Bhutan 2010 gnh_index_2

The 2010 Gross NationalHappiness Index : Part II The Centre for Bhutan Studies 2011 .

Part II:Understanding Happiness1. National happiness2. Happiness by Dzongkhag3. Happiness by region4. Happiness by gender5. Happiness by age group6. Happiness by marital status7. Happiness by educational level8. Happiness by occupational group9. People’s Stories

A person who has achievedsufficiency in at least 6 of the 9domains of GNH is classified as“HAPPY”

How is happiness measured? 33 indicators: Sufficiency thresholds Nine domains: Happiness threshold GNH Index: 0.743

40.8% of Bhutanese are classified happy afterapplying sufficiency and happy threshold.The value for GNH Index 2010 is 0.743 .

Proportion of people non-deprived/happy 77% Domains: Psychological 74% wellbeing, Health, Time80% use, Culture, Ecology, Community vitality, Good Governance and70% Living standards60% 41%50% Domains: Indicator: Health, Edu Consumption40% per capita cation and Living30% Standards20%10%0% National Poverty line Multidimensional Gross National 2007 Poverty Index 2010 Happiness Index 2010 .

In which domainscontribution to GNH index enjoy sufficiency? Domain percentage do happy people Health 9% 14% Ecological diversity and resilience 9% Psychological wellbeing 12% Community vitality10% Living standards Time use 12% 10% Cultural diversity and resilience Good Governance 11% 12% Education

In which domainscontribution to GNH index enjoy sufficiency? Domain percentage do happy people Health 9% Observation 1: 14% Ecological diversity and resilience 9% All nine Psychological wellbeing dimensions 12% contributevitality Community to10% GNH. Living standards Happy people Time use 12% live relatively 10% balanced diversity and Cultural lives. resilience 11% 12% No dimension Good Governance is unimportant Education

Domain percentage contribution to GNH index Biggest contributions Health 9% 14% Ecological diversity and Observation 2: resilience 9%Good Health (14%) Psychological wellbeingCommunity (12%) 12% Community vitality 10%Ecology (12%), and Living standardsPsychological well- Time use 12% being (12%) 10% Cultural diversity and resilience Contribute the most to GNH in Good Governance 11% 12% 2010. Education

Biggest contributionsHealth Domain percentage contribution to GNH index Percentage of people enjoying sufficiency Ecological in indicators of Health diversity and Observation 2: 9% 9% 14% resilience Psychological 89% 86% Good Health (14%) wellbeing 90% 76% 74% Community Community 80% (12%) 12% vitality 70% Ecology Living standards 60% (12%), and 12% 50% 10% Psychological Time use 40%10% well-being (12%)12% 30% Contribute the 20% Cultural diversity 11% most to GNH in and resilience 10% 2010. 0% Good Governance Disability Mental health Healthy days Self reported health status • 89% of Bhutanese either do not suffer from long term disability or those who are disable ones are not restricted from doing their daily activities • 86% of Bhutanese have normal mental wellbeing • 76% of Bhutanese have sufficient number of healthy days • 74% of Bhutanese have rated their health as either “good” or “very good”

Percentage of people enjoying sufficiency in Health Percentage of people enjoying sufficiency and are happy in indicators of Health 89% 86%100% 76% 74% 80% 39% 39% 60% 40% 40% 20% 0% 38% Disability Mental Healthy health Self days reported 36% health 36% 35% status • 89% of Bhutanese either do not suffer from 34% long term disability or those who are disable ones are not restricted from doing their daily 32% activities • 86% of Bhutanese have normal mental Disability Mental health Healthy days Self reported wellbeing health status • 76% of Bhutanese have sufficient number of health days • 74% of Bhutanese have rated their health as • Of the Bhutanese who achieved sufficiency levels in either “good” or “very good” disability, 39% are happy (fulfill the happiness threshold) • Of the Bhutanese who have normal mental wellbeing (86), 39% are happy • Of the Bhutanese who have achieved sufficient levels of healthy days, 36% are happy • Of the Bhutanese who have sufficiency in self reported health status , 35% are happy

