1. CIVIL RIGHTS
The Role of Modern Georgia

2. The End of the White Primary
 Georgia had a law declaring that only whites
could vote in primary elections.
 It kept African-Americans from participating
in the important primary elections.
 The White Primary was found
unconstitutional in 1946.

3. The 1946 Governor’s Election
 Eugene Talmadge was elected but died before
taking office.
 The General Assembly unsuccessfully tried to
give the election to Herman Talmadge
(Eugene’s son) instead .
 The GA Supreme Court ruled a new election
was required.
 Herman Talmadge was elected in 1947.

4. Herman Talmadge
 Elected governor in 1948 and
continued his father’s segregation
policies.
 Served as Governor (1948-1954)
and U.S. Senator (1956-1980)
 Believed in White Supremacy.

5. Left Side Assignment
 The 1946 Election was called “The Three
Governors’ Controversy”
 Read pages 632 and 633 to complete the
following:
 Write a good paragraph explaining how
Georgia ended up with three people
believing they had the right to be governor
in 1946. Please include information on what
led to the controversy, who was involved,
and how it ended.

6. Benjamin E Mays
 Educator and civil rights
activist.
 President of Morehouse College.
 Strongly influenced Martin
Luther King Jr.
 Promoted human dignity and its
relationship to American ideals.
 Believed in non-violent protest
as a means of change.

7. Brown vs Board of Education- 1954
 U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
schools must be desegregated.
 It decided that segregation
denied equal opportunity to all
groups of people.
 It took many years to fully
enforce the law.

8. 1956 Flag Controversy
 Georgia politicians responded
to desegregation by changing
the state flag.
 It added the confederate
battle flag to remind people of
its past.
 Many people took it to
symbolize a connection to a
time when Georgia promoted
slavery.

9. Terms to Know
Write two definitions for each of the following words.
A. The Text B. Your own words
1. Integration
2. segregate
3. sit-in
4. discrimination
5. racism

10. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
 Leader of the U.S. civil rights
movement.
 Gifted speaker and leader.
 Led freedom marches to draw
attention to the movement.
 Gave famous “I have a Dream”
speech in Washington D.C. to
250,000 people.
 Believed in a non-violent
approach to social change.
 Was assassinated for his beliefs
in 1968.

11. Student Non-violent-Coordinating Committee
SNCC
 SNCC was a student formed
civil rights organization .
 Used non-violent / direct action
methods (sit-ins, marches).
 Protestors would occupy buses,
restaurants, etc. and refuse to
leave.

12. Greensboro Sit-in

13. Sibley Commission
 Formed to gather information about how
Georgians felt about integration.
 Federal law was demanding that Georgia
desegregate its schools.
 It found the majority of Georgians were
willing to close schools rather than accept
integration.

14. Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton
Holmes
 First black students to
attend the University of
Georgia in 1961.
 There were many protests
against their attendance
and some alumni wanted
the school to close rather
than accept them.

15. Albany Movement
 Freedom march organized by
SNCC and the NAACP.
 Martin Luther King led hundreds
of protestors in Albany, GA to
resist segregation.
 King and many others were
arrested.
 Although considered a failure at
the time, it led to the removal of
many segregation laws.

16. March on Washington
 March for jobs and freedom-
August 1963.
 Congress had been slow to pass
President Kennedy’s civil rights
bill.
 Martin Luther King gave his
famous “ I have a Dream”
speech.
 Goals were to raise attention to
civil rights, fair employment,
education, and housing.

17. Left Side Assignment
3 Facts and an Opinion
 In complete sentences, write 3 important
facts about what you have learned and one
opinion that you believe is significant about
today’s information.
 Facts:
1. Factual sentence 1
2. Factual sentence 2
3. Factual sentence 3
4. A thoughtful opinion.

18. Civil Rights Act of 1964
 Signed into law by President
Lyndon Johnson.
 Guaranteed equal voting rights.
 Prohibited segregation in all
public places.
 Created an Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission.
 Gave the Federal Government
the right to withhold funds from
states that resisted the law.

19. Lester Maddox
 Governor 1966-1970
 Promoted segregation and
resisted civil rights.
 Found it difficult to resist
against the Civil Right Act.
 He later began to appoint blacks
to important positions.

20. End of County Unit System
 Georgia’s voting system favored rural white
voters.
 In 1962, Federal Court decided that it
violated the 14th Amendment.
 It was replaced with a “one person-one vote”
system.
 Blacks were elected to state offices for the
first time since Reconstruction.

21. Maynard Jackson
 Elected mayor of Atlanta in 1973
 First African-American mayor of
a major U.S. city.
 Helped blacks reach higher
status jobs.
 Expanded Atlanta’s Hartsfield
Airport and MARTA
transportation systems.

22. Andrew Young
 Aide to Martin Luther King Jr.
 Elected to the U.S. House of
Representatives in 1972.
 First black congressman from
GA since Reconstruction.
 Appointed U.S. Ambassador to
the United Nations by President
Jimmy Carter.
 Later twice elected Mayor of
Atlanta.

23. Left Side Timeline
 There are 12 dates given in your notes.
 Pick at least 10 of those dates and place them
in a timeline with the key information that
goes with them.
 The first is given here:
1946- The Three Governors Controversy.
Other dates include:
1948,1954,1956,1961,1962,1963,1964,1966,
1968,1972,1973
List your dates from top to bottom on your page.

24. Civil Rights Notes Review
John Sibley Eugene Talmadge Martin Luther King Ellis Arnall
Andrew Young Maynard Jackson Charlayne Hunter
Lyndon Johnson Benjamin Mays Lester Maddox
1. Mentor (influential) to Martin Luther King.
2. President who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
3. One of the first black students at University of Georgia.
4. Led a commission to see if Georgians would desegregate.
5. Died before taking office as Georgia governor in 1946.
6. Atlanta’s first black mayor.
7. Governor who ordered a mass police force at MLK’s funeral.
8. First black U.S. Congressman from Georgia since the 1800s.
9. Gave the “I have a Dream” speech in 1963.
10. Governor who lowered the voting age to 18 years.

25. Who would you meet?
 If you could have had lunch with one of
the civil rights leaders we have learned
about, who would you have liked to meet
and why?
 A good paragraph-5-7 sentences.