Presented by Marie-Charlotte Buisson (International Water Management Institute) and Liz Humphreys (International Rice Research Institute) Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference 21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/

1. 1
Our
vision

2. Water
Smart
Communi1es:
Drainage,
Sub-­‐hydrological
units,
Community
and
Governance
The
key
elements
to
realise
the
poten1al

3. WATER
SMART
COMMUNITIES
OPPORTUNITIES
• Rich,
valuable
and
under-­‐u2lized
resources
• Poten2al
for
improved
food
security
and
poverty
reduc2on
through
increased
produc2on
from
agriculture
&
aquaculture
• Poten2al
for
raising
the
living
standards
of
those
living
in
rural
regions
• Poten2al
for
ensuring
availability
of
polder
ecosystem
services
for
future
genera2ons

4. WATER
SMART
COMMUNITIES
REALIZING
THE
OPPORTUNITIES
Key
condi1on:
integra2on
of
policy
implementa2on
-­‐ requires
greater
coordina2on
between
ins2tu2ons
responsible
for
water
management,
food
produc2on
&
dissemina2on
Investment
in
infrastructure
improvement
inside
the
polders
to:
• Improve
agriculture
and
aquaculture
cropping
systems
• Enable
drainage
• Create
hydrologically-­‐defined
Water
Management
Units
(WMUs)
Improved
and
more
integrated
governance
for:
• A
community
approach
consistent
with
Small
Water
Management
Units
• A
transparent
and
accountable
water
governance
framework
• Formalizing
and
enhancing
the
role
of
LGIs
representa1ves
• A
viable
strategy
for
maintenance
of
infrastructure
This
approach
would
support:

5. Investment
in
infrastructure
improvement
inside
the
polders
Message
3:
Invest
in
water
management
infrastructure
•
(b)
Improving
drainage
as
the
key
interven1on
and
the
entry
point
for
cropping
intensifica1on
and
diversifica1on
• (c)
create
sub-­‐hydrological
units
within
the
polders

6. 6
2
Nov
2012
HYV
local
Strategic
drainage
during
the
rainy
season
enables
cul1va1on
of
HYV
&
thus
earlier
harvest
(mid-­‐Nov)
Message
3:
Invest
in
water
management
infrastructure
with
(b)
Improving
drainage
as
the
key
interven1on
and
the
entry
point
for
cropping
intensifica1on
and
diversifica1on

7. Message
3:
Invest
in
water
management
infrastructure
with
(b)
Improving
drainage
as
the
key
interven1on
and
the
entry
point
for
cropping
intensifica1on
and
diversifica1on
(cont.)
7
Drainage
shortly
before
aman
harvest
(early
Nov)
enables
soil
to
dry
for
early
(1mely)
establishment
of
rabi
crops

8. Sesame
Mungbean
The
consequences
of
late
rabi
crop
establishment
–
low
yields
or
complete
failure
due
to
early
kharif
rains
-­‐
high
yield,
high
value
crops
out
of
the
ques1on
(e.g.
sunflower,
maize)
AFTER
RICE
HARVEST
–
some
areas
Low
input
crops
–
late
sown
(Feb/Mar)
because
of
late
rice
harvest
8

10. Message
3:
Invest
in
water
management
infrastructure
with
(b)
Improving
drainage
as
the
key
interven1on
and
the
entry
point
for
cropping
intensifica1on
and
diversifica1on
(cont.)
10
Drainage
shortly
before
aman
harvest
(early
Nov)
enables
“early”
(1mely)
establishment
of
boro
(
transpl.
mid-­‐late
Dec),
⇒
reduced
irriga1on
requirement
for
boro

11. Drainage
is
also
the
key
to
produc1ve
aman-­‐shrimp
systems
:
•
leaching
salt
prior
to
aman
establishment
•
a_er
heavy
rain
during
aman
crop
•
many
advantages
for
shrimp/fish
produc1on

12. 12
Drainage
is
easy

13. 13
De-­‐sil1ng
of
khals
facilitates
drainage
&
increases
water
storage
for
irriga1on
when
rivers
too
saline

14. Drainage
will
be
even
more
important
in
the
future
with
sea
level
rise

15. Message
3:
Invest
in
water
management
infrastructure
(c)
create
sub-­‐hydrological
units
within
the
polders
•
Prevent
accumula2on
of
water
in
lower
lying
areas
• Reduce
high-­‐low
land
water
conflicts

16. Message
3:
Invest
in
water
management
infrastructure
(c)
create
sub-­‐hydrological
units
within
the
polders
•
separate
lands
of
higher
&
lower
eleva2on
•
make
use
of
exis1ng
roads,
strategic
construc2on
of
small
levees
(e.g.
0.5
m)
•
water
management
by
the
community
farming
within
the
sub-­‐hydrological
unit
•
adjacent
fields
have
common
or
compa1ble
cropping
systems
Community
water
management
units

