"If you always do what you always did" - Systems Thinking for developing canine health improvement strategies
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This is the presentation we made to the Dog Advisory Council's open meeting on 3rd December 2013. It explains how Systems Thinking can be applied to develop canine health improvement strategies.
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"If you always do what you always did" - Systems Thinking for developing canine health improvement strategies
- 1. Systems Thinking If you always do what you always did…… Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013
- 2. Systems thinking is an approach to problem solving that views “problems” as part of a wider dynamic system. Systems thinking involves more than a reaction to present outcomes or events. It demands a deeper understanding of linkages, relationships, interaction and behaviours among the elements that characterise the entire system. Systems thinking for health systems strengthening edited by Don de Savigny and Taghreed Adam, World Health Organisation 2009. Systems thinking; a definition Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013
- 3. • The issues in dog health and welfare stem in the main from human behaviour and humans fear and resist change • Role of dogs in our society is characterised by both plurality and polarity • The context for dog health and welfare issues is changing fast – life sciences, information and communication technologies, ethics • Large parts of our existing system were created in 19th Century – we have a legacy system • Increasing levels of frustration in many quarters over pace of progress • It’s complicated! The problem Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013
- 4. • All organisations, people and actions that are involved in the promotion, supply and ownership of dogs. The “Dog System” Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013
- 5. Interventions Stakeholders Information Veterinary & Genetics Technologies Funding The multiple relationships and interactions between the building blocks and how these affect each other, convert the building blocks into a system Leadership & Governance The building blocks in this system Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013
- 6. The System that Builds Brachycephalic Dogs Puppy contract Low Volume High Welfare Show enthusiasts Not registered Joe public Owners self -esteem /ego Flat faces present health problems Celebrity owners BREEDERS High Volume High Welfare Low Volume Low Welfare Registered High Volume Low welfare Rescue Breeder education Imported People find flat-faced dogs adorable Breathing difficulties Eye problems Advertisers/ organisations use them to sell products and services Actions to influence demand Strategic approach of welfare organisations Achieve their charitable objectives Their incomes Owner education Dog-ED ltd ©2013 Breed standards for flat-faced dogs KC Breed watch Dental problems Whelping problems Concerns over health problems Breeding strategies Veterinary advice Veterinary reporting Veterinary treatment Veterinary knowledge and expertise Actions to influence supply Commission Research into health conditions Fund research Breeding Standard Veterinary education Professional pride and self esteem Veterinary income Competition to secure research funding Research into prevalence and impact of health conditions Research is published The Brachycephalic map Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013
- 7. The System that Builds Brachycephalic Dogs Puppy contract Low Volume High Welfare Show enthusiasts Not registered Joe public Owners self -esteem /ego Flat faces present health problems Celebrity owners BREEDERS High Volume High Welfare Low Volume Low Welfare Registered High Volume Low welfare Rescue Breeder education Imported People find flat-faced dogs adorable Breathing difficulties Eye problems Advertisers/ organisations use them to sell products and services Actions to influence demand Strategic approach of welfare organisations Achieve their charitable objectives Their incomes Owner education Dog-ED ltd ©2013 Breed standards for flat-faced dogs KC Breed watch Dental problems Whelping problems Concerns over health problems Breeding strategies Veterinary treatment Veterinary knowledge and expertise Veterinary education Professional pride and self esteem Veterinary income Competition to secure research funding Research into prevalence and impact of health conditions Research is published Finding the beat of the system Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013 Veterinary advice Veterinary reporting Actions to influence supply Commission Research into health conditions Fund research Breeding Standard
- 8. The System that Builds Brachycephalic Dogs Puppy contract Low Volume High Welfare Show enthusiasts Not registered Joe public Owners self -esteem /ego Flat faces present health problems Celebrity owners BREEDERS High Volume High Welfare Low Volume Low Welfare Registered High Volume Low welfare Rescue Breeder education Imported People find flat-faced dogs adorable Breathing difficulties Eye problems Advertisers/ organisations use them to sell products and services Actions to influence demand Strategic approach of welfare organisations Achieve their charitable objectives Their incomes Owner education Dog-ED ltd ©2013 Breed standards for flat-faced dogs KC Breed watch Dental problems Whelping problems Concerns over health problems Veterinary advice Veterinary reporting Veterinary knowledge and expertise Actions to influence supply Commission Research into health conditions Fund research Breeding Standard Veterinary treatment Veterinary education Professional pride and self esteem Veterinary income Competition to secure research funding Research into prevalence and impact of health conditions Research is published Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013 Breeding strategies
- 9. Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013
- 10. Who will lead? Who will need to change their behaviour? What information is needed? Building better Brachycephalics What veterinary & genetics tools will help? What interventions will work? What funding is required? Example: System-wide intervention Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013