Biggest percentage Health Domaincontributions to GNH contribution Percentage of people having sufficiency in index Ecological diversity and indicators of Community vitality resilience 9% Observation 2: 9% Psychological Good Health 14% wellbeing 93% 96% (14%) Community 100% Community 12% vitality 90% (12%) 12% Living standards 80% 63% Ecology 70% 46% (12%), and 10% Time use 60%10%Psychological well-being 50% (12%) Cultural diversity 11% 12% and resilience 40% Contribute the 30% most to GNH in Good 2010. Governance 20% 10% 0% Donations (time Community Family Safety & money) relationship • 96% of Bhutanese have never been victims of crime • 93% of Bhutanese report good family relationship • 76% of Bhutanese report good community relationship • 46% of Bhutanese have sufficiency in donations (time & money)

Biggest percentage Health Domaincontributions to GNH contribution Percentage of people who are happy & have index 9% Ecological diversity and sufficiency in indicators of Community vitality resilience9%Observation 2: Psychological Good Health 14% wellbeing 39% 40% (14%) Community 40% Community 12% vitality 27% (12%) Living 30% 21% Ecology standards (12%), and 10% Time use 20% Psychological10% well-being 11% (12%) 12% Cultural 10% diversity and Contribute the resilience most to GNH in 12% Good 0% 2010. Governance Donations Community Family Safety (time & relationship money) • 39% of Bhutanese who report good family relationship are happy • 27% of Bhutanese who have good community relationship are happy • 21% of Bhutanese who have sufficiency in donations (time & money) are also classified happy

Biggest percentage Health Domain Percentage of people who have sufficiency incontributions to GNH contribution index Ecological Psychological wellbeing indicators diversity and resilience 9% Observation 2: 9% Psychological Good Health 14% wellbeing 83% (14%) Community 90% Community 12% vitality 80% 65% (12%) Living standards 70% 59% Ecology 12% 53% (12%), and 60% 10% Time use10%Psychological 50% well-being (12%) Cultural diversity 40% 11% 12% and resilience Contribute the 30% most to GNH in Good 2010. Governance 20% 10% 0% Spirituality Positive Negative Life emotions emotions satisfaction • 83% of Bhutanese have sufficiency in life satisfaction • 65% of Bhutanese report low negative emotions •59% of Bhutanese report high positive emotions • Only 53% of Bhutanese have sufficiency in spirituality

Percentage of people who have sufficiency in How spiritual do you consider yourself to be? Psychological wellbeing indicators 83% 100% 50% 53% 59% 65% Not at all Somewhat 0% 1% 7%• 83% of Bhutanese have sufficiency in lifesatisfaction• 65% of Bhutanese report low negativeemotions•59% of Bhutanese report high positive Very Moderatelyemotions 52% 40%•53% of Bhutanesehave sufficiency inspirituality Do you consider Karma in the course of your daily life? Not at all 2% Rarely 7% Regularly Occasionally 57% 34%

Percentage of people who have sufficiency in How often do you recite prayers? Psychological wellbeing indicators Not at all 100% 50% 53% 59% 65% 83% 6% 0% Rarely 11%• 83% of Bhutanese have sufficiency in lifesatisfaction• 65% of Bhutanese report low negative Regularlyemotions•59% of Bhutanese report high positive 49%emotions• 53% of Bhutanesehave sufficiency in Occasionallyspirituality 34% How often do you practice meditation? Regularly Occasionally 5% 6% Rarely 7% Not at all 82%

Domain percentage contribution to GNH indexLowest contributions Health 9% Observation 3: 14% Ecological diversity and resilience 9% Happy Psychological wellbeing Bhutanese did not necessarily 12% Community vitality10% have high education (9%). Living standards Time use Nor did they 12% 10% score equally Cultural diversity and high in Good resilience 11% Governance 12% Good Governance (9%). Education

0% 120% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Value Safety Speak native language Family Disability Mental health Urbanization issues Responsibility towards… Life satisfaction Government performance Healthy days Assets Self reported health status health, etc. Ecological issues sufficiency in Sleep Negative emotions Community relationship value, safety, native Fundamental rights Artisan skills Percentage of people enjoying sufficiency Driglam Namzha language, family, mental Bhutanese enjoy highest Positive emotions Wildlife damage (Rural) Political participation Household per capita income Spirituality Literacy Housing Donations (time & money) Work Services Schooling Cultural participation. Knowledge

