CambridgeIP Nanoformulation: Patenting Trends in Nanoparticles

Recent Patenting Trends in NanoParticle Manufacturing Nanoformulation 2010 Stockholm, 11/06/2010 11th June 10 Ilian Iliev, CEO and co founder of CambridgeIP Quentin Tannock, Chairman and Co Founder of CambridgeIP Karishma Jain, Associate Consultant © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved

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A reminder: why Patent Landscaping is necessary Patents can be a highly reliable source of information about an industry • Patents as data are structured, comparable, objective and information rich • Information on technology, inventors, linkages to other fields… But… there are major challenges related to • Defining your technology space • Identifying relevant A simple search for patents ‘silicon device’ returns 671,882 patents! Where • Interpreting the results do you begin? Akin to finding multiple needles in multiple haystacks 5 © 2009. CambridgeIP. Ltd. Allrights © 2010 CambridgeIP All rights reserved. reserved

Discovery of networks and knowledge flows Case Study:Plastic Logic, Cambridge University Spin- Blue: Inventor off Red: Owner Size: Quantity Number of Patents: Annual and Cumulative Number of New Applications Cumulative 60 400 350 50 300 Patents - Cumulative 40 Patents - Yearly 250 30 200 150 20 100 10 50 0 0 © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 7 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 © 2010 © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved

Nano-context: Key Conclusions from Previous Research (1) Patent trends research indicates that nanotechnology: • Is a cross-cutting technology applicable to multiple market sectors • Has high levels of public development and support , compared to the average in other fields • Global development and application – US is a leader in terms of volume of patent filings , and is highly diversified – Nanobiotechnology dominates European patent filings – Nanoelectronics dominates Japan activity Source: EPO (2007) © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 9

Nano-context: Key Conclusions from Previous Research (2) CambridgeIP research reveals: • Higher inter-relation between patents in nano-field – Higher patent forward citation rates for patents relative to forward citation rates observed elsewhere – Rising strength of China: Rise in China patenting rates (accompanied by acquisitions of companies and technologies by Chinese companies) – Russia: Russian nanotechnology developments are often be overlooked in the English speaking world. Many clients have little or no exposure to patent and non-patent literature in Cyrillic. The role of RusNano? • Patenting rates slow down from 2004 in some nanotechnology sub-spaces, in part driven by: – Delays in patentn filings (perhaps due to „time to market‟ and other considerations) – Fewer nano patents granted: Increased sophistication and rigor of the nano-patent examination process – Lower levels of VC investment: end of the honeymoon? • Multiple & varied technology areas with inter-dependencies and growing number of applications 1996: A relatively 2006: An „explosion‟ of small number of activity across an ever- IPCs is associated increasing array of with the industrial applications: no nanotechnology single „core area can be field discerned: indicative of a „raft‟ or a „platform‟ technology entering maturity © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 1

Industry Example: Photovoltaics patents and nano- related patents Assignee OVERALL Patent # PV and Wind are the most highly patent low-carbon energy fields SHARP 608 CANON 561 The key patent holders differ between PV overall and nano-PV SANYO 483 MITSUBISHI 416 MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC 359 Number of patents by year FUJI ELECTRIC CO LTD 258 9 00 Photovoltaic Space and subspaces HITACHI 223 MERCK PATENT GMBH 198 800 KYOCERA CORPORATION 190 KANEGAFUCHI KAGAKU KOGYO KK 184 7 00 OVERALL Nanotech Related Assignee Patent # Assignee Patent # 6 00 SHARP 608 UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA 42 5 00 CANON 561 NANOSOLAR INC 41 SANYO 483 KONARKA TECHNOLOGIES INC 40 4 00 MITSUBISHI 416 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO 34 MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC 359 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD 30 FUJI ELECTRIC CO LTD 258 WILLIAM MARSH RICE UNIVERSITY 26 3 00 HITACHI 223 CANON 24 MERCK PATENT GMBH 198 DUPONT 22 2 00 KYOCERA CORPORATION 190 SONY CORP 21 KANEGAFUCHI KAGAKU KOGYO KK 184 NANOSYS INC 19 1 00 0 0 4 6 2 80 88 84 86 82 90 78 98 76 94 96 92 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 Nanotech Related Am orphous Silicon Cd Te CIS & CIGS Dy e Sensitized Source: Chatham House – CambridgeIP (2009) ‘Who Owns Our Low-Carbon Future?’ Full report available for download from CambridgeIP’s website: www.cambridgeip.com © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. Report was co-authored with Bernice Lee and Felix Preston of Chatham House

