Living in the Future

Living in the Future Remote Video Lecture CIAU Board of Visitors Presented from Calit2 @ UCSD June 18, 2007 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Harry E. Gruber Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

Calit2 as an Experiment in the Future of Multi-Disciplinary Collaboration

California’s Institutes for Science and Innovation A Bold Experiment in Collaborative Research California NanoSystems Institute UCSF UCB California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology, and Quantitative Biomedical Research California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society UCSC UCD UCM www.ucop.edu/california-institutes UCSB UCLA UCI UCSD

Calit2 Continues to Pursue Its Initial Mission: Envisioning How the Extension of Innovative Telecommunications and Information Technologies Throughout the Physical World will Transform Critical Applications Important to the California Economy and its Citizens’ Quality Of Life . Calit2 is a University of California “Institutional Innovation” Experiment on How to Invent a Persistent Collaborative Research and Education Environment that Provides Insight into How the UC, a Major Research University, Might Evolve in the Future . Calit2 Review Report: p.1

Where is Telecommunications Research Performed? A Historic Shift Source: Bob Lucky, Telcordia/SAIC U.S. Industry Non-U.S. Universities U.S. Universities Percent Of The Papers Published IEEE Transactions On Communications 70% 85%

Calit2--A Systems Approach to the Future of the Internet and its Transformation of Our Society www.calit2.net Calit2 Has Assembled a Complex Social Network of Over 350 UC San Diego & UC Irvine Faculty Working in Multidisciplinary Teams With Staff, Students, Industry, and the Community Over 130 Companies and 300 Federal Grants in Collaboration with Calit2

Over the Next Decade Vast SensorNets Will Feed a Planetary Optical Core

The Small

Pervasive Self-Powered Micro- and Nano-Sensors

The Cheap

Mass Produced Radios

The Smart

System-on-Chip Integration of Computers with Sensors

The Big

Terabit Optical Internet Core

Gigabit Wireless Streams

Calit2’s New Approach to Research

Large Scale Testbeds

Build Integrated Systems

Work with End Users

Collaborate Across:

Disciplines

Campuses

University / Industry

Calit2 Large Grant Examples:

OptIPuter

CAMERA

LOOKING

RESCUE/WIISARD

Source: Rajesh Gupta, UCSD “ The all optical fibersphere in the center finds its complement in the wireless ethersphere on the edge of the network.” – George Gilder

Two New Calit2 Buildings Provide New Laboratories for “Living in the Future”

“ Convergence” Laboratory Facilities

Nanotech, BioMEMS, Chips, Radio, Photonics

Virtual Reality, Digital Cinema, HDTV, Gaming

Over 1000 Researchers in Two Buildings

Linked via Dedicated Optical Networks

UC Irvine www.calit2.net Preparing for a World in Which Distance is Eliminated… UC San Diego

The Calit2@UCSD Building is Designed for Prototyping Extremely High Bandwidth Applications 1.8 Million Feet of Cat6 Ethernet Cabling 150 Fiber Strands to Building; Experimental Roof Radio Antenna Farm Ubiquitous WiFi Photo: Tim Beach, Calit2 Over 10,000 Individual 1 Gbps Drops in the Building ~10G per Person UCSD is Only UC Campus with 10G CENIC Connection for ~30,000 Users 24 Fiber Pairs to Each Lab

Calit2 StarCAVE Telepresence “Holodeck” 60 GB Texture Memory, Renders Images 3,200 Times the Speed of Single PC Source: Tom DeFanti, Greg Dawe, Calit2 Connected at 200 Gb/s

Collaborative Center for Internet Epidemiology and Defenses

Joint project (UCSD/ICSI)

One of Four National NSF CyberTrust Centers

~30 Participants (PIs, Staff, Students, etc)

~7M in Federal/State Funding :

Microsoft, Intel, HP, VMWare, AT&T, Qualcomm

With Additional Support

Three Key Areas Of Interest

Infrastructure and Analysis for Understanding Large-Scale Internet Threats

Automated Defensive Technologies

Forensic, Economic and Legal Issues

Formed in November 2004

Source: Stefan Savage, CSE, UCSD www.ccied.org Principal Investigators Stefan Savage , UCSD Vern Paxson , ICSI Co-Principal Investigators Alex Snoeren, UCSD George Varghese , UCSD Geoffrey M. Voelker , UCSD Nicholas Weaver , ICSI

UCSD Network Telescope

Network Telescope: Monitor Large Range of Unused IP Addresses

Will Receive Scans from Infected Hosts (or DDoS Backscatter)

Very Scalable.

