Electric current is the flow of electric charge, which can be generated by static electricity or provided by electric cells and power companies through transmission lines. It flows through conductors that make up electric circuits and powers various electrical appliances in homes, hospitals, factories, offices and more. There are different types of electric cells that can provide current, such as simple, Leclanche, dry, nickel-cadmium and button cells, which have different components and properties regarding rechargeability. Electric current flowing through a conductor behaves like a magnet and creates a magnetic field, demonstrating principles like electromagnetic induction that power technologies like electric motors.

1. Electric Current

2. We use many electrical appliances in
our home.

3. In hospitals, factories, Shops, offices also there
are many electrical appliances.

4. These appliances work on the electricity provided
by government company. Or on various types of
electricity provided. Both of these types of
electricity is called Electric current.
.

5. The field through which electric current flows
is called electric field.
Source of electric current (either Government or electric
cell) in electric field, transmission lines, electrical
appliances, and a switch to start/stop electric current.

6. Electric current flowing through the field generates current
of charges(electron) or flow. When silk cloth and glass
rod or woollen cloth and ebonite rod are rubbed electric
charges are produced. But the charges remain still on
those bodies. With the help of electric cell these static
charges are set in motion and electric current is
generated.

8. Types of electric cell
1) Simple Cell>
2) Leclanche Cell>
3) Dry Cell>
4) Nickel-Cadmium
Cell
5) Button Cell

9. Simple Cell (Voltas Cell)
Positive pole - Copper rod
Negative pole – Zinc rod
Chemical – Dilute Sulphuric acid.

10. Leclanche> Cell (Cannot be recharged)
Positive pole - Cylindrical Porous pot with mixture of
Manganese dioxide and carbon
Negative pole - Zinc Rod
Chemical– Ammonium chloride>

11. Dry cell> (Cannot be recharged)
Positive pole – Carbon rod
Negative pole – Zinc can
Chemical – Manganese dioxide, graphite, zinc chloride
and ammonium chloride

12. Nickel-Cadmium Cell> - (Can be recharged)
Positive pole - Nickel
Negative pole - Cadmium
Chemical - Potassium Hydroxide>

13. Button Cell( Lithium Cell)Cannot be recharged
Positive pole - Carbon
Negative pole - Lithium Iron Phosphate

14. While electric current flows through a conductor, it behaves
like a magnet.
Hence a magnetic field develops around it, which causes the
deflection of magnetic needle.

15. Electro-Magnetic Induction- If there is a change in the
magnetic field associated with a coil of wire ,electric
current begins to flow through the coil. Such a current is
called induced current. This phenomenon of the change
in a magnetic field and the electric current that it
generates is called electro-magnetic induction
The working of electric motor is based on the principle of
electro magnetic induction..

16. When electric current is passed through a conductor, it
works like a magnet. Such magnets are called electro-magnet.
Uses of Electro-Magnet – Loudspeaker, Telephone, Electric crane.
Electric bell also works on the principle electro-magnet .
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17. Electrical Conductors- Substances through which
electricity can flow easily are called Electrical
Conductors.
Example : All metals

18. Electric insulators – The substances which do not carry
electric current are called Electric insulators.
Example: Glass, Paper, Rubber, Plastic, stones, etc.

19. Electric appliances and its symbols.