Nanoparticle manufacturing background Nanotechnology has cross-sectoral application A number of challenges before its full commercial potential is realised: • Lack of large scale manufacturing techniques • Challenge on cost effective production • Health/safety concerns • Very long time to market for nano-products • Unclear regulatory framework – affecting investment decisions into R&D and manufacturing capacity © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 13

Patent Study Methodology We undertook patent research into key nano-particle manufacturing techniques and identified patents of interest emerging over the last 5 years • Using expert interviews and our patent data mining we built a technology matrix covering: – 15 manufacturing methods – 14 industry applications • We conducted a semi-automated and expert-validated analysis of the space and identified example patents • In the next slides we show some of our results • Further research is available on request © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 14

Nano-Technology Manufacturing Methods Creating nanoscale devices by using larger, externally- controlled materials, directing their formation Method Detail Type Deposition To settle nanoparticles from a bulk Top Down techniques material onto a pre-existing surface Mechanical Production of nanoparticles using Top Down physical mechanism Wet chemistry Nanoparticles used in chemical organic Bottom Up solution Gas phase synthesis Nanoparticles being produced in gas Bottom Up phase using various technologies Production in liquid Liquid CO2 infused with nanoparticles Bottom Up carbon dioxide for coating/cleaning purposes Use of scaffolds Use of a mould to build nanoparticles Bottom Up (polymer) Using small molecular components, building them up into more complex assemblies © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved.

Technology Matrix: Bio related Fields NanoParticles Manufacturing drug delivery/ Medicine – scaffolds for Cosmetics Techniques (re) diagnostics tissue Formulation engineering Deposition techniques lithography x Top Down vacuum coating spray coating Mechanical ball milling x planetary grinding x Wet chemistry Sol-Gel Processing x x x x Hydrothermal synthesis x x x microemulsion processing x x x x Bottom Up nanoemulsion processing x x x x Sonochemical processing x x x x Gas phase synthesis plasma vaporization chemical vapour synthesis laser ablation Production in liquid CO2 x x x x Use of scaffolds (polymer) x x x x © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 16

Technology Matrix: Environment related Fields Key area of concern for climate change policy NanoParticles Manufacturing fuel cells Photovoltaics construction air purification water Techniques and concrete purification Deposition techniques lithography x x x x Top Down vacuum coating x x x x spray coating x x x x Mechanical ball milling x x planetary grinding x x Wet chemistry Sol-Gel Processing x x x x Hydrothermal synthesis x x x microemulsion processing x x x Bottom Up nanoemulsion processing x x x Sonochemical processing x x x Gas phase synthesis plasma vaporization x chemical vapour synthesis x laser ablation x Production in liquid CO2 x x x x Use of scaffolds (polymer) x x © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 17

Technology Matrix: Industry related Fields NanoParticles Manufacturing automotive aerospace lubricants for paints, smart catalysis electronics Techniques industrial coatings components Deposition techniques lithography x x x x x x Top Down vacuum coating x x x x x x spray coating x x x x X x Mechanical ball milling x x x x x planetary grinding x x x x x Wet chemistry Sol-Gel Processing x x x x x Hydrothermal synthesis x x x x x x microemulsion processing x x x x x Bottom Up nanoemulsion processing x x x x x Sonochemical processing x x x x x Gas phase synthesis plasma vaporization x x x x x chemical vapour synthesis x x x x x laser ablation x x x x x Production in liquid CO2 x x x x x x Use of scaffolds (polymer) x x x x x x © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 18

