PHPUnit testing to Zend_Test

PHPUnit and Zend Test php|tek 2009

Who am I ? Michelangelo van Dam Independent Enterprise PHP consultant Co-founder PHPBelgium Mail me at dragonbe [at] gmail [dot] com Follow me on http://twitter.com/DragonBe Read my articles on http://dragonbe.com See my proﬁle on http://linkedin.com/in/michelangelovandam 2

Unit testing ? • test smallest piece of code (unit) • to verify its behavior is as expected • exceptions are thrown • code remains backwards compatible 3

Everyone should test ! • rule #1: you should test • rule #2: see rule #1 (no excuses!!!) • Why? - tests are automated - run over and over again - detect ﬂaws, errors, mistakes, screw ups - progress indication of the project 4

Why PHPUnit ? • part of xUnit family • ported by Sebastian Bergmann • PEAR package - pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.de - pear install phpunit/PHPUnit 5

<?php My ﬁrst class class SayHello { public $name; public function __construct($name = 'nobody') { $this->name = $name; } public function speak() { return quot;Hello {$this->name}!quot;; } } 6

<?php Run it require_once 'sayhello.php'; $hello = new SayHello(); echo $hello->speak(); // outputs Hello nobody! 7

<?php Test it ! require_once 'sayhello.php'; class SayHelloTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testSpeakWithoutParams () { $hello = new SayHello(); $this->assertEquals(quot;Hello nobody!quot;, $hello->speak()); } public function testSpeakWithParams () { $hello = new SayHello('Marco'); $this->assertEquals(quot;Hello Marco!quot;, $hello->speak()); } } 8

We’re good $ phpunit SayHelloTest PHPUnit 3.3.15 by Sebastian Bergmann. .. Time: 0 seconds OK (2 tests, 2 assertions) 9

It’s that simple ! 10

Test Driven Development • think about functionality • think about testable functionality • write functional tests • write functionality 11

More testing • data providers (@dataProvider) • exception (@expectedException) • ﬁxtures (setUp() and tearDown()) • doubles (mocks and stubs) • database testing 12

Data Provider • provides arbitrary arguments - array - object (that implements Iterator) • annotated by @dataProvider provider • multiple arguments 13

<?php CombineTest class CombineTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { /** * @dataProvider provider */ public function testCombine($a, $b, $c) { $this->assertEquals($c, $a . ' ' . $b); } public function provider() { return array ( array ('Hello','World','Hello World'), array ('Go','PHP','Go PHP'), array ('This','Fails','This succeeds') ); } } 14

Testing CombineTest # phpunit CombineTest CombineTest.php PHPUnit 3.3.2 by Sebastian Bergmann. ..F Time: 0 seconds There was 1 failure: 1) testCombine(CombineTest) with data set #2 ('This', 'Fails', 'This succeeds') Failed asserting that two strings are equal. expected string <This succeeds> difference < xxxxx???> got string <This Fails> /root/dev/phpunittutorial/CombineTest.php:9 FAILURES! Tests: 3, Assertions: 3, Failures: 1. 15

Expected Exception • testing exceptions - that they are thrown - are properly catched 16

OopsTest <?php class OopsTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testOops() { try { throw new Exception('I just made a booboo'); } catch (Exception $expected) { return; } $this->fail('An expected Exception was not thrown'); } } 17

Testing OopsTest # phpunit OopsTest OopsTest.php PHPUnit 3.3.2 by Sebastian Bergmann. . Time: 0 seconds OK (1 test, 0 assertions) 18

Fixtures • is a “known state” of an application - needs to be ‘set up’ at start of test - needs to be ‘torn down’ at end of test - shares “states” over test methods 19

<?php FixmeTest class FixmeTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { protected $fixme; public function setUp() { $this->fixme = array (); } public function testFixmeEmpty() { $this->assertEquals(0, sizeof($this->fixme)); } public function testFixmeHasOne() { array_push($this->fixme, 'element'); $this->assertEquals(1, sizeof($this->fixme)); } } 20

Testing FixmeTest # phpunit FixmeTest FixmeTest.php PHPUnit 3.3.2 by Sebastian Bergmann. .. Time: 0 seconds OK (2 tests, 2 assertions) 21

Doubles • stub objects • mock objects 22

Stubs • isolates tests from external inﬂuences - slow connections - expensive and complex resources • replaces a “system under test” (SUT) - for the purpose of testing 23

StubTest <?php // example taken from phpunit.de class StubTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testStub() { $stub = $this->getMock('SomeClass'); $stub->expects($this->any()) ->method('doSometing') ->will($this->returnValue('foo')); } // Calling $stub->doSomething() will now return 'foo' } 24

