Airline Stuff

1 of 206 AIRLINE RESEARCHED STUFF List of airline mergers and acquisitions 2 List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft 4 List of defunct airlines 69 List of hub airports 123 World's largest airlines 158 List of low-cost airlines 172 Flag carrier 191 Airline bankruptcies 204

2 of 206 LIST OF AIRLINE MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS This article lists airline mergers and acquisitions, with a brief history of each: 1. Air West ■ 1968 - Pacific Air Lines (originally Southwest Airways), Bonanza Air Lines, and West Coast Airlines merged to form Air West ■ 1970 - Howard Hughes purchased Air West and renamed it Hughes Airwest 2. Delta Air Lines ■ 1924 - Started as Huff Daland Dusters ■ 1928 - Huff Daland Dusters was purchased by C.E. Woolman and renamed Delta Air Service after the Mississippi Delta ■ 1953 - Purchased the Chicago and Southern Air Lines, and flew under the name Delta C&S for the next two years ■ 1972 - Purchased Northeast Airlines ■ 1984 - Established the Delta Connection (ASA, Comair, Skywest, ...) ■ 1987 - Merged with Western Airlines ■ 1991 - Purchase of Pan Am's European routes, and acquired Pan Am's shuttle, forming what is today Delta Shuttle ■ 1996 - Delta Express began service, ended November 2003 ■ 2003 - Song began service, ended May 2006 ■ 2008 - Completed merger with Northwest Airlines. Became the world's largest carrier by passenger traffic (to keep Delta name) 3. Hughes Airwest ■ 1970 - Howard Hughes purchased Air West and renamed it Hughes Airwest ■ 1980 - Republic Airlines bought out Hughes Airwest 4. Northeast Airlines ■ 1972 - Delta purchased Northeast Airlines 5. Northwest Airlines

3 of 206 ■ 1916 - Founded by Col. Lewis Patenaude, under the name Northwest Airways ■ 1927 - Began flying passengers ■ 1949 - With its new routes to the far east, re-branded itself as Northwest Orient Airlines ■ 1986 - Purchased Republic Airlines, and dropped the word Orient from its brand name ■ 2008 - Merged with Delta to form the world's largest carrier. Currently a subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, Inc. Combined carrier will use the Delta name. 6. Pan Am ■ 1991 - Delta Air Lines purchased Pan Am's European routes, and acquired Pan Am's Shuttle 7. Republic Airlines ■ 1979 - Formed by the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways ■ 1980 - Bought out Hughes Airwest ■ 1986 - Northwest purchased Republic Airlines 8. Western Airlines ■ 1925 - First incorporated as Western Air Express by Harris Hanshue ■ 1926 - Western's first flight took place ■ 1928 - Reincorporated as Western Air Express Corp. ■ 1930 - Purchased Standard Airlines (subsidiary of Aero Corp. of Ca. founded in 1926). WAE with Fokker aircraft merged with Transcontinental Air Transport to form TWA. ■ 1934 - Western Air Express broke off from TWA and briefly changed its name to General Air Lines, returning to the name Western Air Express after several months ■ 1941 - Western Air Express changed its name to Western Air Lines, which was later altered to Western Airlines ■ 1967 - merged with Pacific Northern Airlines ■ 1987 - Delta merged with Western Airlines (kept Delta name)

4 of 206 LIST OF ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS INVOLVING COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT

5 of 206 Contents [hide] 1 1 1922 2 2 1930 3 3 1931 4 4 1933 5 5 1934 6 6 1935 7 7 1937 8 8 1938 9 9 1939 10 10 1940 11 11 1941 12 12 1942 13 13 1943 14 14 1945 15 15 1947 16 16 1948 17 17 1949 18 18 1950 19 19 1951 20 20 1952 21 21 1953 22 22 1954 23 23 1955 24 24 1956 25 25 1957 26 26 1958 27 27 1959 28 28 1960 29 29 1961 30 30 1962 31 31 1963 32 32 1964 33 33 1965 34 34 1966 35 35 1967 36 36 1968 37 37 1969