Example Patent: Sol-Gel aerospace paints, smart construction coatings and concrete CN101602508 Method for preparing monodisperse nano silicon dioxide spherical particle hydrosol and application thereof Assignee: UNIV ZHEJIANG SCIENCE & TECH [CN] Inventor: JIANJUN CHEN [CN]; NAIYAN WANG [CN]; LINHUI GAO [CN]; ZHAO WANG [CN] Publication Date: 2009-12-16 Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparing monodisperse nano silicon dioxide spherical particle hydrosol and application thereof. The method adopts a sol-gel method and comprises the following steps: using ammonia as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of ethyl orthosilicate, and using ethanol as a solvent to prepare nano SiO2 particles, namely adopting a method for preparing the SiO2 particles through a st ber method so as to obtain a suspension of the SiO2 particles dispersed in the ethanol solvent; adopting a heating and blasting process to volatize most of the ethanol in the suspension so as to obtain a nano silicon dioxide particle slurry; and adding an aqueous solution of alkamine into the slurry to finally prepare a nano SiO2 hydrosol, wherein the volatized ethanol can be reused after being collected. The hydrosol is applied to modified water-based external wall coatings, water-based fire-retardant coatings and water-based woodwork coatings. The nano silicon dioxide does not exist in the form of powder to avoid agglomeration of nano particles and improve the dispersity of the nano particles in the water-based coatings, thereby improving the performances of weatherability, washability, storage stability and the like of the coatings. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 20

Example Patent: Sol-Gel Cosmetics Medicine – automotive aerospace electronics diagnostics CN101602596 Lithium tantalate nano powder and preparation method thereof Assignee: UNIV CHINA GEOSCIENCES WUHAN [CN] Inventor: JIANHUI HU [CN]; YANGAI LIU [CN]; MINGHAO FANG [CN]; ZHANXING SUN [CN]; CHAOHUI HUANG [CN] Publication Date: 2009-12-16 Abstract: The invention relates to lithium tantalate nano powder and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of functional ceramic powder. The lithium tantalate nano powder is prepared by a sol-gel method. Ta2O5 and Li2CO3 as main raw materials and citric acid (CA) as a complexing agent react to form a stable metal-citric acid complex compound which is used as a tantalum source and a lithium source; an ethylene glycol (EG) esterifying agent is added into the metal-citric acid complex compound to form a polymer network with the citric acid; tantalum ions and lithium ions are evenly dispersed in the network to form stable polymer precursor sol; and the polymer precursor sol is dried and calcined to form LiTaO3 nano powder with good dispersion property. Because the Ta2O5 is used as an initial raw material of the tantalum, the cost is low; and the experimental device requirement is low, the process is simple, and the operation is convenient. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 21

Example Patent: Hydrothermal drug delivery/ Medicine – catalysis automotive aerospace paints, smart electronics (re) diagnostics coatings Formulation MX2009007013 PROCESSES FOR THE HYDROTHERMAL PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE. Assignee: DU PONT [US] Inventor: CORBIN DAVID RICHARD [US]; HUTCHENSON KEITH W; LI SHENG; TORARDI CARMINE; MCCARRON EUGENE MICHAEL Publication Date: 2009-07-09 Abstract: The present invention provides hydrothermal processes for the production of titanium dioxide from titanyl hydroxide. The use of specific crystallization directors, or additives, can promote the formation of rutile, anatase, or brookite. Variation of process operating parameters can lead to either pigmentary-sized or nano-sized rutile. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 22