UCSD Telescope Monitors 17M+ Addresses

Source: Stefan Savage, CSE, UCSD www.ccied.org

Calit2 Brings Computer Scientists and Engineers Together with Biomedical Researchers

Some Areas of Concentration:

Algorithmic and System Biology

Bioinformatics

Metagenomics

Cancer Genomics

Human Genomic Variation and Disease

Proteomics

Mitochondrial Evolution

Computational Biology

Multi-Scale Cellular Imaging

Information Theory and Biological Systems

Telemedicine

UC Irvine UC Irvine Southern California Telemedicine Learning Center (TLC) National Biomedical Computation Resource an NIH supported resource center

Information Theorists Working with Bio, IT, and Nano Researchers Will Radically Transform Our View of Living Systems "Through the strong loupe of information theory, we will be able to watch how such [living] beings do what nonliving systems cannot do: extract information from their surrounds, store it in a stable molecular form, and eventually parcel it out for their creative endeavors. ... So viewed, the information circle becomes the unit of life.” --Werner Loewenstein The Touchstone of Life (1999) Calit2’s Information Theory and Applications Center http://ita.ucsd.edu

Ericsson: A Calit2 Industrial Partner with Breadth and Depth

Sponsored Research: Non-Exclusive Royalty Free

$ 6.2 Million with UC Discovery Match

17 Professors, 17 Students, 4 Post-docs

27 Student Fellowships

Two Endowed Chairs; Two Faculty Fellowships

Collaborations

Magnus Almgren: Taught Course in ECE

Jaap Harsten, Bluetooth Hands-On Course

Infrastructure

Base Stations, Always Best Connected

Help with

New Federal Grants: $22.5 Million

Inspired Two Startups

Microlink Ericsson UCSD

Calit2 Has Developed Research Partnerships with California’s Major Trading Partners

International Commerce Drives 25% Of California’s Economy

Largest Export Market is Computers and Electronic Products

Top Five Export Markets for California:

Mexico

Japan

Canada

China

South Korea

India is a Critical Growth Market for California

California is the Top State Exporting to India

Exports Between California and India Increased ~30% from 2004 and 2005

India and US Have an Action Plan to Double Bilateral Trade in 3 Years

i Grid 2005 Canada - California Strategic Innovation Partnership Summit

the Future of Ultra Broadband - Optical Networks, Massive Data Visualization, and Global Telepresence

Broadband Depends on Where You Are

Mobile Broadband

0.1-0.5 Mbps

Home Broadband

1-5 Mbps

University Dorm Room Broadband

10-100 Mbps

Calit2 Global Broadband

1,000-10,000 Mbps

100,000 Fold Range All Here Today! “ The future is already here, it’s just not evenly distributed” William Gibson, Author of Neuromancer

Dedicated Optical Channels Makes High Performance Cyberinfrastructure Possible Parallel Lambdas are Driving Optical Networking The Way Parallel Processors Drove 1990s Computing ( WDM) Source: Steve Wallach, Chiaro Networks “ Lambdas”

National Lambda Rail (NLR) and TeraGrid Provides Cyberinfrastructure Backbone for U.S. Researchers NLR 4 x 10Gb Lambdas Initially Capable of 40 x 10Gb wavelengths at Buildout Links Two Dozen State and Regional Optical Networks DOE, NSF, & NASA Using NLR San Francisco Pittsburgh Cleveland San Diego Los Angeles Portland Seattle Pensacola Baton Rouge Houston San Antonio Las Cruces / El Paso Phoenix New York City Washington, DC Raleigh Jacksonville Dallas Tulsa Atlanta Kansas City Denver Ogden/ Salt Lake City Boise Albuquerque UC-TeraGrid UIC/NW-Starlight Chicago International Collaborators NSF’s TeraGrid Has 4 x 10Gb Lambda Backbone

