1. Unit 15 Work
1

2. A. Jobs in a workplace
2

3. di__________
(=member
of
the
board
of
a
company)
ex__________
(=
important
person
who
makes
big
decisions)
ad__________
(=
person
who
runs
the
office
day-­‐to-­‐day)
sk_____
worker
(=
trained
to
do
specific
tasks,
e.g.
building
a
computer)
u_____
worker
(=
doing
a
job
that
needs
no
training)
3

4. director
(=member
of
the
board
of
a
company)
executive
(=
important
person
who
makes
big
decisions)
administrator
(=
person
who
runs
the
office
day-­‐to-­‐day)
skilled
worker
(=
trained
to
do
specific
tasks,
e.g.
building
a
computer)
unskilled
worker
(=
doing
a
job
that
needs
no
training)
4

5. r__________
(=
visitors
must
check
in
with
them)
p_____
r_____
o_____
(=
important
person
who
makes
big
decisions)
u__________
r__________
(=
look
after
the
staff’s
interests)
r__________
(=
investigates
and
develops
new
products)
su__________
(=
makes
sure
workers
are
doing
their
job
properly)
5

6. receptionist
(=
visitors
must
check
in
with
them)
public
relations
officer
(=
important
person
who
makes
big
decisions)
union
representative(=
look
after
the
staff’s
interests)
researcher
(=
investigates
and
develops
new
products)
supervisor
(=
makes
sure
workers
are
doing
their
job
properly)
6

7. B. Trades and professions
7

8. B.1. Professions
(= jobs that require considerable
training and/or qualifications)
8

9. c_____
s_____
(=
person
who
works
for
a
government
department
putting
policies
into
action)
sc_____
(=
an
expert
who
studies
or
works
in
one
of
the
sciences)
ph__________(=
person
who
treats
muscle
injury
by
rubbing
and
moving
injured
areas)
d__________
(=
a
person
who
imagines
how
something
could
be
made
and
draws
plans
for
it)
j__________
(=
person
who
takes
decisions
in
legal
cases)
•
9

10. civil
servant
(=
person
who
works
for
a
government
department
putting
policies
into
action)
scientist
(=
an
expert
who
studies
or
works
in
one
of
the
sciences)
physiotherapist(=
person
who
treats
muscle
injury
by
rubbing
and
moving
injured
areas)
designer
(=
a
person
who
imagines
how
something
could
be
made
and
draws
plans
for
it)
judge
(=
person
who
takes
decisions
in
legal
cases)
•
10

11. l__________
(=
university
teacher)
a__________
(=
chief
diplomat
or
person
representing
his/her
government
abroad)
b__________
(=
someone
with
an
important
position
in
a
bank)
e_________
(=
expert
in
financial
matters)
11

12. lecturer
(=
university
teacher)
ambassador
(=
chief
diplomat
or
person
representing
his/her
government
abroad)
banker
(=
someone
with
an
important
position
in
a
bank)
economist
(=
expert
in
financial
matters)
12

13. B.2. Trades
(= skilled manual jobs requiring on-the-job and
other training)
13

14. fi__________
(=
person
who
extinguishes
a
fire)
e__________
(=
person
who
deals
with
electricity)
c__________
(=
person
skilled
at
making
things
with
wood)
p_________
(=
person
who
works
with
the
supply
and
connection
of
water
pipes)
ch_________
(=
person
looking
after
others’children
in
her
own
home
while
their
parents
are
at
work)
14

15. firefighter
(=
person
who
extinguishes
a
fire)
electrician
(=
person
who
deals
with
electricity)
carpenter
(=
person
skilled
at
making
things
with
wood)
plumber
(=
person
who
works
with
the
supply
and
connection
of
water
pipes)
childminder
(=
person
looking
after
others’children
in
her
own
home
while
their
parents
are
at
work)
15

16. C. Collocations of words
connected with work
16

17. It’s
not
easy
to
g_____/f_____
w_____
round
these
parts.
17

18. It’s
not
easy
to
get/find
work
round
these
parts.
18

19. I’ve
been
off_____
_____/
a
_____
in
Paris.
19

20. I’ve
been
offered
work/
a
job
in
Paris.
20

21. John
:
What
d’you
……………………?
Kate
:
I’m
__________
publ__________/
bank__________.
21

22. John
:
What
d’you
for
a
living?
Kate
:
I’m
in
publishing/
banking.
22

23. It’s
hard
to
__________
a
__________
as
a
freelance
writer
(=
earn
enough
money
to
live
comfortably)
23

24. It’s
hard
to
make
a
living
as
a
freelance
writer
(=
earn
enough
money
to
live
comfortably)
24

25. She’s
not
prepared
to
t__________
on
that
job.(=
suggests
‘having
personal
responsibility)
25

26. She’s
not
prepared
to
take
on
that
job.(=
suggests
‘having
personal
responsibility)
26

27. C.1. Hours of work
27

28. Both
sh__________work
and
long
work
hours
have
been
associated
with
health
and
safety
risks
(=
nights
one
week,
days
the
next
week)
28