Testing StubTest # phpunit StubTest StubTest.php PHPUnit 3.3.2 by Sebastian Bergmann. . Time: 0 seconds OK (1 test, 1 assertion) 25

Mocks • simulated objects • mimics API or behaviour • in a controlled way • to test a real object 26

<?php ObserverTest // example taken from Sebastian Bergmann’s slides on // slideshare.net/sebastian_bergmann/advanced-phpunit-topics class ObserverTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase { public function testUpdateIsCalledOnce() { $observer = $this->getMock('Observer', array('update')); $observer->expects($this->once()) ->method('update') ->with($this->equalTo('something')); $subject = new Subject; $subject->attach($observer) ->doSomething(); } } 27

Database Testing • ported by Mike Lively from DBUnit • PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_TestCase • for database-driven projects • puts DB in know state between tests • imports and exports DB data from/to XML • easily added to existing tests 28

BankAccount Example BankAccount example by Mike Lively http://www.ds-o.com/archives/63-PHPUnit-Database-Extension-DBUnit-Port.html http://www.ds-o.com/archives/64-Adding-Database-Tests-to-Existing-PHPUnit-Test-Cases.html BankAccount Classs by Sebastian Bergmann http://www.slideshare.net/sebastian_bergmann/testing-phpweb-applications-with-phpunit-and-selenium The full BankAccount class http://www.phpunit.de/browser/phpunit/branches/release/3.3/PHPUnit/Samples/BankAccountDB/ BankAccount.php 29

Database Testing Example <?php require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/Tescase.php'; require_once 'PHPUnit/Extensions/Database/Dataset/FlatXmlDataSet.php'; require_once 'BankAccount.php'; class BankAccountDBTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_Database_Testcase { public function getConnection() { $pdo = new PDO('sqlite::memory:'); return $this->createDefaultDBConnection($pdo, 'testdb'); } public function getDataSet() { return $this->createFlatFileXMLDataSet( dirname(__FILE__) . '/_files/dataset.xml'); } ... 30

Testing data store/retrieve ... public function testNewAccountCreation() { $bank_account = new BankAccount('12345678912345678', $this->pdo); $xml_dataset = $this->createFlatXMLDataSet( dirname(__FILE__).'/_files/ba-new-account.xml'); $this->assertDataSetsEquals($xml_dataset, $this->getConnection()->createDataSet()); } ... 31

Testing BankAccount $ phpunit BankAccountDBTestPHPUnit 3.3.15 by Sebastian Bergmann. ..... Time: 0 seconds OK (5 tests, 10 assertions) 32

BankAccount Dataset <?xml version=quot;1.0quot; encoding=quot;UTF-8quot;?> <dataset> <bank_account account_number=quot;15934903649620486quot; balance=quot;100.00quot; /> <bank_account account_number=quot;15936487230215067quot; balance=quot;1216.00quot; /> <bank_account account_number=quot;12348612357236185quot; balance=quot;89.00quot; /> </dataset> 33

Testing ZF App • using ZF bootstrap • uses ZF autoloading • tests MVC controllers and views 34

<?php Testing Controllers require_once 'Zend/Test/PHPUnit/TestCase.php'; class IndexControllerTest extends Zend_Test_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase { public function setUp() { $this->bootstrap = array ($this, 'bootstrap'); parent::setUp(); } public function tearDown() { parent::tearDown(); $this->bootstrap = null; } public function bootstrap() { $this->frontController->registerPlugin(new Initializer('test')); } // tests goes here } 35

Zend_Test_PHPUnit • Dispatching: $this->dispatch(‘/’); • Testing Controller: $this->assertController(‘index’); • Testing Action: $this->assertAction(‘index’); 36

More on Zend_Test http://framework.zend.com/manual/en/zend.test.html 37

Interesting Readings • PHPUnit by Sebastian Bergmann http://phpunit.de • Art of Unit Testing by Roy Osherove http://artofunittesting.com • Mike Lively’s blog http://www.ds-o.com/archives/63-PHPUnit-Database-Extension-DBUnit-Port.html 38

Credits Lomo elePHPant http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/jakobwesthoff/3231273333/ Sebastian Bergmann http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/sebastian_bergmann/2293021853 39

NOTICE No elePHPants were harmed while performing these tests 40

License This presentation is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License You are free: - to share : to copy, distribute and transmit the work - to remix : to adapt the work Under the following conditions: - attribution :You must attribute the work in the manner speciﬁed by the author or licensor - share alike : If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same, similar or a compatible license See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ 41

Questions ? Thank you This presentation will be available on http://slideshare.com/DragonBe Vote this talk http://joind.in/442 42

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PHPUnit testing to Zend_Test

by Michelangelo van Dam on May 21, 2009

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