Example Patent: Sonochemical automotive electronics KR20080096023 METHOD OF PREPARING LITHIUM TITANATE NANOPARTICLES UNDER SONOCHEMICAL CONDITION Assignee: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD [KR]; UNIV CHUNG ANG IND [KR]; SEOUL NAT UNIV IND FOUNDATION [KR] Inventor: SHIM IL WUN [KR]; KWAK HO YOUNG [KR]; LEE SEUNG SOO [KR]; BYUN KI TAEK [KR]; PARK JONG PIL [KR]; KIM SIN KYU [KR] Publication Date: 2008-10-30 Abstract: A manufacturing method of lithium titanate nano particle is provided to raise a composition and a purity of the lithium titanate by using the precursor manufactured by coating the lithium hydroxide which is reactant onto a surface of titanium dioxide. The lithium titanate nano particle can be mass-produced by heat- treating in the more mild condition in a short time. Furthermore, the lithium titanate nano particle manufactured from the manufacturing method is usefully used as the lithium secondary battery cathode material. A lithium titanate nano particle is manufactured by manufacturing precursor manufactured by coating the lithium hydroxide onto a surface of the titanium dioxide, and heat-treating the precursor at the low temperature less than 500deg.C for the short time in the alcohol solution by performing the sonochemical reaction under the multiplexer sound wave luminescence condition. The alcohol solution contains a titanium dioxide(TiO2) and a lithium hydroxide(LiOH). © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 23

Example Patent: Spray Coating automotive aerospace paints, smart coatings US20090022995 IN-SITU NANOPARTICLE FORMATION IN POLYMER CLEARCOATS Assignee: University of Kentucky, Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing (?) Inventor: GRAHAM USCHI URSULA M [US]; KHATRI RAJESH [US]; DAVIS BURT H [US] Publication Date: 2009-01-22 Abstract: Methods and compositions for forming a transparent clear coat characterized by a desired property, such as a color effect, resistance to UV light-induced degradation and/or scratch resistance, on a substrate are detailed according to embodiments of the present invention. Particular compositions and methods for producing a transparent clear coat layer include nanoparticles formed in-situ during curing of a transparent clear coat. Curable clear coat compositions are described according to embodiments of the present invention which include one or more substantially dissolved nanoparticle precursors. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 24

Example Patent: Ball Milling catalysis fuel cells WO2009011981 METHOD OF FORMING STABLE FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES Assignee: UNIV TULANE [US]; MITCHELL BRIAN S [US]; FINK MARK J [US]; HEINTZ ANDREW S [US] Inventor: MITCHELL BRIAN S [US]; FINK MARK J [US]; HEINTZ ANDREW S [US] Publication Date: 2009-01-22 Abstract: A novel top-down procedure for synthesis of stable passivated nanoparticles uses a one-step mechanochemical process to form and passivate the nanoparticles. High-energy ball milling (HEBM) can advantageously be used to mechanically reduce the size of material to nanoparticles. When the reduction of size occurs in a reactive medium, the passivation of the nanoparticles occurs as the nanoparticles are formed. This results in stable passivated silicon nanoparticles. This procedure can be used, for example in the synthesis of stable alkyl- or alkenyl- passivated silicon and germanium nanoparticles. The covalent bonds between the silicon or germanium and the carbon in the reactive medium create very stable nanoparticles. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 25

Example Patent: Ball Milling fuel cells KR20090074360 POROUS NANOCARBON MANUFACTURING METHOD USING BALL MILLING Assignee: LEE IN SOON [KR] Inventor: LEE IN SOON [KR]; PARK TAE HEE [KR] Publication Date: 2009-07-07 Abstract: A method for manufacturing porous nano carbon through ball milling is provided to control the maximum speed of a motor of a ball mill based on the sizes of containers. A method for manufacturing porous nano carbon through ball milling comprises the following steps of: putting 10g-10kg of natural graphite or processed artificial graphite with the size of 10mum - 20cm in a ball mill's container; and settling a ball with the size of 8-150mm and the weight of 400g-450kg in the ball mill's container. The size of the ball depends on the weight of carbon inputted. The container has 98mm of height and 90mm of inner diameter. The processing speeds of the ball mill have rotation speed of 32000rpm and revolution speed of 1200rpm. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 26

