The Digital Arts and Humanities PhD Structured Programme welcomed Dr Eoin O'Dell to the Royal Irish Academy for a discussion on all things "copyright" for the digital arts and humanities. Abstract: Copyright functions both to enable and to curtail the development of digital arts and humanities. On the one hand, it incentives and rewards the creation of original literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works, sound recordings, films, and so on. On the other hand, by protecting such works, it precludes derivative works and downstream innovation. This talk will look at the extent to which copyright legislation in Ireland and Europe achieves an appropriate balance between these two competing ends, and at whether currently mooted reform proposals are likely to improve that balance.

1. Copyright for
the Digital Arts
and Humanities
Dr Eoin O’Dell (TCD)

2. http://dahphd.ie/ & https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Copyright_crystal_orange.png & https://pixabay.com/en/neon-four-numbers-numerals-sign-145088/

3. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/digital-humanities-irelands-opportunity.pdf

4. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/digital-humanities-irelands-opportunity.pdf

5. Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikeblogs/3020135605/
So, just what is
?

6. Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000
Image source: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2000/en/act/pub/0028/index.html

7. Image source: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/copyright/copyright-infso/index_en.htm
Directive 2001/29/EC

8. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Berne_Convention_signatories.svg http://www.clker.com/clipart-red-pin-no-shadow.html http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en
Berne 1886

9. Section 17(2)(a) CRRA
Image source: https://pixabay.com/en/stamp-characters-label-original-143192/
literary
dramatic
musical
artistic
works

10. Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Work_sign_(Israel_road_sign).png
Where the work is made
by an employee,
copyright vests in the
employer
subject to any agreement
to the contrary
Section 23(1)(a) CRRA

11. copy
make
available
adapt
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xerox_914.jpg
Section 37(1) CRRA

12. copy
make
available
adapt
Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Irish_Drivers_Licence.jpg
Section 37(1) CRRA

13. copy
make
available
adapt
Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Irish_Drivers_Licence.jpg
Section 37(1) CRRA

14. copy
make
available
adapt
Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Irish_Drivers_Licence.jpg
Section 37(1) CRRA

15. Image source: http://sarahscurr.co.uk/portfolio/#jp-carousel-310
Story source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/11379383/How-an-incredible-coincidence-sparked-a-Facebook-plagiarism-row.html
Winner: round 36 of
the Telegraph's Big
Picture photography
competition in 2009
Sarah Scurr, UK
San Rafael Glacier
Northern Patagonian Ice Field

16. This is my own
“non-Photoshopped
original”
Marisol Ortiz Elfeldt, Chile
San Rafael Glacier
Northern Patagonian Ice Field
Image source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1536037486671811&set=a.1473317139610513.1073741827.100007967238410&type=1
Story source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/11379383/How-an-incredible-coincidence-sparked-a-Facebook-plagiarism-row.html

17. Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caledonian_Star_in_Paradise_Bay.jpg


18. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/Going-Digital-digital-version.pdf

19. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/Going-Digital-digital-version.pdf
GOING DIGITAL
CREATING CHANGE IN THE HUMANITIES
Standards
Metadata,
Vocabularies,
Ontologies .

20. Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/crc_consultation_paper.pdf & http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf

21. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/digital-humanities-irelands-opportunity.pdfImage source:
Digital technologies can also
be used to create new or
augmented artefacts in the
humanities

22. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/digital-humanities-irelands-opportunity.pdfImage source:
Q: what are the copyright
implications of digitisation
of late C20th archive
photographs for online
exhibitions?

23. Image source: https://twitter.com/TheEllenShow/status/440322224407314432

24. Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfie#mediaviewer/File:Macaca_nigra_self-portrait.jpg

25. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

26. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

27. life of
author
plus
70
years
(in the EU)
Section 24(1) CRRA
James Joyce died
13 January 1941
Image source: http://www.cearta.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/JoyceNWM.jpg

28. Image source: http://www.publicdomainday.org/sites/www.publicdomainday.eu/files/World_copyright-terms.jpg
Life plus 50 Life plus 70
Life plus ≥90

29. Image source: http://geek-and-poke.com/geekandpoke/2006/10/15/copyright-and-academic-freedom.html

30. Image source: http://1641.tcd.ie/index.php

31. Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dynamosquito/4265771518
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
born 22 May 1859
died 7 July 1930
PD EU 1 Jan 2001

32. Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dynamosquito/4265771518
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
born 22 May 1859
died 7 July 1930
US pre 1 Jan 1923
now in public domain
comprising 4 novels
and 46 stories

33. Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dynamosquito/4265771518
In the Company
of Sherlock Holmes.
Stories Inspired by
the Holmes Canon
Laurie R King &
Leslie S Klinger (eds)
(Pegasus Books,
2014)

34. Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dynamosquito/4265771518
Klinger v Doyle Estate
10 stories in copyright
until c.2021
CA 7th Cir
16 Jun 2014
(Posner J)
Cert denied
3 Nov 2014

35. Image source: http://dh.tcd.ie/letters1916/

36. Image source: http://dh.tcd.ie/letters1916/about/copyright/

37. Image source: http://dh.tcd.ie/letters1916/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/700f51988406f6e7e20de7a658e7c7c0-279x300.jpg
Letter
from
James Stephens
to
John MacDonagh
dated
24 August 1916

38. Image source: http://dh.tcd.ie/letters1916/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/700f51988406f6e7e20de7a658e7c7c0-279x300.jpg
Assume an unpublished 1916 diary
If diarist died on or before 31 December
1944
Then the text is no longer within copyright
Transcribed in 1916
Is this just a copy of the original?
Is this an infringing copy?
Does this create a new copyright work?
If transcriber died in 1958
Then any copyright will persist until
1 January 2029

39. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links
@cearta for @TLRHub on #CopyEdDis

40. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

41. Image source: https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BqIJ-aFCcAAAr9c.jpg via https://twitter.com/xor/status/477955490719092736/photo/1

42. Image sources: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Internet2.jpg and http://pixabay.com/en/public-domain-sign-symbol-icon-98568/
≠
No CRRA copyright waiver provisions
But possible on general principles

43. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

44. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

45. Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/5265955179/sizes/o/

46. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/digital-humanities-irelands-opportunity.pdfImage source:
A key enabler for Open Data is
sustained e-infrastructures with
data management planning and
digital preservation of the
holdings.

47. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/Going-Digital-digital-version.pdf
GOING DIGITAL
CREATING CHANGE IN THE HUMANITIES
Recommendation:
Encourage openness
Open Access to data and
infrastructures enables enhanced
research, research integrity and
cost-effectiveness.

48. Image source: http://psi.gov.ie/

49. Image source: http://psi.gov.ie/& http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:175:0001:0008:EN:PDF
Directive 2003/98/EC
SI No 279 of 2005
Circular 32/05
Exempt incl cultural
institutions, eg libraries,
museums, archives
Assimilating

50. Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/spiritual_marketplace/2273665053
You will be assimilated
Resistance is futile

51. Assimilating cultural institutions,
but with some special rules
Not a full right to reuse cultural
institutions’ documents
Only documents where reuse has
previously been allowed are
reusable
Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/spiritual_marketplace/2273665053 (detail)

52. Assimilating cultural institutions,
but with some special rules
Cultural institutions can charge
re-users based on the principle
of full costs recovery, including
a reasonable return on
investment.
Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/spiritual_marketplace/2273665053 (detail)

53. Assimilating cultural institutions,
but with some special rules
Cultural institutions may engage
in the award of exclusive
exploitation rights if necessary to
ensure digitization projects.
Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/spiritual_marketplace/2273665053 (detail)

54. Image source: http://data.gov.ie/

55. Image source: http://www.per.gov.ie/minister-howlin-launches-open-data-licences-paper-for-public-consultation-at-public-service-seminar/
Minister launches Open Data Licences paper for
public consultation at a Public Service seminar

56. Image source: http://dublindashboard.ie/pages/index

57. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

58. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

59. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Insurance_contract.jpg & http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Samuel_Goldwyn_001.jpg

60. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Insurance_contract.jpg & https://www.flickr.com/photos/everydaylifemodern/1296418097

61. Image source: http://chrishadfield.ca/space-oddity/
And now, we are
so happy to be
able to announce
that my on-orbit
cover of Space
Oddity is back up
on YouTube. This
time we have a
new 2-year
agreement, and it
is there, for free,
for everyone.

62. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

63. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

64. Image source: http://www.ifrro.org/members/irish-copyright-licensing-agency used by kind permission of the ICLA

65. Image source: https://creativecommons.org & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license

66. Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring#/media/File:TailoringFirstFitFront01.jpg
Bespoke
licence

67. Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring#/media/File:TailoringFirstFitFront01.jpg
Bespoke
licence
Example
A repository could license a
data set for “teaching and
research purposes only”
And have this bespoke
“teaching and research
purposes” licence as part of a
suite of licences available on a
drop-down menu

68. Image source: https://pixabay.com/en/photography-permit-photographer-507776/

69. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

70. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

71. Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/28/Smithfieldhorse.jpg
Part II Chapter 6 CRRA
Fair
Dealing

72. Image source: https://books.google.ie/
estimated 30 million
retro-digitised books
is only the publicly
known side of large
scale cultural corpora.