29. Both
shiftwork
and
long
work
hours
have
been
associated
with
health
and
safety
risks
(=
nights
one
week,
days
the
next
week)
29

30. How
many
people
do
you
know
that
__________
shiftwork?(=
nights
one
week,
days
the
next
week)
How
many
people
do
you
know
that
w__________
sh__________?(=
nights
one
week,
days
the
next
week)
30

31. How
many
people
do
you
know
that
do
shiftwork?(=
nights
one
week,
days
the
next
week)
How
many
people
do
you
know
that
work
shifts?(=
nights
one
week,
days
the
next
week)
31

32. _______________
is
a
scheme
that
lets
you
choose
when
you
start
and
finish
work,
within
certain
limits
agreed
with
your
employer.
32

33. Flexi-­‐time
(Flexitime)
is
a
scheme
that
lets
you
choose
when
you
start
and
finish
work,
within
certain
limits
agreed
with
your
employer.
33

34. I
used
to
work
nights,
but
now
I
have
a
……………………………………………job.(=
regular
day
work)
34

35. I
used
to
work
nights,
but
now
I
have
a
nine-­‐to-­‐five
job.(=
regular
day
work)
35

36. _______________ nine-to-five ... what a way
to make a living? Or a lame, outdated
concept? (=
regular
day
work)
36

37. Working nine-to-five ... what a way to make a
living? Or a lame, outdated concept? (=
regular
day
work)
37

38. C.2. Not working
38

39. Thousands
of
Jobcentre
staff
will
…………………………………
on
Monday
in
a
long-­‐
running
row
over
"oppressive
working
conditions
and
unrealistic
targets".(=
industrial
dispute)
39

40. Thousands
of
Jobcentre
staff
will
go
on
strike
on
Monday
in
a
long-­‐running
r o w
o v e r
" o p p r e s s i v e
w o r k i n
g
conditions
and
unrealistic
targets".(=
industrial
dispute)
40

41. The
reason
there
are
no
buses
is
because
the
drivers
……………
(=
industrial
dispute)
41

42. The
reason
there
are
no
buses
is
because
the
drivers
are
on
strike
(=
industrial
dispute)
42

43. Wilkins:
Benitez
won't
g__________
the
s__________
(=
thrown
out
of
your
job)
at
Chelsea
The
former
Stamford
Bridge
assistant
argues
that
it
is
"totally
out
of
the
question"
to
suggest
that
Roman
Abramovich
would
f__________
(=
more
formal
for
being
thrown
out
of
your
job)
the
52-­‐year-­‐old
before
the
end
of
the
season.
43

44. Wilkins:
Benitez
won't
get
the
sack
(=
thrown
out
of
your
job)
at
Chelsea
The
former
Stamford
Bridge
assistant
argues
that
it
is
"totally
out
of
the
question"
to
suggest
that
Roman
Abramovich
would
fire
(=
more
formal
for
being
thrown
out
of
your
job)
the
52-­‐year-­‐old
before
the
end
of
the
season.
44

45. You’re
f__________
!(=
remove
someone
from
their
job)
45

46. To
keep
the
company
alive,
half
the
workforce
is
being
m______
r________.
(=
having
lost
your
job
because
your
employer
no
longer
needs
you)
46

47. To
keep
the
company
alive,
half
the
workforce
is
being
made
redundant.
(=
having
lost
your
job
because
your
employer
no
longer
needs
you)
47

48. Because
of
falling
orders,
the
company
has
been
forced
to
__________
off
several
hundred
workers.(=
more
informal
than
‘make
redundant)
48

49. Because
of
falling
orders,
the
company
has
been
forced
to
lay
off
several
hundred
workers.(=
more
informal
than
‘make
redundant)
49