Example Patent: Chemical Vapour Synthesis Large Scale Manufacturing aerospace paints, smart fuel cells electronics coatings EP1867386 Method for the production of nanoparticles Assignee: Applied Materials, Inc (?) Inventor: WENDLING THOMAS Publication Date: 2007-12-19 Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the production of nanoparticles which may be optionally coated. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for the production of nanoparticles characterized in that precursors are subjected to substantially the same amount of activation energy in the activation zone at a predetermined concentration of precursors and at a predetermined time of exposure to the activation energy. Furthermore, the present invention relates to nanoparticles produced by the methods according to the present invention. Finally, the present invention concerns a device for producing nanoparticles according to the method of the present invention. The activation energy is selected from the group of RF plasma, MW plasma, IR plasma, thermal plasma, heat, photon absorption, plasma by electric discharge or radioactive radiation or sonar energy. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 27

Example Patent: Production in Liquid CO2 Medicine – automotive aerospace Photovoltaics air electronics diagnostics purification US2010044646 Supercritical fluid process for producing nano graphene platelets Assignee: Angstron Materials, Inc. (?) Inventor: ZHAMU ARUNA [US]; JANG BOR Z [US] Publication Date: 2010-02-25 Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing pristine or non-oxidized nano graphene platelets (NGPs) that are highly conductive. The process comprises: (i) subjecting a graphitic material to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel and then (ii) rapidly depressurizing the fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient for effecting exfoliation of the graphitic material to obtain the NGP material. Conductive NGPs can be used as a conductive additive in transparent electrodes for solar cells or flat panel displays (e.g., to replace expensive indium-tin oxide), battery and supercapacitor electrodes, and nanocomposite for electromagnetic wave interference (EMI) shielding and static charge dissipation, etc. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 28

Example Patent: Use of Scaffolds Photovoltaics Fuel Cells electronics coatngs US2010035062 MANUFACTURING METHODS OF MAGNESIUM-VANADIUM COMPOSITE OXIDE NANOPARTICLE AND MAGNESIUM- VANADIUM COMPOSITE OXIDE NANOPARTICLE MANUFACTURED BY THE SAME Assignee: Schaefer School of Engineering & Science (?) Inventor: LIM CHUL TACK [KR]; CHOI CHANG HWAN [KR]; CHUN BYOUNG JIN [KR]; YANG JIN HYUCK [KR] Publication Date: 2010-02-11 Abstract: Provided are manufacturing methods of a magnesium- vanadium composite oxide nanoparticle that make it possible to manufacture a composite oxide of several tens of nanometers in size containing two kinds of metals, and also to accurately design and manufacture a product material having a desired ratio between the metals, and a magnesium-vanadium composite oxide nanoparticle manufactured by the manufacturing methods. In the manufacturing method, a solution containing a magnesium salt and a vanadium salt is prepared. An organic polymer having nano-sized pores is dipped in the prepared solution, and is then heated until the organic polymer is calcined, thereby manufacturing a magnesium-vanadium composite oxide nanoparticle. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 29

Toxicology New EU regulation may require cosmetics manufacturers to list any nanoparticles contained in products marketed within the European Union • Approved on November 2009 by the Council of the European Union • All ingredients present in the product in the form of nanomaterials should be clearly indicated in the list of ingredients The ruling defines nanomaterial as 'an insoluble or 1,160 L’Oréal patents including ‘nano’ biopersistant and intentionally manufactured material with one or more external dimensions, or an internal structure, on the scale from 1 to 100 nm'. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 30

Nanotoxicology: A Large Network Pioneers in the prevention Own 3 patents on Now working with the EC Cell Nanotoxicology (See next Slide) Specialized Magazine A Network of Universities and Institutes Database © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 31

