3. Background/History of Style
- a European style of architecture derived from and inspired by
the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–
1580)
- The term "Palladian" normally refers to buildings in a style inspired
by Palladio's own work; that which is recognized as Palladian
architecture today is an evolution of Palladio's original concepts.
- Palladio's work was strongly based on the symmetry,
perspective and values of the formal classical temple
architecture of the Ancient Greeks and Romans.
- From the 17th century Palladio's interpretation of this classical
architecture was adapted as the style known as Palladianism.
- It continued to develop until the end of the 18th century.
4. Characteristics
Plain exteriors based on
rules of proportion.
Interiors were richly
decorated.
Highly symmetrical.
Symmetry and balance
implemented by GrecoRoman
Pediments over doors,
windows, mirrors, fireplaces
Palladian objects follow
architectural elements
Villa Barbaro, Maser (1557-58) was the first
example of a temple front used extensively on
a domestic building.
was his most famous residential design. It is square in plan
with a central 2 story rotonda. The central domed space
radiates out to the 4 porticoes and to the elegantly
proportioned rooms in the corner. It is a powerful yet simple
scheme, one that would be copied many times.
5. Essential Elements
Scallop shells
Scallop shells are a typical motif in Greek and Roman art. The shell is a
symbol of the Roman goddess Venus, who was born of the sea, from a
shell.
Pediments
Pediments were used over doors and windows on the outside of
buildings. They are also found over inside doors. The design of objects
in the Palladian style often incorporates this sort of architectural
element.
Symmetry
Palladian design tends to be highly symmetrical. This means that when
a line is drawn down the middle, each side is a mirror image of the
other. Symmetry and balance were important in the ancient Greek and
Roman architecture that inspired Palladianism.
SCALLOP SHELLS
MASK
SYMMETRY
Masks
Masks are faces used as a decorative motif. They are based on
examples from ancient Greek and Roman art.
Terms
Terms are based on free-standing stones representing the Roman god,
Terminus. They consist of a head and upper torso, often just the
shoulders, on top of a pillar and were originally used as boundary
markers.
TERM
6. Essential Elements
Externally, architraves surrounded all the openings, often partly rusticated with heavy
stones. Internally, doors, windows, and fireplaces were all surrounded by richly decorated
classical architraves, columns, and pediments. While many ceilings were coved and
coffered, as at Woburn and Holkham, others include pictorial scenes in plaster.
architrave
Coved and coffered ceiling
7. Floor & Wall Treatment
Stone walls were again preferred, crowned by
correctly proportioned stone cornices. The
external appearance of the building was now
considered so important that some rooms
were unlit rather than spoil a façade with
unwanted windows.
Walls now had plaster panels and decorative
plaques, although many were covered in silk
damask.
8. Floor & Wall Treatment
• Begin to be carpeted with Axminster and Wilton;
• Oriental rugs still in use.
9. Color
Pine panelling was usually painted in brown, grey, olive green or off-white
and mouldings were picked out in gilt. Walls were similarly painted in muted tones like
white, stone, drab or olive, as well as in brighter colours like pea green,
sky blue, straw, yellow and deep green. Chocolate brown was
often used on woodwork.
Printed fabrics came in reds,
browns, purples and black, and silk and velvets
in green, blue, and gold. Imported calicoes (a type of cotton cloth) from India
were in strong colours -crimson to shell-pink,
deep violet to pale
lavender, indigo blue, lemon yellow and sage green.
10. Soft furnishing & Accessories,
Ornaments
• Metal, gilt, wood and glass,
chandeliers all in use;
• Candelabras and wall sconces
also used.
• Heavily architectural over
mantel with broken pediment
containing painting.
• Sash with shutters;
• Curtains and upholstery made
to match walls.
11. Fabric | Textile
• Silks, damasks, needlework;
• Checked Holland covers are often used to protect upholstery.
12. Furniture
• Heavy carved gilt pieces for state rooms upholstered in damasks and velvets;
• Early Georgian mahogany pieces in smaller rooms;
• Architectural bookcases, bureau, chest of drawers, and drop-leaf dining table
appears.