73. Section 52(1) CRRA
incidental inclusion
Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Penyulap/Barnstars#/media/File:Starry-night-in-moma-gallery.jpg

74. Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Penyulap/Barnstars#/media/File:Starry-night-in-moma-gallery.jpg
Q: can a production company use the cover of a
book or the cover of a sound recording as part
of a film or TV documentary?

75. Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Penyulap/Barnstars#/media/File:Starry-night-in-moma-gallery.jpg
Fraser-Woodward Ltd v BBC
[2005] EWHC 472 (Ch) (23 March 2005)

76. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/digital-humanities-irelands-opportunity.pdfImage source:
Once rendered into digital
format, artefacts and records
become a new and rich source
of information for scholarship
that can be interrogated and
mined in illuminating ways

77. Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/crc_consultation_paper.pdf & http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf

78. Image source: via http://www.pixabay.com & http://www.dataiq.co.uk
Content
Mining

79. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/digital-humanities-irelands-opportunity.pdfImage source:

80. Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/crc_consultation_paper.pdf & http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf

81. Heritage
• Format shifting for archival or
preservation purposes
• Catalogues
• Digital deposit
• Public lectures
Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/hannesambrosch/8754871950/sizes/o/
Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums

82. Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_kennington_orphans_1885.jpg
The European
Union (Certain
Permitted Uses of
Orphan Works)
Regulations 2014
(SI 490 of 2014)
Transposing Directive
2012/28/EU of 25 October
2012 on certain permitted
uses of orphan works
In force since 29 October
2014

83. Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/crc_consultation_paper.pdf & http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf

84. Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_kennington_orphans_1885.jpg
Q: If a firm closes
down, but the heirs to
the founders of the
firm are still alive,
what’s the status of
that firm’s business
records? Are they
orphan works, since
the firm closed down,
or do the heirs hold
the copyright to those
records?

85. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/Going-Digital-digital-version.pdf
GOING DIGITAL
CREATING CHANGE IN THE HUMANITIES
Long-term
Digital Preservation

86. Image source: http://www.psdgraphics.com/file/gold-copyright-symbol.jpg
Q Do you want to use others’ data?
A Old
Public Domain
Public sector data
Permission
Licences
Exceptions
Links

87. a clickable link is a
‘communication’ but
not “to a new ‘public’ ”
Svensson v
Retriever Sverige AB
Case C-466/12
CJEU 13 Feb 2014 [25]
Image source: http://books.google.ie/books?id=hxxAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA385#v=onepage&q&f=false

88. Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/crc_consultation_paper.pdf & http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf

89. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/Going-Digital-digital-version.pdf
GOING DIGITAL
CREATING CHANGE IN THE HUMANITIES
Linked Data is data published
on the Web following a set of
principles designed to promote
linking between entities on the
Web. …. It is set to become a
formal standard of the W3C
and will be a fundamental part
of the future of the Web.

90. Image source: http://lod-cloud.net/
Data sets and their connections
August 2014

91. http://www.europeanaconnect.eu/img/46-63-europeana-group.jpg & http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/Going-Digital-digital-version.pdf
Europeana
is piloting
Linked
Data to
encourage
exchange
and re-use
of its data

92. Image source: http://dri.ie/sites/default/files/files/digital-humanities-irelands-opportunity.pdfImage source:

93. Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/crc_consultation_paper.pdf & http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf

94. Image source: https://pixabay.com/en/copyright-stars-european-circle-40632/

95. Image source: http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm
… as part of the Digital Single Market
Strategy, the Commission will …
modernise EU legislation on copyright

96. Standing Committee on Copyright and Related
Rights: Thirtieth Session (Geneva, Switzerland)
29 June 2015 to 3 July 2015
7. Limitations and exceptions for libraries and
archives
8. Limitations and exceptions for educational
and research institutions …
Image source: http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/details.jsp?meeting_id=35590

97. Image source: http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2980019

98. Image source: http://www.dri.ie/public-lecture-copyright-digital-arts-and-humanities-dr-eoin-odell

99. Image: http://pixabay.com/en/thank-you-thanks-official-card-603996/
QUESTIONS?