0% 10% 15% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% n of The 20% in Value Safety Family Disability government Mental health Life satisfaction politically, and Speak native language Responsibility towards… of Driglam Namzha. Healthy days Urbanization issues 5% schooling, enjoying services, participating lack sufficiency were ving more than 6 years festivals, donations, ha knowledge, participatio Self reported health status happy people still often indicators in which believing in the practice Assets Government performance Negative emotions Wildlife damage (Rural) SleepHousehold per capita income Positive emotions Ecological issues Artisan skills Literacy Fundamental rights Community relationship Spirituality Housing Work Driglam Namzha Percentage of people who are happy & have sufficiency Political participation Services Schooling Donations (time & money) Cultural participation Knowledge

GNH Index by dzongkhag (district) 10.9 0.807 0.795 0.783 0.775 0.773 0.771 0.770 0.7700.8 0.753 0.752 0.737 0.736 0.734 0.732 0.712 0.708 0.698 0.698 0.6840.7 0.6550.60.50.40.30.20.1 0

Confidence intervals of district level GNH indices 0.90.85 Lower boundary GNH Index 0.8 Upper boundary0.75 0.70.65 0.60.55 0.5

Confidence intervals of district level GNH indices 0.9 Lower boundary0.85 GNH Index 0.8 Upper boundary0.75 0.70.65 0.60.55 The GNH Index is relatively equal. There are not many significant differences. A larger sample would give higher definition. 0.5

Confidence intervals of district level GNH indices 0.9 Lower boundary0.85 GNH Index 0.8 Upper boundary0.75 0.70.65 0.6 But we might divide Dzongkhags into roughly 30.55 groups. 0.5

GNH Index by Dzongkhags Samdrup 0.9 LowerJongkhar boundary0.85 probably has the GNH Index 0.8 lowest GNH Index Upper boundary0.75 0.70.65 0.60.55 Higher GNH Lower GNH 0.5

GNH index map by district GNH Index by district GNH Index by districtLow GNH IndexHigher GNH Index High GNH Index Lower GNH Index

Percentage of happy people by districtLower GNH IndexHigherpercentage of happy people Higher percentage Lower GNH Index of happy people

GNH ranks districts differently than per capita income GNH Index Per capita Income (BLSSR 2007)0.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.1 0

GNH ranks districts differently than per capita income GNH Index Per capita Income (BLSSR 2007)0.9 Thimphu is not0.80.7 ranked most highly in GNH.0.60.50.40.30.20.1 0

GNH ranks districts differently than per capita income GNH Index Per capita Income (BLSSR 2007)0.9 Dagana and Thimphu is not0.8 Zhemgang do0.7 ranked most much better in highly in GNH.0.6 GNH than0.5 income.0.40.30.20.1 0

Where do the Trongsa Pema Gatshel Gasahappy people Lhuntse Trongsalive? Gasa Haa Pema Gatshel Tashi Yangste Bumthang LhuntseThimphuand Chukha Zhemgang Haa Thimphuare home to Punakha Tashi Yangstethe highest Bumthangnumber of Dagana Zhemganghappy Punakhapeople…. Chukha Tsirang DaganaAnd unhappy Samdruppeople! Jongkhar Tsirang Samdrup Jongkhar Samtse WangdueThey are big Phodrang Wangdue Phodrangdzongkhags. Mongar Sarpang Mongar Tashigang ParoNext: Samtse Paro Tashigang& Sarpang

Domain contribution to happiness by Dzongkhag Paro Psychological Sarpang wellbeing Dagana Haa Health Thimphu Gasa Time use Tsirang Punakha EducationZhemgang Chukha Cultural diversity and Wangdue… resilience SamtseBumthang Good Governance Mongar Pema… Community vitalityTashigang Lhuntse Ecological diversity Tashi… and resilience Trongsa Living standards Samdrup… 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% The composition of happiness changes a little across Dzongkhags. Thimphu is better in education & living standards, but worse in community vitality

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0 1 Life satisfaction Spirituality wellbeing Positive emotions Psychological Negative emotions Mental health Health Disability Self reported health status Healthy days Sleep use Time Paro Work Value Literacy Education Schooling Knowledge Speak native language and Driglam Namzha Cultural diversity resilience Artisan skills Percentage of people having sufficiency Cultural participation Samdrup Jongkhar Government performanceGood Fundamental rightsGovernance Political participation Services vitality Safety Family Community Community relationship Donations (time & money) Urbanization issues and Ecological issues diversity resilience Ecological Responsibility towards… Wildlife damage (Rural) and wildlife damage . Assets work time, fundamental Household per capita… rights, services, income, housing Housing Paro and Samdrup differ most in Living standards

GNH Index by region0.90.85 0.790 0.8 0.7370.75 0.726 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.55 0.5 Urban National Rural .