Lambda Services Enable 10Gb Line-Speed Security

In the Real World, Users will Demand Secure Lambdas

They Require it to be Invisible and Add No Perceptible Latency

Nortel Prototype Demoed

AES-256 Encryption [e.g. NSA Approved for U.S. Top Secret]

Less than 500 nsecs Latency Added

Optical Multi-service Edge (OME) Switching Hardware

Used on Lightpaths from Amsterdam and Canada thru Starlight to San Diego

Source: Kim RobertsNortel

September 26-30, 2005

Calit2 @ University of California, San Diego

California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Accelerator: Global Connections Between University Research Centers at 10Gbps T H E G L O B A L L A M B D A I N T E G R A T E D F A C I L I T Y Maxine Brown, Tom DeFanti, Co-Chairs www.igrid2005.org 21 Countries Driving 50 Demonstrations 1 or 10Gbps to Calit2@UCSD Building Sept 2005 i Grid 2005

Building a Global Collaboratorium Sony Digital Cinema Projector 24 Channel Digital Sound Gigabit/sec Each Seat

Uncompressed HD Telepresence 1500 Mbits/sec Calit2 to UW Research Channel Over NLR Photo: Harry Ammons, SDSC John Delaney, PI LOOKING, Neptune May 23, 2007

First Trans-Pacific Super High Definition Telepresence Meeting in New Calit2 Digital Cinema Auditorium Lays Technical Basis for Global Digital Cinema Sony NTT SGI Streaming 4k with JPEG 2000 Compression ½ gigabit/sec Keio University President Anzai UCSD Chancellor Fox

The OptIPuter Project: Creating High Resolution Portals Over Dedicated Optical Channels to Global Science Data Picture Source: Mark Ellisman, David Lee, Jason Leigh Calit2 (UCSD, UCI) and UIC Lead Campuses—Larry Smarr PI Univ. Partners: SDSC, USC, SDSU, NW, TA&M, UvA, SARA, KISTI, AIST Industry: IBM, Sun, Telcordia, Chiaro, Calient, Glimmerglass, Lucent $13.5M Over Five Years

OptIPortal–Termination Device for the Dedicated Gigabit/sec Lightpaths Photo Source: David Lee, Mark Ellisman NCMIR, UCSD Scalable Adaptive Graphics Environment (SAGE) Integration of High Definition Video Streams with Large Scale Image Display Tiled Walls

My OptIPortal TM – Affordable Termination Device for the OptIPuter Global Backplane

20 Dual CPU Nodes, 20 24” Monitors, ~$50,000

1/4 Teraflop, 5 Terabyte Storage, 45 Mega Pixels--Nice PC!

Scalable Adaptive Graphics Environment ( SAGE) Jason Leigh, EVL-UIC

Source: Phil Papadopoulos SDSC, Calit2

Beyond 4k – From 8 Megapixels Towards a Billion Megapixels Calit2@UCI Apple Tiled Display Wall Driven by 25 Dual-Processor G5s 50 Apple 30” Cinema Displays Source: Falko Kuester, Calit2@UCI NSF Infrastructure Grant Data—One Foot Resolution USGS Images of La Jolla, CA HDTV Digital Cameras Digital Cinema

High Resolution Aerial Photography Generates Images With 10,000 Times More Data than Landsat7 Shane DeGross, Telesis USGS Landsat7 Imagery 100 Foot Resolution Draped on elevation data New USGS Aerial Imagery At 1-Foot Resolution ~10x10 square miles of 350 US Cities 2.5 Billion Pixel Images Per City!