- 11. Aspirational • Why? Guidance • How? Operational • What? Hot topic – 3 levels of design
- 13. D O G E D Conduct research into BOAS Share with key stakeholders Develop a Breed Health Strategy A Breed Health Strategy Collaborative planning Develop a Breed Health Scheme A Breed Health Scheme Clubs and Vets Owners participate in Health Scheme Develop education for all breeders Breeder Education resources Breeders Breeders breed more moderate dogs Develop guidance for exhibitors and judges Show guidance is available Exhibitors and Judges More moderate dogs win at shows Develop education for vets Vet Education resources Vets and Referral Specialists Vets provide advice to owners Develop education for owners Supply side BOAS Reports Owner Education resources Owners Owners provide a healthy lifestyle for their dogs Hot topic example Healthier Brachycephalics Guidance level
- 14. D O Develop an assessment framework A recognition system Promote the scheme to owners Promotional campaigns Conduct health assessments Assessment sessions & advice Publish health results Supply Side: “Develop a Breed Health Scheme” Vets available Develop a recognition system Reports available Review results and trends D Robust testing protocols Recruit and train vets E An assessment framework Develop testing protocols G Analysis and priorities known Healthier Brachycephalics Vets and owners Owners act on advice Hot topic example Operational level
- 15. Dog-ED role: 1. 2. 3. Apply Systems Thinking to a current “hot topic”; e.g. Building better Brachycephalics Build Systems Thinking capability into key stakeholder organisations and apply it on some joint working Develop a 3-5 year Strategic Change Programme for Canine Health and Welfare Improvement Facilitating Training/Coaching Consulting/Coaching Next steps; options…
- 16. Learn skills in individual Stakeholder organisations Apply skills in pilot joint “Quick Win” projects Build capability Apply skills in crossStakeholder “High Impact” projects
- 17. Leading on dog health and welfare Where are we now? What needs to be done by which part of the system? • Strengths • Commitment • Areas for • Focus improvement • Resources Implement all those actions • • • • • Review & Renew Research • Recognition “Fix” • Measurement Design Education Communication Change Programme
- 18. • De SAVIGNY and ADAM 2009 Systems thinking for health systems strengthening, World Health Organisation • MEADOWS D 2009 Thinking in Systems, Earthscan London • SENGE P 1990 The Fifth Discipline The Art and Practice of a Learning Organization, Century Business • SWANSON et al 2012 Rethinking health systems strengthening: key systems thinking tools and strategies for transformational change, Health Policy and Planning 27 iv 54 –iv 61 References Dog-ED Ltd. © 2013
Editor's Notes
- Finding simple, succinct definitions of systems thinking is not easy because by its nature it is a concept to help deal with complexity. However the above is a good one and is further elaborated on in the same World Health Organisation report“Systems thinking, a novel lens through which we can viewthe world, is a broad array of approaches and methods. Someapproaches, such as collaboration across disciplines and sectors,are well established in the health sector (though applied tovarious degrees), while many others, such as systems modellingtechniques (described in the research section below) are not aswell known or established”
- Systems thinking works to reveal the underlying characteristics and relationships of systems. Work in fields as diverseas engineering, economics and ecology shows systems to be constantly changing, with components that are tightlyconnected and highly sensitive to change elsewhere in the system. They are non-linear, unpredictable and resistantto change, with seemingly obvious solutions sometimes worsening a problem. Systems are dynamic architecturesof interactions and synergies. WHO 2009FOUR REVOLUTIONS THAT WILLTRANSFORM HEALTH AND HEALTHSYSTEMSThere are four revolutions currently underway that will transform health and health systems.These are the revolutions in: a) life sciences; b) information and communications technology;c) social justice and equity; and d) systems thinking to transcend complexity.Source: Frenk J. "Acknowledging the Past, Committing to the Future". Delivered September 5, 2008.Available at: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu /multimedia/JulioFrenk/FrenkRemarks.pdfItalics added for emphasis.
- Taken from Systems thinking for health systems strengthening edited by Don de Savigny and Taghreed Adam, World Health Organisation 2009.
- Key assumptions within Systems ThinkingLook beyond the players to the rules of the game (Donnella Meadows) and once you can understand the rules of the game you can intervene at the right place, with the right solution.More than one part of the system responsible for the properties of the system
- This is simply an illustration of what the “map” might look like – in a real application it needs to be created by collaborative brainstorming. But even as an illustration it demonstrates how useful the approach could be:It’s inclusive – all stakeholders should appear on the “map” – all have a valuable contribution to make to improving the system.Central to it, and central to all these maps has to be recognition that we are dealing with a supply demand exchange – and there are laws governing that – supply has to meet demand.It develops an understanding of the relationships between the parts of the system which is vital to effective intervention.It reveals the need for interdisciplinary approaches – in this case it is essential we learn how flat-faces impact the health of the dogs but it is also vital we understand why people desire flat-faced dogs.It is balanced because it explores both the supply and the demand side. Solutions are more likely to be balanced as a result which in turn should have a positive influence over collaborative working.It increases our chances of avoiding “blind alleys”.There is huge complexity tied up in this system, and duplication and wasted effort. However there are also massive resources, seriously talented people and a wealth and depth of expertise. AS well as collective passion.
- This is what we do know