City Speak XII - Water We Drink: LT Ma of Water Supplies Department

CitySpeak : The Water We Drink Water Supplies in Hong Kong Presented by LT MA Director, Water Supplies Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region 15 May 2010

Basic Information
Area: approximate 1,100 km 2
Population: approximate 7million
Climate: Subtropical
Rainy seasons: April – September
Average annual rainfall: 2,380 mm
Fresh water consumption in 2009 : 952 million cubic metres (mcm)

Current Water Supply Arrangement
Dongjiang (DJ) water : 70% – 80% of demand
Local yield : 20% – 30% of demand
Ultimate DJ supply arrangement of 1,100 mcm per annum can meet the demand in the next 20 years or more

Per Capita Consumption Source : Liquid Assets, Civic Exchange Source: Amsterdam/Netherlands & Sydney/Australia - Brochure on International Statistics for Water Services by the International Water Association Specialist Group on Statistics and Economics (2008) New York/USA - New York City 2008 Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report Los Angeles/USA – Los Angeles Department of Water & Power (2007-08)

Per Capita Consumption (2) Note : There is room for reduction in per capita consumption in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong’s Water Supply History Year No. of Days with Full Supply 365 273 182 91 0 1939 1934 1946 1950 1955 2000 1965 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1970 1960 2005 War Time (No Records) 1935 2009

Supply of DJ Water to Hong Kong
1960 first agreement – delivering 22.7 million cubic metres (mcm) from Shenzhen Reservoir
8 agreements up to now – Signed in 1960, 1964, 1978, 1987, 1989, 1998, 2006 and 2008
2006 and 2008 agreements adopted the package deal lump sum approach – no pre-determined supply quantity subject to annual ceiling of 820 mcm
Ultimate supply quantity = 1,100 mcm

Supply of DJ Water To Hong Kong
1963 severe drought in GD and HK
GD Provincial government allowed HK to take water from Pearl River Outlet by tankers
GD Province agreed to construct the Dongshen Water Supply Scheme for transferring water from DJ to HK
Premier ZHOU Enlai endorsed the project in 1963
Raw water began to supply to HK in March 1965

Supply of DJ Water To Hong Kong Source : Commemorative publications on the Dongshen Water Supply Improvement Project

Guangdong Province Dongjiang Basin Water Resource Distribution Plan
Promulgated in 2008 by GD Provincial government
Distribution principle – fairness, sustainability in development and utilisation, conservation and protection, prioritised potable and ecological uses, dual control covering both water quantity and quality
8 cities covered – Guangzhou (part), Shenzhen, Shaoguan (part), Meizhou (part), Heyuan, Huizhou, Dongguan, HK

Guangdong Province Dongjiang Basin Water Resource Distribution Plan
DJ average annual flow amount – 32,660 mcm
Distribution Limit – 10,664 mcm (32.7%)
HK’s share – 1,100 mcm (3.4%)
Area of DJ basin – 35,340 km 2
Mainly served – Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Heyuan, Huizhou, Dongguan and HK
Total population served – about 40 million (including HK)

Guangdong Province Dongjiang Basin Water Resource Distribution Plan 10,664 Total 1,100 Hong Kong 1,663 Shenzhen 1,362 Guangzhou 2,095 Dongguan 2,533 Huizhou 122 Shaoguan 1,763 Heyuan 26 Meizhou (million cubic metres) 　 Distributed quantity 　 Normal Year Region

Water quality monitoring
The quality complies with the national “Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water, GB3838-2002” set out for Type II water
Continuous on-line monitoring at Muk Wu Pumping Station
Regular on-site sampling and monitoring
Regular exchange of monitoring information
Regular publishing of monitoring data at WSD web site

GD Province’s commitment
Enactment of the new “GD Province DJ, Xijiang, Beijiang, Hanjiang Basins Water Resource Management Regulation” in 2008
Implementation of the DJ Water Quantity and Quality Monitoring and Control System for completion in 2011
Enhancement of regulation plan for the 3 large reservoirs of DJ Basin – Xinfengjiang, Fengshuba and Baipenzhu
Strengthening of administrative measures for protection of water resource in DJ Basin

Drought in 1963 – Most Severe in Last Century

Effect of Climate Change in the 21 st Century
Effect of climate change  UNCERTAIN AT THIS STAGE
Frequency of drought is forecast to increase in the 21 st century (1)
Response to Climate Change – Total Water Management
(1) Source : T.C. Lee, W.H. Leung & E.W.L. Ginn (2009). “Rainfall Projections for Hong Kong based on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report". Hong Kong Meteorological Society

Total Water Management (TWM)
We implement TWM to better prepare Hong Kong for the uncertainties of climate change
TWM is a concept for managing water resources in all aspects
In addition, it will enhance Hong Kong’s role as a good partner with other cities in PRD in promoting sustainable use of water resources

TWM Strategy
The TWM Strategy is to manage water demand and supply in an integrated, multi-sectoral and sustainable manner
The TWM Strategy:
Put emphasis on containing growth of water demand through conservation
Strengthen water supply management

Water Conservation Activities Water Conservation Starts from Home Campaign

Water Conservation Activities Press Briefing on School Water Audit

Water Conservation Activities School Water Audit

Water Conservation Activities Dow Live Earth Run for Water Hong Kong

Water Conservation Activities City Millenium Dream 2010 - Water Saviour

Water Conservation Activities Press Briefing on “Twin Tank Water Supply System” and “Quality Water Recognition Scheme for Buildings”

Total Water Management strategy
Water Demand Measures
Enhance public education on water conservation
Promote use of water saving device
Enhance water leakage control
Extend use of seawater for toilet flushing
2. Total Water Management for Hong Kong

Total Water Management strategy
Water Supply Measures
Strengthen protection of water resources
Actively consider water reclamation
Develop the option of seawater desalination
Ngong Ping Sewage Treatment Works Pilot Desalination Plant at Ap Lei Chau (already demolished) 2. Total Water Management for Hong Kong

Continuous Monitoring and Review
The TWM Strategy will form the foundation for future review
Continuous monitoring of the state of water demand and supply in Hong Kong
Initiate new measures to meet challenges and optimise utilization and development of water resources

Thank You

City Speak XII - Water We Drink: LT Ma of Water Supplies Department

by DesigningHongKong on May 26, 2010

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