Example Patent: Toxicology Nanotoxicity WO2007094870 TOXICOLOGY AND CELLULAR EFFECT OF MANUFACTURED NANOMATERIALS Assignee: UNIV CALIFORNIA Inventor: CHEN FANQING [US] Publication Date: 2007-08-23 Abstract: The increasing use of nanotechnology in consumer products and medical applications underlies the importance of understanding its potential toxic effects to people and the environment. Herein are described methods and assays to predict and evaluate the cellular effects of nanomaterial exposure. We have performed whole genome expression array analysis and high content image analysis-based phenotypic measurements on human skin fibroblast cell populations exposed to multiwall carbon nano-onions (MWCNOs), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and semiconductor nanocrystals. Here we demonstrate that exposing cells to nanomaterials at cytotoxic doses induces cell cycle arrest and increases apoptosis/necrosis, activates genes involved in cellular transport, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and stress response.; Certain nanomaterials induce genes indicative of a strong immune and inflammatory response within skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, the described MWCNOs can be used as a therapeutic in the treatment of cancer due to its cytotoxicity. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 32

Patterns noticed in initial searches: • Most nanoparticle manufacturing patents primarily target a specific material or class of materials rather than an application • The application patents typically tend to be for formulations involving several components, and methods for manufacturing them • Many of the recent patents are from key emerging market locations including China and Russia • Many of the patents are about the manufacturing method and the nanoparticles: indicative of early stage of development of process © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved.

Volume/Quality Requirements for Nanoparticle Manufacturing We know some of the volume/quality requirements for nanoparticle manufacturing High Scaffolds for Drug Fuel Cells tissue formulations/ engineering Photovoltaic delivery Medical Cosmetics Quality Requirements Diagnostics Catalysis Air purification Automotive Aerospace Water purification Industrial lubricants Paints/coatings Experimental applications Cement/ Construction Low Low Volume Requirements High The key question will be which are the technologies that become adopted/accepted in each of these fields As the technology matures, the different industry field requirements will determin industrial reserved. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights R&D

…and finally… Please contact Ilian Iliev for a copy of the results and any other questions you may have: Ilian.iliev@cambridgeip.com +44 77 863 73965 Thank You ! Ilian Iliev Quentin Tannock (CEO and Co Founder) (Chairman and Co Founder) ilian.iliev@cambridgeip.com Quentin.Tannock@cambridgeip.com GSM: +44-077-863-73965 GSM: +44-077-862-10305 Tel: +44-1223-370-098 Tel: +44-1223-370-098 Corporate Office Internet Resources Cambridge Intellectual Property Ltd Website: www.cambridgeip.com Sheraton House Blog: www.cambridgeip.com/blog Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 OAX United Kingdom Sign-up for our Free Newsletter UK: +44 (0) 1223 370 098 on our Home Page Fax: +44 (0) 1223 370 040 © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 36 © 2010 Cambridge Intellectual Property Ltd. All rights reserved.

Example Patent: Planetary grinding Cosmetics drug drug delivery Medicine – reformulation / diagnostics reconstitution WO2007109244 NOVEL NANOPARTICLES FOR DELIVERY OF ACTIVE AGENTS Assignee: MOREHOUSE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE [US]; LILLARD JAMES W [US]; SINGH RAJESH [US]; SINGH SHAILESH [US] Inventor: LILLARD JAMES W [US]; SINGH RAJESH [US]; SINGH SHAILESH [US] Publication Date: 2007-09-27 Abstract: Milled nanoparticles comprising a biolgically active agent, at least one biopolymer and a coating containing at least one coating which is a polymer or ligand are produced using milling and coating techniques which have not previously been used for these applications © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 37