6 of 206 This list of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft is grouped by the years in which the accidents and incidents occurred. For more exhaustive lists, see the Aircraft Crash Record Office or the Aviation Safety Networkwebsites. [edit] 1922 ■ April 7 – A Daimler Hire Ltd.-operated de Havilland DH.18A, G-EAWO, collided with a Compagnie des Grands Express Aériens (CGEA)-operated Farman F.60 Goliath, F-GEAD, over the Thieulloy-St. Antoine road near Picardie, France, killing all seven people on both aircraft. Both machines had been using the road as a route marker in bad weather and poor visibility. This was the first mid-air collision of airliners.[1] [edit] 1930 ■ October 5 – The British airship R101 crashed north of Paris, killing 48 people in an eruption of flames. [edit] 1931 ■ March 21 – Australian National Airways Southern Cloud, an Avro 618 Ten, crashed in the Snowy Mountains while flying from Sydney to Melbourne. All eight on board were killed in Australia's first significant airline disaster. The crash site remained undiscovered for 27 years. Severe weather at the time of the flight was the likely cause of the accident. ■ March 31 – Transcontinental & Western Air Flight 599, a Fokker F-10 Trimotor, crashed near Cottonwood Falls, Kansas, killing all eight aboard, including University of Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne.

7 of 206 [edit] 1933 ■ October 10 – A United Airlines Boeing 247 was destroyed by a bomb over Chesterton, Indiana in the ﬁrst proven case of air sabotage on a commercial aircraft; all seven on board were killed. [edit] 1934 ■ December 20 – The KLM Douglas DC-2 PH-AJU called Uiver ran into bad weather on its way from The Netherlands to the Dutch East Indies and crashed in the Syrian desert. All four crew and three passengers were killed. [edit] 1935 ■ May 18 – The Tupolev ANT-20 known as Maxim Gorky during a demonstration ﬂight in Moscow is touched by the wing from an Ilyushin Il-5, falling into a residential district of Moscow killing 45 including 11 crew. [edit] 1937

8 of 206 Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei Hindenburg bursting into flames ■ January 12 – Western Air Express flight 7, a Boeing 247D (NC13315), crashed into Pinetos Peak northeast of San Fernando, near Saugus, Newhall, California while en route from Salt Lake City, Utah, to the Union Air Terminal, Burbank, California. Five of the 13 people aboard died. ■ May 6 – A Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei flight, the Zeppelin Hindenburg, burst into flames and crashed while attempting a landing at Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst in New Jersey; of the 97 people on board, 35 were killed. One person on the ground also died. ■ November 16 – A Sabena Junkers Ju 52 crashed near Ostend, Belgium, killing all 11 on board, including the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess Cecilie of Hesse, who was eight months pregnant. [edit] 1938 ■ January 10 – Northwest Airlines Flight 2, a Lockheed L14H Super Electra, crashed near Bozeman, Montana, killing all ten on board; the machine with which the manufacturer measured component vibration was found to be inaccurate, causing the aircraft to be more prone to flutter than thought. ■ October 25 – An Australian National Airways Douglas DC-2 crashed in heavy fog into Mount Dandenong in Victoria, Australia, killing all 18 people on board. [edit]