14. Examples of Palladian
Architecture
Redwood
Library,
Newport
The Redwood
Library and
Athenaeum is a
private
subscription
library at 50
Bellevue Avenue,
Newport, Rhode
Island. Founded in
1747, it is the
oldest community
library still
occupying its
original building in
the United States.
15. Examples of Palladian
Architecture
Morris-Jumel
Mansion, New
York City (1765)
The Morris–Jumel
Mansion (also
known as the Roger
and Mary Philipse
Morris House),
located in
Washington Heights,
is the oldest house in
the borough of
Manhattan in New
York City. It served as
a headquarters for
both sides in the
American
Revolution.
16. Examples of Palladian
Architecture
Hammond-Harwood
House in Annapolis,
Maryland, USA (1774)
is one of the premier colonial
houses remaining in America
from the British colonial period
(1607–1776). It is the only
existing work of colonial
academic architecture that was
principally designed from a
plate in Andrea Palladio’s I
Quattro Libri dell’Architettura,
1570, (The Four Books of
Architecture). The house was
designed by the architect
William Buckland in 1773-74
for wealthy farmer Matthias
Hammond of Anne Arundel
County, Maryland. It was
modeled on the design of the
Villa Pisani in Montagnana,
Italy in Book II, Chapter XIV of I
Quattro Libri dell’Achitettura.
17. Examples of Palladian
Architecture
Thomas Jefferson's
Monticello and Poplar
Forest, Virginia
-built by Thomas Jefferson
-began building in 1806 and
finished it in 1809
-Constructed of brick, it is
octagonal in shape and has
pedimented porticoes on low
arcades at the north and south
facades. The interior was
rebuilt following a fire in 1845;
thus, only the walls, chimneys,
and columns are original.
Although interior woodwork is
not original, the house follows
the same floor-plan as
designed by Jefferson. In
addition to the main house,
the original separate kitchen,
as well as the smokehouse and
two octagonal outhouses still
exist.
18. San Giorgio Maggiore, 1566-1610
San Giorgio Maggiore is a 16th century Benedictine church on the island of the same
name in Venice, designed by Andrea Palladio and built between 1566 and 1610. The
church is a basilica in the classical renaissance style and its brilliant white marble gleams
above the blue water of the lagoon opposite the Piazzetta and forms the focal point of
the view from every part of the Riva degli Schiavoni.
19. Palladio offered a new solution to the Renaissance problem of placing a
classical facade in front of a basilican cross section. He combined two
temple fronts: a tall one consisting of four Corinthian columns on
pedestals that support a pediment at the end of the nave,
superimposed over a wide one, with smaller Corinthian pilasters, that
matches the sloping aisle roofs.
16th-century Italian architect inspired by ancient Rome and ancient Greek. British designers used his style Plain exteriors based on rules of proportion. Interiors were richly decorated. Became fashionable from about 1715 to 1760 Highly symmetrical. Symmetry and balance implemented by Greco-Roman Pediments over doors, windows, mirrors, fireplaces Palladian objects follow architectural elements Scallop shells are a typical motif in Greek and Roman art. The shell is a symbol of the Roman goddess Venus, who was born of the sea, from a shell.
Furniture was quite massive and rigid, with pediments, cornices, lion masks, paws, swags, etc., and William Kent was the most important designer. Thomas Chippendale also made some Palladian furniture, although his finest furniture was produced after 1765 in the Neoclassical Adam style.By the middle of the century, mahogany had replaced walnut as the favoured wood for furniture. The most successful upholsterers came from France. Comfort became a priority, with drop-in seats and seats padded with deep cushions. Wing armchairs were increasingly popular, and occasional chairs were tall and elegant, sometimes with cabriole legs.Silk was the most widely used covering in the grand homes of the time, but linen and printed cottons were also used. Chairs were often supplied with two sets of covers, something light for the summer months, and silk damask for the winter months. Pastel shades were popular, although strong colours like magenta, deep green and royal blue were often found in the more fashionable houses. Turkeywork was still in vogue for the covering of back stools, as was leather, the nailing patterns could be quite decorative.