Example Patent: Sol-Gel electronics CN101597035 Method for preparing nano vanadium nitride electrode material Assignee: UNIV SICHUAN [CN] Inventor: HENG LIU [CN]; LING LU [CN] Publication Date: 2009-12-09 Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a nano vanadium nitride electrode material for a super capacitor. The method comprises the following steps: using analytically pure vanadium pentoxide as an initial raw material, preparing a precursor of nano vanadium nitride by a sol-gel method, filtering sol of V2O5, refrigerating the precursor for 20 to 30 hours at the temperature of between 20 DEG C below zero and 50 DEG C below zero in a refrigerator, then putting the precursor into a refrigeration dryer, and refrigerating and drying the precursor for 20 to 30 hours; and performing nitriding and reducing reaction on the precursor for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 550 and 800 DEG C under the atmosphere of ammonia gas to obtain nano-scale vanadium nitride granules. The method is simple to operate, and can prepare the spherical vanadium nitride granules of about 12 nanometers; and the vanadium nitride granules used as the electrode material for the super capacitor have specific capacity of 398 to 608 F/g. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 38

Example Patent: Laser Ablation aerospace lubricants for paints, smart industrial coatings components US20050287308 Method for producing nanoparticles and nanostructured films Assignee: UNIV TEXAS Inventor: BECKER MICHAEL F [US]; KETO JOHN W [US]; KOVAR DESIDERIO [US] Publication Date: 2005-12-29 Abstract: A method for producing composite, shelled, alloy and compound nanoparticles as well as nanostructured films of composite, shelled, alloy and compound nanoparticles by using laser ablation of microparticles is disclosed. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 39

Example Patent: Gas Phase Solid Gel aerospace paints, smart construction coatings and concrete CN1915811 Method for preparing Nano carbon white from fly ash based on gas phase sol gel method Assignee: UNIV JIANGSU [CN] Inventor: NI LIANG JIANG [CN] Publication Date: 2007-02-21 Abstract: This invention relates to a sol-gel method for preparing nanoscale white carbon black from fly ashes, NaF and concentrated H2SO4. The method comprises: (1) dissolving fly ashes in HNO3, and sintering at a high temperature to obtain SiO2; (2) dropping concentrated H2SO4 onto SiO2 and SiF4 to generate SiF4 gas, introducing SiF4 gas into solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, Sodium dodecyl sulfonate and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, hydrolyzing to obtain sol and then gel, and calcining to obtain nanoscale white carbon black. The obtained nanoscale white carbon black has diameters of about 20nm, and a specific surface area of 58-631 m2/g. Besides, the nanoscale white carbon black is semi-transparent white, and has such advantages as high purity, no obvious aggregation, high dispersibility and high activity. The method has such advantages as mild reaction conditions, easy control of the techniques and simple process. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 40

Example Patent: Sol-Gel drug delivery/ paints, smart (re) coatings Formulation WO2008072239 FORMATION OF NANOMETRIC CORE-SHELL PARTICLES HAVING A METAL OXIDE SHELL Assignee: SOL GEL TECHNOLOGIES LTD (Israel) Inventor: TOLEDANO OFER [IL]; SERTCHOOK HANAN [IL]; ABU-REZIQ RAED [IL]; BAR-SIMANTOV HAIM [IL]; SHAPIRO LEORA [IL] Publication Date: 2008-06-19 Abstract: A process for preparing nanocapsules having a core- shell structure, comprising: (a) preparing an oil-in-water emulsion by emulsification of an oily phase that comprises a core material, in an aqueous phase, under high shear forces, wherein one or both of the oily phase, and the aqueous phase comprises a sol-gel precursor; (b) subjecting the emulsion obtained in (a) to a high pressure homogenization to obtain a nano-emulsion; and (c) applying conditions for hydrolyzing and polycondensing the sol-gel precursor to obtain nanocapsules having a metal oxide shell encapsulating the core material, said nanocapsules have a particle size distribution of: d10 = 10-80 nm, d50 = 30-200 nm, and d90 = 70-500 nm, in diameter. The invention also relate to nanocapsules having the above particle size distribution and to composition comprising the nanocapsules. © 2010 CambridgeIP Ltd. All rights reserved. 41

CambridgeIP Nanoformulation: Patenting Trends in Nanoparticles

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