Percentage of happy people 50% of urban dwellers are happy as60% 50% per GNH criteria50% 41%40% 37%30%20% 10% 0% Urban National Rural .

Contribution of domains to happiness by region Percentage contribution of domains to GNH Index Psychological wellbeing In rural areas, Community 15% vitality, Cultural diversity and Good Governance Living contribute more to Health standards happiness 10% Ecological 5%diversity and Time use Rural resilience Urban 0% National Community Education vitality Cultural Good Living diversity and Governance standards, Education and resilience Health contribute more to happiness in urban areas .

0 1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Life satisfaction Negative emotions wellbeing Positive emotions Psychological Spirituality Disability Mental health Health Healthy daysSelf reported health status Sleep use Time Work Value Literacy Schooling Education Knowledge Speak native language and Artisan skills Cultural diversity resilience Driglam Namzha Cultural participationGovernment performance Services Good Fundamental rights Governance Political participation Safety Family vitality Percentage of Bhutanese having sufficiency by region Community relationship CommunityDonations (time & money) Wildlife damage (Rural) and Responsibility towards… Rural diversity resilience Ecological Ecological issues Urbanization issues Household per capita… Urban Housing Living standards Assets

0 1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Life satisfaction Negative emotions wellbeing Positive emotions Psychological Spirituality Disability Mental health Health Healthy daysSelf reported health status Sleep use Time Work Value Literacy Schooling Education Knowledge Speak native language and Artisan skills Cultural diversity resilience Driglam Namzha Cultural participationGovernment performance Services Good Fundamental rights Governance Political participation Safety Family vitality Percentage of Bhutanese having sufficiency by region Living standards. Urban areas have Community relationship higher sufficiency in CommunityDonations (time & money) Health, Education, and Wildlife damage (Rural) and Responsibility towards… Rural diversity resilience Ecological Ecological issues Urbanization issues Household per capita… Urban Housing Living standards Assets

0 1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Life satisfaction Negative emotions wellbeing Positive emotions Psychological Spirituality Disability Mental health Health Healthy daysSelf reported health status Sleep use Time Work sufficiency in Value much of Governance. Literacy Community, Culture, & Percentage of Bhutanese Schooling Education Knowledge Speak native language and Artisan skills Cultural diversity resilience Driglam Namzha Cultural participationGovernment performance Services Good Fundamental rights Governance Political participation Safety Family vitality Rural areas have higher having sufficiency by region Community relationship CommunityDonations (time & money) Wildlife damage (Rural) and Responsibility towards… Rural diversity resilience Ecological Ecological issues Urbanization issues Household per capita… Urban Housing Living standards Assets

GNH Index by gender0.8 Men are happier 0.7830.78 than women.0.76 0.7370.740.72 0.704 0.7 0.68 0.66 Female National Male

Percentage of happy people 49%50% 41%45%40% 33%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0% Female National Male

Psychological Women seem to do wellbeing better in living 16% standards and ecology. 14% Living standards Health 12% 10% 8% 6%Ecological diversity 4% Time use and resilience 2% Male 0% Female Men and women Community vitality Education are about the same in health, time Cultural diversity use, governance, Good Governance and resilience and culture.

0% 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 60% 70% 80% 90% 50% Life satisfaction wellbeing Positive emotions Psychological Negative emotions Spirituality Self reported health status Healthy days Health Disability Mental health Work Sleep Schooling Literacy Education Value Knowledge Artisan skillsand Speak native languageCulturaldiversityresilience Cultural participation Driglam Namzha Government performance Good Fundamental rights Services Governance Political participation Percentage Bhutanese having sufficiency by sex Donations (time & money) Community relationship vitality Family Community Safety Ecological issuesand Male Responsibility towards environmentdiversityresilience Wildlife damage (Rural)Ecological Urbanization issues Assets Female Household per capita income Living Housing standards

Psychic Happiness level by age group6.86.6 On a scale of zero to 10, I consider myself: 0 (Not a very happy person)------106.4 (Very happy person)6.2 65.85.65.45.2

Age group analysis of GNH Index and Psychic Happiness variable 0.8 GNH Index Psychic Happiness Happiness level0.75 0.70.65 0.60.55 0.5