Multi-Gigapixel Images are Available from Film Scanners Today The Gigapxl Project http://gigapxl.org Balboa Park, San Diego Multi-GigaPixel Image

Large Image with Enormous Detail Require Interactive LambdaVision Systems One Square Inch Shot From 100 Yards The OptIPuter Project is Pursuing Obtaining some of these Images for LambdaVision 100M Pixel Walls http://gigapxl.org

The Future of Wireless Technology and Disaster Response

Transitioning to the “Always-On” Mobile Internet http://www.etforecasts.com/products/ES_intusersv2.htm Cellular + WiFi

Network Endpoints Are Becoming Complex Systems-on-Chip

Two Trends:

More Use of Chips with “Embedded Intelligence”

Networking of These Chips

Source: Rajesh Gupta, UCSD Director, Center for Microsystems Engineering Calit2 Has Created Nano/ MEMS Clean Rooms, RF, Embedded Processor & System-on-Chip Labs

Calit2 CalRADIO Smart Radio Hardware/Software Teaching & Research Platform

CalRADIO-I

Digital Signaling Processor + ARM

Operating System

RF WiFi (802.11x) Chip Set

MAC Functionality into 'C' Code

A Test Instrument, An Access Point, And A WiFi Client

CalRADIO-II

Gather Requirements and Specifications

Layer 1 to Layer 7 Software Access

Several RF Front-End Modules

802.11x

802.16

Cell

General RF

General Development Platform For Physical to Application Layers of Wireless Design http://research.calit2.net/calradio/ Physical layer Link layer Network layer Transport Session layer Presentation Application

The CWC Provides Calit2 With Deep Research in Many Component Areas Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty LOW-POWERED CIRCUITRY ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION COMMUNICATION THEORY COMMUNICATION NETWORKS MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS RF Mixed A/D ASIC Materials Smart Antennas Adaptive Arrays Modulation Channel Coding Multiple Access Compression Architecture Media Access Scheduling End-to-End QoS Hand-Off Scalable Video Smart Spaces Speech Recognition Center for Wireless Communications Source: UCSD CWC

Calit2 Has Extensive Circuits and Systems Labs

Millimeter Wave Lab:

20mHz–110GHz, uProbe Stations

Low Noise Shield Room

Micro-Amps & Micro-Meters

Power Lab Testbeds:

200mW – 2000W Amplifiers

Battery Management

Assembly and Wet Etch Lab

Wireless Platforms Lab:

DSP & FPGA Development Tools

System Integration

Interoperability Testbed

Basestation Lab:

Rooftop, On-the-Air Cellular Lab and Experimental Licenses

The Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing Will Have a Major Presence in the Calit2@UCI Building Director Ender Ayanoglu

Research on Res ponding to C rises and U nexpected E vents (RESCUE) Information Flow Within the Responding Organizations and the Public PIs: Sharad Mehrotra, UCI; Ramesh Rao, UCSD Five-Year $12.5 Million Large ITR Award-Started Oct 1, 2003

Networking & Computing Systems

Computing, Communication, & Storage Systems Under Extreme Situations

Information Centric Computing Enhanced Situational Awareness Social & Disaster Science Context, Model & Understanding of Process, Organizational Structure, Needs Engineering & Transportation Validation Platform for Role of IT Research

Security, Privacy& Trust

Cross Cutting Issue at Every Level

RESCUE Community Advisory Board Ellis Stanley – Chair General Manager, City of Los Angeles Emergency Preparedness Department Karen Butler Program Manager Communications Division San Diego Police Department William Maheu Assistant Chief of Police City of San Diego David Rose Lieutenant Officer UC San Diego Police Department Linda Bogue Emergency Mgmt. Coordinator Environmental Health and Safety University of California, Irvine Jim Watkins (retired) Governor’s Office Emergency Services Bob Garrott Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Mgmt. Paulette Murphy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) Dawna Finley Tom Hume Eileen Salmon City of Irvine Emergency Management

Desired Features Wireless Network Reconstruction

Quick Deployment at Ground Zero

Low Cost of Deployment and Ability to Use the Available Local Network Services

Minimal Configuration and Setup Complexity (Minimal Network Planning Time)

Flexibility in Network Reconfiguration

High Reliability, Availability, and Fault Tolerance

The Preferred Choice is a Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network

