C:\Documents And Settings\Teacher\Desktop\Us History\Ch 20\Ch 20 Sec 1

CHAPTER 20 Section 1 Kennedy and the Cold War

JACK
John F. Kennedy
President 1961-1963
Former Democrat Senator from Massachusetts
Presidential Terms known as Camelot
Presidency known for 3 crises.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Berlin Wall Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1960

1960 ELECTION NOTES

JOHN F. KENNEDY

CONTRAST OF COLD WAR PRESIDENTS Kennedy Truman Eisenhower

MAKE A TABLE IN YOUR NOTES… Event Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Berlin Wall Crisis When Where What Happened The Outcome

BAY OF PIGS – APRIL 1961
The Bay of Pigs is a small, southern inlet on the island of Cuba. (Bay of Triggerfish)
It was a failed invasion in attempt to overthrow the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.
Eisenhower’s Idea
Headed by the CIA (approved by JFK)
Main force was Cuban exiles trained by the CIA.

BAY OF PIGS
Immediate Outcome:
Totally unsuccessful.
115 Killed/1,189 Captured
Embarrassment for the U.S.
Long Term Effects:
More Soviet weapons for Cuba.
Increased hostility between the 2 nations.
Helped pave the way for the Cuban Missile Crisis.
U.S. = “looked like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, and incompetents to the rest.”

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS – OCTOBER 1962
Cuba & the Caribbean Sea
The U.S. confronted Cuba and the Soviet Union about nuclear weapons that had been placed 90 miles from the U.S.
Kennedy issued a “quarantine” to restrict more ships with weapons from going to Cuba.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
Result:
Both Kennedy and Khrushchev feared the start of a nuclear war.
They successfully negotiated an agreement to end the stand-off.
Soviet Union had to remove missiles from Cuba
U.S. had to remove missiles from Turkey (secretly).
Outcome:
The world was saved.
Khrushchev loses power.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
Long Term Effects:
Hot-Line Created : a direct line between the White House and the Kremlin for communication between the two.
Limited Test Ban Treaty : barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

BERLIN WALL CRISIS – 1961-1989
Conflict: Too many East Germans are defecting to West Berlin for freedom.
Khrushchev’s Response : Wall around West Berlin
The Berlin Wall created many tense moments:
Checkpoint Charlie
133 People killed trying to cross the wall.

THE BERLIN WALL

BERLIN WALL CRISIS
Outcome:
Demonstrated the divide between Communism and Democracy.
Example of the powerful will’s by both superpowers.
Tearing down of the wall in 1989 signaled the coming end of Communism in Europe.
Gave David Hasselhoff a chance to show his guitar skills to a national audience.

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