GNH Index by marital status 0.7910.800 0.747 0.7210.700 0.661 0.6250.6000.5000.4000.3000.2000.1000.000 Never married Married Divorced Separated Widowed

Percentage of happy people 50%50%45% 42%40% 36%35%30% 27%25% 19%20%15%10%5%0% Never married Married Divorced Separated Widowed

Contribution to happiness by marital status Health100%90% Ecological diversity and resilience80% Living standards70% 11% 10% 11% 8% 12%60% Time use50% Psychological wellbeing40% 8% 9% 8% 6%30% 11% 13% 11% 12% Education 12%20% 11% 10% 11% 11% 12%10% 8% Community vitality 0% Cultural diversity and Never Married Divorced Separated Widowed resilience married Good Governance

GNH Index and percentage of happy people by educational level Percentage of happy people GNH Index 10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.1 0

Contribution of domains to happiness100% 90% Living standards 80% 70% Ecological diversity and resilience 60% 50% Community vitality 40% 30% Good Governance 20% 10% Cultural diversity and 0% resilience Education Time use Health Psychological wellbeing

As education increases, contribution of living standards & education to Contribution of domains to happiness happiness increases; governance and100% culture decrease90% Living standards80%70% Ecological diversity and resilience60%50% Community vitality40%30% Good Governance20%10% Cultural diversity and 0% resilience Education Time use Health Psychological wellbeing

GNH Index and percentage of happy people by occupational status Percentage of happy people GNH Index 10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.1 0

Contribution of domains to happiness100% Living standards 90% 80% Ecological diversity 70% and resilience 60% Community vitality 50% 40% Good Governance 30% 20% 10% Cultural diversity 0% and resilience Education Time use Health Psychological wellbeing

Who is Happy? Some real people(minor details have been changed)

One happy person in the GNH survey was a married woman aged 35 living in rural Haa. She isa housewife who has completed primaryschool. Again, she achieved sufficiency inover 90% of the domains. She said she stillsuffered from selfishness and jealousy, and didnot donate very much time/money. She wasconcerned about littering and the absence ofgood waste disposal, as well as floods, and didnot know any zorig chosum skill.

When asked what contributed mostto her happiness she said: • Having sufficient income • Being in good relation with the husband • When everyone is in good health.

Another happy personin the GNH survey was a young man aged 22 who lived in rural Sarpang and wasnever married. He is a farmer whofinished primary school. His onlydeprivations were that wildlifedamaged his crops, and that he didnot know about his political rights.

When asked what contributed mostto happiness he said: • A peaceful environment • Enough money • No suffering • Good health • Good relations with my friends.

Another happy person in the GNH survey was a widowed gomchen aged70 living in rural Thimphu. He had no formaleducation, and was deprived ineducation, housing, sleep and did notparticipate politically.He observed that getting good agriculturalproducts from the land contributes tohappiness.

Another happy person in the GNH survey was a married woman farmeraged 44 living in rural Tongsa. She wasilliterate, and was deprived from wildlifedamage to her crops, and thought she neverfelt forgiveness among the positive emotions –yet was happy.She mused that she felt happy when she wasable to do her household work, when she washarvesting potatoes, and as she wove.

Another happy person in the GNH survey was a married shopkeeper aged 37 living in urbanBumthang. He has finished 10th class, andmeditates and prays regularly. He enjoyssufficiency in nearly every indicator. But hedid mention that at the moment he only rarelyexperiences calmness and contentment. Healso lacked some knowledge and did not thinkDriglam Namzha was terribly important.

Another happy person in the GNH survey was a married corporateemployee aged 35 living in urbanChukha. He has completed 10thclass, and has achieved sufficiency innearly all indicators. He was a bit sleepdeprived, and did not feel a deep senseof belonging to his community, but wasoverall very satisfied with his life.

When asked what contributed mostto happiness he said: • To be healthy • To meet basic needs • To have peace in the family • To be religious

Our final happy person in the GNH survey is an unmarried young woman aged 26 living inurban Tashigang. She completed abachelor’s degree and is a civil servantliving alone. She scores highly acrossdomains, although she misses a sense ofbelonging. When asked what contributesto her happiness she replied:Love, Family, Friends, Education, andEnough money.

The 2010 Gross NationalHappiness Index : Part II The Centre for Bhutan Studies 2011 .

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