9 of 206 1939 ■ January 13 – Northwest Airlines Flight 1, a Lockheed L14H Super Electra, crashed on takeoff from Miles City, Montana, killing all four on board. The aircraft's cross-feed fuel valve leaked fuel into the cockpit and an intense ﬁre broke out. [edit] 1940 ■ June 14 – In the Kaleva shootdown, an Aero Junkers Ju 52-3/mge ﬂying from Tallinn, Estonia to Helsinki, Finland was shot down by two Soviet bombers over the Gulf of Finland during peacetime. All nine aboard died. ■ August 31 - Pennsylvania Central Airlines Trip 19, a Douglas DC-3A crashed in the Lovettsville Air Disaster at Lovettsville, Virginia killing all 25 aboard in the worst US airplane accident to that date and beginning the era of formal investigations under the Civil Aeronautics Board . [edit] 1941 ■ February 26 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 21, a DC-3, crashed while descending to land at Atlanta, Georgia, killing 16 of 25 aboard; World War I hero and Eastern Air Lines president Eddie Rickenbacker was among the survivors. [edit] 1942 ■ January 16 – TWA Flight 3, a Douglas DC-3 returning to California, crashed into Mount Potosi 30 miles southwest of Las Vegas. All 22 aboard died, including actress Carole Lombard and her mother.

10 of 206 [edit] 1943 ■ June 1 – BOAC Flight 777, a Douglas DC-3, was shot down by Luftwaffe fighter aircraft over the Bay of Biscay, killing 17 passengers and crew, including actor Leslie Howard and leading to speculation that the flight was attacked because German intelligence believed that British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was aboard. [edit] 1945 ■ April 14 - a Pennsylvania Central Airlines DC3 struck a mountain near Morgantown, West Virginia, killing all 20 people aboard. [edit] 1947 ■ August 12 – A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian named Star Dust disappeared over the Andes after transmitting an enigmatic coded message ("STENDEC"); the fate of the plane remained a mystery until the crash site was located in 2000; Four crew and nine passengers were killed. ■ October 24 – United Airlines Flight 608, a DC-6, crashed near Bryce Canyon Airport, Utah, when a fire caused by a design flaw destroyed the aircraft; all 52 on board died. [edit] 1948 ■ January 28 – A DC3 flight chartered by the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service crashed in the hills west of Coalinga, California,

11 of 206 killing 32. The crash became the impetus of the Woody Guthrie song "Deportee." ■ March 12 – Northwest Airlines Flight 4422, a DC-4, crashed into Mount Sanford in the Alaska Territory, killing 30. ■ April 5 – In the 1948 Gatow air disaster, a British European Airways Vickers VC.1 Viking crashed near RAF Gatow, Berlin after a collision with a Soviet Air Force Yakovlev Yak-3 fighter. All 14 people on board the Viking were killed, as was the Soviet pilot. ■ June 17 – United Airlines Flight 624, a DC-6, crashed near Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania after errors in attempting to extinguish what was believed to have been an on-board fire. All 43 on board died. ■ July 17 – Miss Macao, a Catalina seaplane operated by a Cathay Pacific subsidiary, over the Pearl River delta from Macau to Hong Kong, was hijacked with 23 passengers and three crew on board by a group attempting to rob the passengers. Following a struggle in the cockpit, a crash killed all on board except one passenger, later identified as the lead hijacker. This is the earliest known airliner hijacking. ■ October 2 – In the Bukken Bruse disaster, a flying boat crashed upon landing in Trondheim, Norway. 19 were killed; Bertrand Russell was among the 24 survivors. ■ October 20 – In the 1948 KLM Constellation air disaster, a Lockheed Constellation named Nijmegen crashed near Prestwick, Scotland, killing 40. [edit] 1949 ■ May 4 – In the Superga air disaster, an Italian Airlines FIAT G212CP carrying the Torino football team crashed into the Superga hills near Turin, killing all 31 on board, including 18 players. ■ September 9 – A Canadian Pacific Airlines Douglas DC-3 exploded in flight en route from Quebec City to Baie-Comeau, Quebec as the result of sabotage, killing all 23 on board.

