På sporet efter hinanden – om Web 2.0 og social navigation Lennart Björneborn Danmarks Biblioteksskole [email_address] Forskningens Døgn 25.4 2008

muskrat-john.livejournal.com : 11.1.2008

“ Nye teknologier forandrer strukturen i vore interesser: - de ting, vi tænker over . De forandrer karakteren af vore symboler: - de ting, vi tænker med .” Neil Postman, Teknopolis , 1993

“ Nye teknologier forandrer strukturen i vore interesser: - de ting, vi tænker over .

De forandrer karakteren af vore symboler: - de ting, vi tænker med .”

Ericsson Medialab Internet = computer -netværk

WWW = dokument -netværk www.cybergeography.org/atlas/

Adamic et al. (2003). A social network caught in the Web Web 2.0 = person -netværk

Web 2.0 = “ participative Web ” = “architecture of participation” Web 2.0 = buzzword: Tim O’Reilly 2004 Web 2.0 = “ user-added value” Web 2.0 = connect + create + collaborate + share + remix + .. blogs, RSS, wikis, tagging, folksonomier, mashups, mm. Web 2.0 = social web / social software Web 2.0 = Web “0.0” = Tim Berners-Lee’s idé med WWW 1990 redskaber til social interaktion, samarbejde og videndeling

Web 2.0 = “ participative Web ” = “architecture of participation”

Web 2.0 = buzzword: Tim O’Reilly 2004

Web 2.0 = “ user-added value”

Web 2.0 = connect + create + collaborate + share + remix + ..

blogs, RSS, wikis, tagging, folksonomier, mashups, mm.

Web 2.0 = social web / social software

Web 2.0 = Web “0.0” = Tim Berners-Lee’s idé med WWW 1990

redskaber til social interaktion, samarbejde og videndeling

social software ”… supports, extends, or derives added value from human social behaviour …” Tom Coates’ blog, 5.1.2005: www.plasticbag.org/archives/2005/01/an_addendum_to_a_definition_of_social_software

”… supports, extends, or derives added value from human social behaviour …” Tom Coates’ blog, 5.1.2005: www.plasticbag.org/archives/2005/01/an_addendum_to_a_definition_of_social_software

xkcd.com/c256.html

Martin Sønderlev 2007

” people attract people” Flickr: Roskilde festival

social navigation ’ social navigation’: konference 1994 “ moving through an information space and exploiting the activities and orientations of others in that space” (Dourish 2003) two fundamental features for social navigation: presence of multiple individuals within some space communication of aspects of their activity to each other (Dourish 2003)

’ social navigation’: konference 1994

“ moving through an information space and exploiting the activities and orientations of others in that space” (Dourish 2003)

two fundamental features for social navigation:

presence of multiple individuals within some space

communication of aspects of their activity to each other

(Dourish 2003)

information om hvad andre brugere gør – eller har gjort – guider vores vejvalg gennem info.rum vores info.adfærd påvirkes af andres info.adfærd hvor er andre? hvad laver de? hvor har andre været? hvad har de lavet? social navigation

information om hvad andre brugere gør – eller har gjort – guider vores vejvalg gennem info.rum

vores info.adfærd påvirkes af andres info.adfærd

hvor er andre? hvad laver de?

hvor har andre været? hvad har de lavet?

sociale navigations- muligheder i Facebook?

brugerskabte adfærdsspor / navigationsmuligheder = “2.0”-tilgang

flickrvision.com = adfærdsspor

adfærdsspor på biblioteker :-)

sociale navigations- muligheder i LibraryThing?

’ collaborative filtering’ indsamler mange personers adfærdspor ’ collaborative filtering’ = ’recommender system’ ’ data mining’ social navigation + collaborative filtering forudsætter at der er nok brugere: kritisk masse : “people who bought this book also bought…”

indsamler mange personers adfærdspor

’ collaborative filtering’ = ’recommender system’

’ data mining’

social navigation + collaborative filtering forudsætter at der er nok brugere: kritisk masse

: “people who bought this book also bought…”

collaborative filtering

social navigation i tag-netværk taggers tags taggees © Björneborn ’ multi-reachability’ = mange adgangsveje gennem info.rum = ’small world’ -afstande nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn

taggers

tags

taggees

‘ small-world’ -netværk ” hvor er verden dog lille!” – ”it’s a small world!” ‘ small world’ = korte afstande via genveje mellem klynger i netværk effektiv spredning af signaler, kontakter, ideer, vira, etc. 1960s: social netværksanalyse + grafteori: ’six degrees of separation’ i dag: ‘small world’ i epidemier, hjerner, øko-system, forskernetværk, mm. ‘ small-world’ mellem filmstjerner: www.cs.virginia.edu/oracle/star_links.html

” hvor er verden dog lille!” – ”it’s a small world!”

‘ small world’ = korte afstande via genveje mellem klynger i netværk

effektiv spredning af signaler, kontakter, ideer, vira, etc.

1960s: social netværksanalyse + grafteori: ’six degrees of separation’

i dag: ‘small world’ i epidemier, hjerner, øko-system, forskernetværk, mm.

