 34 33 PET (30% Glass-filled) 48.6 48.6 48.6 53.6 43.8 45.8 49.1 50.6 FR Loading (w t%) 12 12 12 10 13.8 12.8 11.5 11 Sodium Antimonate 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 PTFE 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Dielectric Strength kV/mm 19.49 20.08 18.40 17.67 19.50 19.29 17.77 16.07 Dielectric Constant N/A 3.649 3.757 3.846 3.787 3.727 3.728 3.780 3.780 Comparative Tracking Index Volts 225 200 200 200 200 200 175 200 Volume Resistivity ohm-cm 1.00x10E15 1.02x10E15 7.84x10E14 8.62x10E14 1.32x10E15 1.12x10E15 1.01x10E15 1.18x10E15 Surface Resistivity ohm-cm 1.19x10E16 2.52x10E15 4.24x10E15 1.07x10E16 1.65x10E16 1.19x10E16 3.89x10E15 6.15x10E15 Dissipation Factor N/A 0.0126 0.0181 0.0057 0.0032 0.0055 0.0067 0.0161 0.0176 32

in GF Polyesters - Summary www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com GreenArmor is an excellent FR in PBT and PET and provides Comparable or better mechanical properties Low melt viscosity Comparable FR properties at lower Br content Lower loadings than other BrPS products Equivalent or better electrical properties Better Gloss Improved processability Higher throughput 33

Registration & Environmental Profile www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Registration Testing under way Global registration targeted to finalize by mid 2010 Japan by end-2010 Mammalian toxicology Low concern due to polymeric nature of GreenArmor Bioaccumulation Not expected to bio-accumulate given its polymeric nature (based on model evaluation) Ecotoxicity Expected to be non-toxic to aquatic organisms (based on model evaluation) 34

Commercialization Timeline & Sampling www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com Completed applications testing Commercial production Scope defined Completed patent filings Global Product Registration nearing completion Product introduction underway Commercial Production start-up 4Q2010 Samples requests - please contact your Albemarle Sales Representative Limited sample quantities until 4Q10 when large scale samples will be available 35

Summary www.albemarle.com www.albemarle.com GreenArmor is a high performing polymeric fire safety solutions that is … Environmentally friendly Sustainable Recyclable Melt blendable (Efficiency !) Better performing Thermally stable (Aesthetics!) Color stable 36

A New Sustainable Polymeric Fire Safety Solution for Thermoplastics and Elastomers

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