12 of 206 ■ November 1 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 537, a Douglas DC-4, on approach to Washington National Airport, suffered a mid-air collision with a Lockheed P-38. All 55 people on board the DC-4 died, including Congressman George J. Bates, New Yorker cartoonist Helen E. Hokinson, and former Congressman Michael J. Kennedy. The pilot and sole occupant of the P-38 was seriously injured. ■ November 29 – American Airlines Flight 157, a Douglas DC-6 en route from New York City to Mexico City, veered off the runway and struck buildings after the flight crew lost control of the aircraft during its final approach to Dallas Love Field. 26 passengers and two flight attendants died. [edit] 1950 ■ March 12- An Airflight Avro 689 Tudor V stalled and crashed after the rear cargo hold was loaded with too little baggage. 80 out of the 83 people on board died. ■ June 24 – Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2501, a Douglas DC-4 with 58 people on board, disappeared without a trace over Lake Michigan. ■ August 31 – TWA Flight 903, a Lockheed L749A Constellation, crashed because of an engine fire, in the desert about 65 miles NNW of Cairo, Egypt. All 55 on board were killed. [edit] 1951 ■ April 25 – Cubana de Aviación Flight 493, a Douglas DC-4 en route from Miami, Florida to Havana, Cuba, collided in mid-air with a United States Navy Beech SNB-1 Kansan off Key West. All 43 aboard both aircraft were killed. ■ June 22 – Pan Am Flight 151, a Lockheed L049 Constellation en route from Accra, Ghana to Monrovia, Liberia, crashed into a hill near Sanoye in

13 of 206 Bong County, Liberia, 54 miles (86 km) from the airport. All 31 passengers and nine crew members died. ■ August 24 – United Airlines Flight 615, a Douglas DC-6B, crashed near De Coto (now Union City), California, while on final approach to Oakland, California. All 50 aboard were killed. [edit] 1952 ■ April 28 – Pan Am Flight 202, a Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, crashed after a propeller failure in a remote area of Brazil on its way from Buenos Aires, Argentina to New York City via Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All 50 on board were killed. [edit] 1953 ■ October 29 – British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines Flight 304, a Douglas DC-6, crashed into King's Mountain, southeast of Half Moon Bay, California, on its approach to the San Francisco International Airport. The accident killed all 11 passengers, including American pianist William Kapell, and the crew of eight. [edit] 1954 ■ January 10 – BOAC Flight 781, a de Havilland Comet flying from Rome to London on the last leg of a flight from Singapore, disintegrated in midair, when metal fatigue from repeated pressurization cycles compromised the fuselage, killing the 29 passengers and six crew. ■ April 8 – South African Airways Flight 201, a de Havilland Comet flying from Rome to Cairo bound for Johannesburg, disintegrated in midair, killing all 14 passengers and seven crew. As in BOAC Flight 781, metal suffered

14 of 206 fatigue at stress risers at the corners of the square windows in the aluminum skin. Subsequently, all pressurized aircraft windows have been constructed with wide radius corners. ■ September 5 – KLM Flight 633, a Lockheed L1049 Super Constellation, ditched after takeoff from Shannon Airport in Ireland, killing 28 of 56 on board. [edit] 1955 ■ February 19 – TWA Flight 260, a Martin 404, crashed into the Sandia Mountains near Albuquerque, New Mexico, killing all 16 on board. ■ March 20 - American Airlines Flight 711, a Convair CV-240, struck the ground during final approach in Springfield, MO. Of the 35 person aboard, there were 22 survivors. ■ March 26 – Pan American World Airways Flight 845/26, a Boeing 377, ditched into the Pacific Ocean off the Oregon coast, killing four. ■ April 11 – An Air India aircraft named Kashmir Princess exploded under suspicious circumstances. 16 people were killed and three survived. ■ July 27 – El Al Flight 402, a Lockheed L-049 Constellation, inadvertently strayed over Bulgarian territory on its way from Vienna to Tel Aviv, and was shot down by two Bulgarian fighter aircraft, killing all 58 on board. ■ October 6 – United Airlines Flight 409, a Douglas DC-4, crashed near Centennial, Wyoming, killing all 66 on board. ■ November 1 – United Airlines Flight 629, a Douglas DC-6B, was bombed by Jack Gilbert Graham over Denver, Colorado. All 44 on board were killed. [edit] 1956 ■ April 2 – Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2, a Boeing Stratocruiser, ditched into Puget Sound after takeoff from Seattle-Tacoma International Airport