Calit2’s CalMesh— Re-establishing Internet Access & Team Communication

Self-Organizing--Forms a Reliable Wireless Mesh Network

Creates a Local “Wireless Bubble” 802.11-based WiFi

Variety of Backhaul Communication Technologies to Connect to Internet

Ethernet,

1xEVDO, 1xRTT,

WCDMA, UMTS,

WiMax

Supports Data and VoIP-Based Voice Traffic

NSF-Funded ResponSphere Establishes Calit2 Project Rescue Testbeds in Irvine and in San Diego

Gaslamp Quarter , San Diego/UCSD

Ubiquitous Wireless Coverage in Downtown San Diego

Test Network Architecture Enhancement and New Applications

Crisis Assessment, Mitigation, And Analysis – UCI Campus

Field-Test and Refine Research on Information Collection, Analysis, Sharing, and Dissemination in Controlled yet Realistic Settings

www.responsphere.org

NSF RESCUE Strongly Coupled with NIH WIISARD Grant W ireless I nternet I nformation S ystem for Medic a l R esponse in D isasters First Tier Mid Tier Wireless Networks Triage Command Center Reality Flythrough Mobile Video 802.11 pulse ox Calit2 is Working Closely with the First Responder Community

Calit2 Has Introduced Innovative Wireless Systems to Support SoCal First Responders

Aug. 22, 2006 MMST

Disaster Drill at

Calit2@UCSD Involved

Over 200 First Responders

Translating Field Experience Through the National Research Council’s CSTB

The Future of Nanobioinfo Convergence

President Kalam of India Believes Nanobioinfotech is the Future for 600,000 Villages

Interactive Knowledge System

Convergence of Info- Nano - Bio

Make the Bandwidth Available with No Limits

PURA--Societal Grid With Electronic Connection of a Billion People

Photo: Alan Decker, UCSD

Enormous Increase in Scale of Known Genes Over Last Decade 6.3 Billion Bases 5.6 Million Genes 1.8 Million Bases 1749 Genes ~3300x 1995 First Microbe Genome 2007 Ocean Microbial Metagenomics

Marine Genome Sequencing Project – Measuring the Genetic Diversity of Ocean Microbes Sorcerer II Data Will Double Number of Proteins in GenBank! Plus 155 Marine Microbial Genomes Specify Ocean Data Each Sample ~2000 Microbial Species

PI Larry Smarr Paul Gilna Ex. Dir. Calit2 is Now Attracting Private Foundation Grants Announced January 17, 2006--$24.5M Over Seven Years

Calit2’s Direct Access Core Architecture Will Create Next Generation Metagenomics Server Traditional User Response Request Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC, Calit2 + Web Services

Sargasso Sea Data

Sorcerer II Expedition (GOS)

JGI Community Sequencing Project

Moore Marine Microbial Project

NASA Goddard Satellite Data

Community Microbial Metagenomics Data

Flat File Server Farm W E B PORTAL Dedicated Compute Farm (100s of CPUs) TeraGrid: Cyberinfrastructure Backplane (scheduled activities, e.g. all by all comparison) (10000s of CPUs) Web (other service) Local Cluster Local Environment Direct Access Lambda Cnxns Data- Base Farm 10 GigE Fabric

Calit2 is Now OptIPuter Connecting Remote Moore-Funded Microbial Researchers NW! CICESE UW JCVI MIT SIO UCSD SDSU UIC EVL UCI OptIPortals OptIPortal UC Davis

Distribution of CAMERA User Registrations Nearly 1000 Registered Users From 45 Countries

Accelerator: The Perfect Storm-- Convergence of Engineering with Bio, Physics, & IT 2 mm HP MemorySpot Nanobio info technology 1000x Magnification MEMS 2 micron DNA-Conjugated Microbeads Human Adenovirus 400x Magnification NANO IBM Quantum Corral Iron Atoms on Copper 5 nanometers 400,000 x !

