The Historic Failure to Control Communications Technology Image, PPP Retirement Plans: http://www.pppretirementplans.com/images/computercontrol.jpg

“ From the innovation of wireless telegraphy in the late nineteenth century to the creation of an electronic superhighway in the late twentieth, no one individual, and no one institution, has succeeded in controlling for very long the American market for electronic components or electronic devices or even the content of what is communicated by those devices.” Ruth Schwartz Cowan, “A Social History of American Technology” Image, Apple Collection: http://www.apple-collection.com/Pho512plus/A+Ae1.jpg

CONTROL INTERRUPTED Amateurs as brilliant innovators Government acts to weaken monopolies Riches as an incentive Image, Nokia : nokiae50.info/images/55.jpg

CONTROL INTERRUPTED

Amateurs as brilliant innovators

Government acts to weaken monopolies

Riches as an incentive

“ One of the most consistent patterns in business is the failure of leading companies to stay at the top of their industries when technologies or markets change.” Bower & Christensen, “ Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave” Image, W.J. Gibson: http://gallery.photo.net/photo/5178880-lg.jpg

“ One of the most consistent patterns in business is the failure of leading companies to stay at the top of their industries when technologies or markets change.”

Bower & Christensen,

“ Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave”

Modern Proof Image, “High Tech” B.J. Adams: http://www.bjadamsart.com/HighTech_lg.jpg

Christy Luther MCDM COM 546 University of Washington 2009 Image, Bob Montana: http://bobmontana.net/library/image/graphic/computer/controlkey.gif

Sources Bower, Joseph L. and Christensen, Clayton M. (1995, January-February). Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave. Harvard Business Review , 43-53. Cowan, Ruth Schwartz. (1997). A Social History of American Technology . New York: Oxford University Press. Image, Bob Montana: http://bobmontana.net/library/image/graphic/computer/controlkey.gif