17. Drainage
conges1on
in
aman-­‐shrimp
ghers
Could
be
managed
with
-­‐
good
canal
networks
(not
gher
to
gher)
-­‐
systema1c
opening
of
sluice
gate
at
low
1de
Community
water
management

18. Improved
and
more
integrated
governance
Message
5:
A
transparent
and
accountable
water
governance
framework
is
required
Message
4:
A
viable
strategy
for
maintenance
of
infrastructure
is
possible

19. A
TRANSPARENT
AND
ACCOUNTABLE
WATER
GOVERNANCE
FRAMEWORK
IS
REQUIRED
Numerous
actors
involved
in
the
management
of
water
in
Bangladesh
Coastal
Zone
Fragmented
and
disjointed
water
management
system
Lack
of
coordina1on
|
Overlapping
mandates
Conflicts
over
the
opera1on
of
the
gates
à
Inequity
in
decision
making
Lack
of
accountability
for
maintenance
à
Deteriora1on
of
infrastructures
• Water
Management
Organiza2ons
• Non
Government
Organiza2ons
• Informal
actors
• Union/Upazilla
Parishad
• Department
of
Agricultural
Extension,
Department
of
Fisheries
• Bangladesh
Water
Development
Board
• Local
Government
Engineering
Department
• Projects,
Programs
• Ministry
of
Water
Resources,
Ministry
of
Agriculture,
Ministry
of
Fisheries
and
Livestock,
Ministry
of
Environment
and
Forest
• Donors
• Role
and
responsibility
of
each
actor
should
be
explicitly
redefined
• Interac1ons
and
mechanisms
of
coordina1on
must
be
defined

20. A
TRANSPARENT
AND
ACCOUNTABLE
WATER
GOVERNANCE
FRAMEWORK
IS
REQUIRED
Scale
Boundary
Members
Sub-­‐Hydrological
units
(sHU)
Local
rural
roads/
levees
People
living
in
sHU
Sub-­‐Polder
(sP)
Provincial/district
roads,
embankments
sHU
Polder
(P)
Embankment
sP
Sub-­‐polder
Community
based
water
management
Unit/
Block
Integrated
water
resource
management
framework

21. A
TRANSPARENT
AND
ACCOUNTABLE
WATER
GOVERNANCE
FRAMEWORK
IS
REQUIRED
Formalize
and
enhance
the
role
of
LGIs
in
water
governance
In
spite
of
a
limited
formal
role,
Union
Parishad
are
already
ac2vely
involved
in
water
management:
• Opera1on
of
sluice
gates
• Emergency
maintenance
• Conflict
resolu1on
Community
members
trust
UP
and
request
larger
involvement
in
water
management
Union
Parishad
Coordina1on
Commihees
à
Scaling-­‐up,
integrate
water
management
in
their
agendas
Expected
benefits
• Improved
coordina2on
• Improved
accountability
• Longer
perspec2ves
than
project
based
WMOs
• Encourage
UP
and
LGIs
to
use
Social
Safety
Net
Funds
for
water
infrastructure
maintenance

22. A
VIABLE
STRATEGY
FOR
MAINTENANCE
OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
IS
POSSIBLE
COMMUNITY
LEVEL
Increasing
ownership
and
contribu1ons
• Give
WMOs
access
to
income
genera1ng
assets
like
lease
of
common
land
or
micro-­‐credit
• Devise
fair
rules
for
collec2on
of
maintenance
funds
• Tie
contribu1ons
to
individual
benefits
• Crea2ng
strong
local
ins2tu2ons
with
ownership
over
the
infrastructure
from
the
start
of
the
projects
• Crea2ng
homogenous
groups
so
that
members
have
shared
interest,
sub
hydrological
units

23. A
VIABLE
STRATEGY
FOR
MAINTENANCE
OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
IS
POSSIBLE
LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
LEVEL
Effec1ve
use
of
LGI’s
social
safety-­‐nets
funds
• Exis2ng
rehabilita2on
work
schemes
and
social
safety
nets
funds
are
accessible
to
Union
Parishad.
• Those
schemes
can
be
applied
to
maintenance
of
water
infrastructure.
• Employment
opportuni1es
for
the
landless
and
marginalized
groups
• Strengthens
the
role
of
LGIs
in
water
governance

24. A
VIABLE
STRATEGY
FOR
MAINTENANCE
OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
IS
POSSIBLE
GOVERNMENT
AND
DONOR
LEVEL
Trust
Fund
for
maintenance
GoB
Development
partner
Donor-­‐Government
Trust
Fund
• Long
term
Donor-­‐Government
Trust
Fund
for
regular
maintenance
of
water
infrastructure
• All
polders
get
alloca2ons
for
maintenance
from
interests
accrued
by
the
Trust
Fund.
Reference
point:
Climate
Change
Trust
Fund,
MoEF

25. 25
THANK
YOU