50. What
to
do
if
you
are
l__________
__________?(=
more
informal
than
‘make
redundant)
50

51. What
to
do
if
you
are
laid
off?(=
more
informal
than
‘make
redundant)
51

52. Learn
your
rights
as
a
pregnant
working
woman
and
your
m__________
l__________
rights.(=
before/after
the
birth
of
a
baby)
52

53. Learn
your
rights
as
a
pregnant
working
woman
and
your
maternity
leave
rights.(=
before/after
the
birth
of
a
baby)
53

54. I
was
__________
maternity
leave
for
three
months.(=
before/after
the
birth
of
a
baby)
54

55. I
was
on
maternity
leave
for
three
months.(=
before/after
the
birth
of
a
baby)
55

56. I
__________
maternity
leave
for
three
months.
(=
before/after
the
birth
of
a
baby)
56

57. I
took
maternity
leave
for
three
months.
(=
before/after
the
birth
of
a
baby)
57

58. __________
leave
is
the
time
a
father
takes
off
work
at
the
birth
or
adoption
of
a
child.
This
kind
of
leave
is
rarely
paid.
58

59. Paternity
leave
is
the
time
a
father
takes
off
work
at
the
birth
or
adoption
of
a
child.
This
kind
of
leave
is
rarely
paid.
59

60. I
am
__________
__________
__________.
Can
my
boss
call
me
and
talk
about
work?
Can
my
boss
call
me
at
home
and
ask
me
to
call
a
supplier?
He
seems
to
think
that
just
because
I
am
off
for
2
weeks
because
of
a
small
operation
on
my
shoulder,
that
I
am
able
to
talk
and
therefore
able
to
work
on
the
phone.
He
wasn't
happy
when
I
said
no.
60

61. I
am
on
sick
leave.
Can
my
boss
call
me
and
talk
about
work?
Can
my
boss
call
me
at
home
and
ask
me
to
call
a
supplier?
He
seems
to
think
that
just
because
I
am
off
for
2
weeks
because
of
a
small
operation
on
my
shoulder,
that
I
am
able
to
talk
and
therefore
able
to
work
on
the
phone.
He
wasn't
happy
when
I
said
no.
61

62. Physicians
seem
to
have
problems
in
accepting
their
own
illness,
and
they
tend
to
avoid
__________
sick
leave.
62

63. Physicians
seem
to
have
problems
in
accepting
their
own
illness,
and
they
tend
to
avoid
taking
sick
leave.
63

64. You
can
take
__________
__________
from
the
age
of
55.
(=
stop
working)
64

65. You
can
take
early
retirement
from
the
age
of
55.
(=
stop
working)
65

66. C.3. Other useful
expressions
66

67. How
do
I
know
if
I'm
a
__________?
Do
you
get
more
excited
about
your
work
than
about
family
or
anything
else?
(=
love
work
too
much)
67

68. How
do
I
know
if
I'm
a
workaholic?
Do
you
get
more
excited
about
your
work
than
about
family
or
anything
else?
(=
love
work
too
much)
68

69. When
your
colleague
becomes
your
boss
or
when
you
are
__________
and
are
asked
to
supervise
former
colleagues,
you're
facing
one
of
the
toughest
situations
there
is.(=
get
a
higher
position)
69

70. When
your
colleague
becomes
your
boss
or
when
you
are
promoted
and
are
asked
to
supervise
former
colleagues,
you're
facing
one
of
the
toughest
situations
there
is.(=
get
a
higher
position)
70

71. I
have
worked
in
shops
before
back
home
but
I'm
wondering
about
the
real
life
difficulties
of
working
as
a
sales
assistant
in
a
department
store
here.
You
see,
I'm
__________
__________
such
a
position
solely
based
on
my
retail
experience
and
I'm
a
bit
worried
about
vocabulary
specific
to
the
job.
I
have
a
fairly
good
standard
of
French
for
day
to
day
stuff,
but
I've
never
really
spoken
at
length
or
in
great
detail
about
specific
subjects.
(=
write
application
letters,
fill
in
application
forms,
etc.)
71

72. I
have
worked
in
shops
before
back
home
but
I'm
wondering
about
the
real
life
difficulties
of
working
as
a
sales
assistant
in
a
department
store
here.
You
see,
I'm
applying
for
such
a
position
solely
based
on
my
retail
experience
and
I'm
a
bit
worried
about
vocabulary
specific
to
the
job.
I
have
a
fairly
good
standard
of
French
for
day
to
day
stuff,
but
I've
never
really
spoken
at
length
or
in
great
detail
about
specific
subjects.
(=
write
application
letters,
fill
in
application
forms,
etc.)
72