Calit2 is Creating a Nano-Bio-Info Innovation Laboratory at UC Irvine Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Science

Start with Fabrication Facilities for Micro & Nanosystems 8600 SQ FT clean room space with class 100/1000/10000 areas SEM/EDX with 3 nm resolution on 100 mm wafers Double-sided mask aligner for 150 mm wafers Low-temp PECVD Founded 1999 E-beam Lithography www.inrf.uci.edu 40 UCI Faculty from a Dozen Departments; 75 Industrial Users Deep Reactive Ion Etcher for bulk micromachining

INRF Supports Researchers in Nano and BioMEMS BioMEMS and Medical Applications Nanotechnology / Nanofabrication Spray atomization of nano powders New methods of making arrays of nanowires Boron-based nanowires for novel circuits Carbon nanotubes for sensor and electronic applications Micromirror on a catheter for optical biopsy using coherence tomography Protein crystallization in nanovolumes 0 ms 200 ms 400 ms 600 ms Microfluidic devices for electrophoretic separations Microfluidic devices using droplets, CD microfluidics and magnetohydrodynamics

INRF Also Supports Development of Novel Photonics and RF Devices Fiberoptic Communications RF and Wireless Communications Micro mirrors and tunable Fabry-Perot Interferometers Polymer waveguides, polarization controllers and other electro-optical devices Intelligent fiber-optic alignment algorithms All-fiber tunable devices including acousto-optic tunable filters Microwave imaging for damage assessment of structures Reconfigurable antennas with integrated RF MEMS switches Fe-GaAs integrated wideband microwave devices MEMS-based ultra-low-power RF receivers High-speed RF mixed-signal circuit design LNA Mechanical Mixer-Filter Mechanical RF Channel Selector Mechanical Switchable Resonator Vc

Example: Real-Time Electronic Readout from Single Biomolecule Sensors

Carbon Nanotube Circuits Provide Nanoscale Connectivity

New Techniques Integrate Single-Molecule Attachments

Dynamics and Interactions With the Environment Can be Directly Measured

Electronic Readout Compatible With Hand-held, Low-power Devices

Source: Phil Collins & Greg Weiss, Calit2@UCI 1 nm wiring 1 protein molecule … and without device in buffer with reagents Schematic & SEM Image of Carbon Nanotube-based Device

Add in New Nanofabrication and Material Characterization Labs at Calit2@UCI

Zeiss Microscopy Center

Focused Ion Beam

FEG-SEM

Environmental SEM

Thermal Analysis Lab and Atomic Force Microscope

Nanoimprinting Facility

Zeiss FIB 1-nm Carbon Nanotube Imaged by AFM Nanoimprinter

Calit2@UCI Nanobioinfotechnology “Innovation Pipeline” INRF Calit2 BiON Zeiss Center of Excellence Micro/Nano Materials and Devices Bio-Organic Nano Lab SEM, Advanced Characterization Three centers share a common infrastructure Photonics, RF, Chip Labs Integrate with Chips, Telecom Source: GP Li, Calit2

Lifechips--Merging Two Major Industries: Microelectronic Chips & Life Sciences LifeChips: the merging of two major industries, the microelectronic chip industry with the life science industry LifeChips medical devices 65 UCI Faculty

Calit2 Materials and Devices Laboratory: “Nano3” – Science, Engineering, Medicine Nano3 Facility CALIT2.UCSD 10,000 sq. feet Materials and Devices Labs Class 100/1000 Nearly 50 Academic Projects Source: Bernd Fruhberger, Calit2

Nano-Structured Porous Silicon Applied to Cancer Treatment Michael J. Sailor Research Group Chemistry and Biochemistry Nanostructured “Mother Ships” for Delivery of Cancer Therapeutics Nanodevices for In-vivo Detection & Treatment of Cancerous Tumors

A World of Distributed Sensors Starts with Integrated Nanosensors Ivan Schuller holding the first prototype in 2004 I. K. Schuller, A. Kummel, M. Sailor, W. Trogler, Y-H Lo Developing Multiple Nanosensors on a Single Chip, Integrated with Local Processing and Wireless Communications Technology Transfer: RedX (Explosive Sensors), RheVision (Fauvation Optics) 2006 MURI for Nanostructured Supersensors Guided wave optics Aqueous bio/chem sensors Fluidic circuit Free space optics Physical sensors Gas/chemical sensors Electronics (communication, powering)

Two Companies Spun Off From UCSD MURI for Nanostructured Supersensors