Grammar book final

Grammar Book
Alejandro Bentle

Table of Contents
Ser
Estar
Verbs like Gustar
Hacer Expressions
Preterito
Trigger words
Car, Gar, Zar
Spock Verbs
Cucuracha Verbs
DOP
Affirmative Commands
Irregular Commands
IOP
Snakes
Snakeys
Se Impersonal

SER!
Description-¿Quees? (Ex: Un papel, un libro)
Origin-¿De Donde Es? (Ex: Nicaragua)
Characteristics-¿Como Es? (Ex: Alto)
Time- ¿QueHora Es? (Ex: Son las dos)
Occupation- ¿QueHace (Ex: Es Doctor)
Relationships- ¿Quien Es? (Ex: Es mi mama)
Possession- ¿De Quien Es?
Events- ¿Cuando/Donde Es? (Ex: La Clase)
Dates- ¿QueDiaes Hoy? (Ex: Lunes)

ESTAR!
Health- ¿Como Estas? (Ex: Bien)
Emotions- ¿Como Estas? (Ex: Triste)
Location- ¿DondeEstas? (Ex:La Casa)
Present condition- ¿Como Esta? (Ex: Nublado)
“ING”- ar: ando/ er-ir: endo

VERBS LIKE GUSTAR
Gustar: To like
Verbs Like “gustar” operate and are used in the same ways as “gustar”.
Examples:
Encantar- To love
Fascinar- To Fascinate
Molestar- To bother
Doler- To Hurt
Faltar- To miss
Importar- To matter
Disgustar- To dislike
Examples:
Io pronouns:
Me
Te
Les
Nos
Os
Les
-Me gustancarros
-Les gustanzanahorias

HACER EXPRESSIONS
Use hacer expressions to express time using hace and a conjugated verb
Present Tense: Since/For
Past Tense: Ago
Example:
Hacecincodiasquecomounahamburguesa

PRETERITO
A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or Ending
Trigger words for preterite:
Ayer
Antayer
A las (any time)
El (insert day)
Estoes el preterito!

PRETERITO (continued)
YO
Tú
Él, ella, Ud
Nosotros
Ellos, Ustedes

TRIGGER WORDS

CAR, GAR, ZAR
In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive, a number of verbs change spelling in the preterite tense. The following changes occur in the "yo" form only

SPOCK VERBS
Dar
Di
Diste
Dio
Dimos
Dieron
Ver
Vi
Viste
Vio
Vimos
Vieron
Ir/Ser
Fui
Fuiste
Fue
Fuimos
Fueron
Hacer
Hice
Hiceste
Hizo
Hiceimos
Hicieron
Ser
Dar
Ir
Ver
Hacer
The “Spock” verbs are irregular verb forms of the preterite. They have different conjugations.

CUCARACHA VERBS
Andar- aduv
Estar- estuv
Poder- pud
Poner- pus
Querer- quis
Saber- sup
Tener- tuv
Venir- vin
Conducir- conduj
Producir- produj
Traducir- traduj
Decir- dij
Traer- traj
e
Iste
o
Imos
Isteis
ieron

DOPs
DOPs receives the direct action of the verb.
Lo
La
Los
Las
I ate a steak
Comí un bistec.
She ate the steak
Ella comió lo bistec.

AFFIRMATIVE COMMANDS
Formal:
Affirmative:
Ud./Uds.- put in the ‘yo’ form and change the opposite
Examples:
Bebela
Negative:
Same
Informal:
Affirmative
Tu- simply drop the ‘s’
DOP and IOP can attach to the affirmative command
Negative:
Tu- Put it in ‘yo’ form and change opposite vowel, add an ‘s’

IRREGULAR COMMANDS
Affirmative
Negative

IOPs
Answers the question:
To Whom
For Whom
Has no feminine factors
Examples:
I gaveitto her -----›Se lo di
Give it to him -----› déselo

SNAKES
Snakes stem change in 3rd person

SNAKEYS
Snakeys are verbs like leer, creer, and oir.
Change the I to the y in the 3rd person

SE IMPERSONAL
Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb.
Sevendefruta en la frutería.
When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person.
Aquísehablaespañol.
Se can be used in all tenses.
Sehizo mucho.
Sehará mucho.
Sehabíahecho.

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