‘ small-world’ mellem filmstjerner: www.cs.virginia.edu/oracle/star_links.html

Facebook ’ Friend Wheel’ 19.4.2008 36 friends

Facebook ’ Nexus’ 19.4.2008 36 friends

” the strength of weak ties” Granovetter (1973) social netværksanalyse videnspredning og social sammenhængskraft på tværs af sociale grupper ’ weak ties’ = perifere, ‘svage’ forbindelser mange i Facebook :-)

Granovetter (1973)

social netværksanalyse

videnspredning og social sammenhængskraft

på tværs af sociale grupper

’ weak ties’ = perifere, ‘svage’ forbindelser

mange i Facebook :-)

www = ‘corona’-formet (Björneborn 2004) ‘ reachability structures’ = hvordan kan man nå (‘reach’) fra et punkt til et andet?

social graph ” global mapping of everybody and how they are related” ( Fitzpatrick & Recordon 2007: Thoughts on the social graph) Web 2.0 = person-netværk = social graf

social graph

” global mapping of everybody and how they are related” ( Fitzpatrick & Recordon 2007: Thoughts on the social graph)

Google Social Graph API API = application programming interface coding publicly declared web connections XFN = XHTML Friends Network FOAF = ‘ Friend of a Friend’ project http://code.google.com/apis/socialgraph/docs/ ” social network portability”

Google Social Graph API

API = application programming interface

coding publicly declared web connections

XFN = XHTML Friends Network

FOAF = ‘ Friend of a Friend’ project

” social network portability”

Google OpenSocial API API = application programming interface API for “ social applications across multiple websites ” ” many sites, one API” f.eks. Friendster, LinkedIn, MySpace, Oracle, orkut, Plaxo på vej med Facebook applikationer (inkl. konverteringer) http://code.google.com/apis/opensocial/ ” social network portability”

Google OpenSocial API

API = application programming interface

API for “ social applications across multiple websites ”

” many sites, one API”

f.eks. Friendster, LinkedIn, MySpace, Oracle, orkut, Plaxo

på vej med Facebook applikationer (inkl. konverteringer)

http://code.google.com/apis/opensocial/

” social network portability”

” connecto ergo sum” Lennarts motto :-) tak for opmærksomheden! (M.C. Escher forudså, hvordan ’small-world web’ og web-crawlers ser ud :-)

” connecto ergo sum”

Lennarts motto :-)

tak for opmærksomheden!

(M.C. Escher forudså, hvordan ’small-world web’ og web-crawlers ser ud :-)

læs mere Dieberger, A. et al. (2000). Social navigation : techniques for building more usable systems. Interactions , 7(6), 36-45. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=352587 [via DEFF?] Dourish, P. (2003). Where the footprints lead: tracking down other roles for social navigation. pp. 273-291. In: Höök, K. et al. (eds.). Designing information Spaces: the Social Navigation Approach . London: Springer Ludvigsen, M. (2005). Designing for social use in public places – a conceptual framework of social interaction. pp. 187-202. In: Ludvigsen (2006). Designing for Social Interaction : Physical, Co-located Social Computing . Ph.d.-afhandling. Aarhus School of Architecture & ISIS Katrinebjerg, Center for Interactive Spaces. http://www.nordes.org/upload/papers/129.pdf

Dieberger, A. et al. (2000). Social navigation : techniques for building more usable systems. Interactions , 7(6), 36-45. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=352587 [via DEFF?]

Dourish, P. (2003). Where the footprints lead: tracking down other roles for social navigation. pp. 273-291. In: Höök, K. et al. (eds.). Designing information Spaces: the Social Navigation Approach . London: Springer

Ludvigsen, M. (2005). Designing for social use in public places – a conceptual framework of social interaction. pp. 187-202. In: Ludvigsen (2006). Designing for Social Interaction : Physical, Co-located Social Computing . Ph.d.-afhandling. Aarhus School of Architecture & ISIS Katrinebjerg, Center for Interactive Spaces. http://www.nordes.org/upload/papers/129.pdf

ekstra

III International Information Infrastructure WWW GGG World-Wide Web Giant Global Graph (Berners-Lee 2007)

social software ” It allows people to communicate, collaborate, and build community online.” ” It can be syndicated, shared, reused, or remixed, or it facilitates syndication.” ” It lets people learn easily from and capitalize on the behavior or knowledge of others.” Farkas , Meredith G. (2007). Social Software in Libraries : Building Collaboration, Communication, and Community Online . Medford, N.J.: Information Today

” It allows people to communicate, collaborate, and build community online.”

” It can be syndicated, shared, reused, or remixed, or it facilitates syndication.”

” It lets people learn easily from and capitalize on the behavior or knowledge of others.” Farkas , Meredith G. (2007). Social Software in Libraries : Building Collaboration, Communication, and Community Online . Medford, N.J.: Information Today

“ Social Software Building Blocks” (Smith 2007) http://nform.ca/publications/social-software-building-block

Identity - uniquely identifying people in the system Presence - knowing who is online, available or otherwise nearby Relationships - describing how two users in the system are related Conversations - talking to other people through the system Groups - forming communities of interest Reputation - knowing the status of other people in the system - who can be trusted? Sharing - sharing things that are meaningful to participants “ Social Software Building Blocks” sociale ’byggesten’ skaber sociale navigationsmuligheder

Identity - uniquely identifying people in the system

Presence - knowing who is online, available or otherwise nearby

Relationships - describing how two users in the system are related

Conversations - talking to other people through the system

Groups - forming communities of interest

Reputation - knowing the status of other people in the system - who can be trusted?

Sharing - sharing things that are meaningful to participants

Facebook

direkte/indirekte social navigation direkte social navigation via fysiske informationsrum ansigt-til-ansigt via digitale informationsrum fx videokonference, chat, email, sms, SecondLife indirekte social navigation = efterladte adfærdsspor via fysiske informationsrum fx nyafleverede bøger, ’æselører’, andre brugeres placering via digitale informationsrum fx links, tags, rating, kommentarer, andre brugeres placering © Björneborn

direkte social navigation

via fysiske informationsrum

ansigt-til-ansigt

via digitale informationsrum

fx videokonference, chat, email, sms, SecondLife

indirekte social navigation

= efterladte adfærdsspor

via fysiske informationsrum

fx nyafleverede bøger, ’æselører’, andre brugeres placering

via digitale informationsrum

fx links, tags, rating, kommentarer, andre brugeres placering