15 of 206 after the cowl flaps were incorrectly set for takeoff. Four passengers and a flight attendant died, probably of hypothermia, while waiting for rescue; 33 survived. ■ June 30 – United Airlines Flight 718, a DC-7, collided with TWA Flight 2, a Lockheed Constellation, over the Grand Canyon, killing all 128 aboard both planes. Operating under VFR, the planes failed to see each other. The Federal Aviation Administration was created in the aftermath. The FAA established new rules for passenger carriers, among them the requirement to operate under IFR, even in good weather. ■ July 9 – A Trans-Canada Air Lines Vickers Viscount shed a propeller blade over Flat Rock, Michigan. The blade entered the passenger cabin, killing one of 35 aboard. This was the first known case of a turboprop shedding a blade in passenger service. ■ October 16 – Pan Am Flight 943 (also known as Flight 6), a Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, was forced to ditch in the Pacific Ocean between Hawai'i and San Francisco. All 31 on board were rescued by a nearby United States Coast Guard ship. ■ December 9 – Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810, a Canadair Northstar, crashed near Hope, British Columbia, Canada, killing all 62 people on board. The wreckage was located almost a year later. [edit] 1957 ■ February 1 – Northeast Airlines Flight 823, a Douglas DC-6, crashed during a snowstorm shortly after takeoff from LaGuardia Airport. Twenty of the 101 occupants died. ■ November 8 – Pan Am Flight 7, a Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, vanished between San Francisco and Honolulu. Small pieces of wreckage and human remains were found almost a week later by the United States Navy. All 44 on board are believed to have been killed. Carbon monoxide poisoning was a suspected cause of the crash.

16 of 206 ■ November 15 - Aquila Airways Short Solent flying boat crashed at Chessel Down, England, killing 45 out of the 58 on board. [edit] 1958 ■ February 6 – In the Munich air disaster, a British European Airways Airspeed Ambassador crashed during takeoff from Munich-Riem airport, killing 23 of 44, including eight Manchester United footballers. ■ February 27 – In the Winter Hill air disaster, a Silver City Bristol 170 Freighter travelling from the Isle of Man to Manchester Ringway Airport crashed into Winter Hill, Rivington Moor, Lancashire, killing 35 people and injuring seven. ■ April 6 – Capital Airlines Flight 67, a Vickers 745D Viscount, crashed at Tri-City Airport (now MBS International Airport) near Freeland, Michigan, killing all 47 passengers and crew. An undiscovered ice buildup on the wing and windy conditions were possible causes. ■ August 14 – KLM Flight 607-E, a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation (named "Hugo de Groot") en route from Brussels, Belgium to New York, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean shortly after takeoff from Shannon Airport in Ireland, killing all 99 passengers and crew, including six members of the Egyptian fencing team. [edit] 1959 ■ February 3 – American Airlines Flight 320, a Lockheed L-188 Super Electra, crashed into the East River, New York City, as a result of pilot error. Sixty-five passengers and crew were killed. ■ February 17 – Turkish Airlines international charter flight, a Vickers Viscount 793 carrying the Turkish prime minister and a party of government officials, crashed during its final approach to land at London Gatwick Airport, UK in extensive fog. Five of the eight crew and nine of the

17 of 206 sixteen passengers died in the accident. Prime minister Adnan Menderes was among the ten survivors. ■ October 30 – Piedmont Airlines Flight 349, a Douglas DC-3, crashed on Bucks Elbow Mountain near Charlottesville, Virginia, killing the crew of three and 23 of 24 passengers. The sole survivor was seriously injured. The cause was a navigational error during an ILS approach. ■ November 16 – National Airlines Flight 967, a Douglas DC-7B, crashed into the Gulf of Mexico while on a flight from Tampa, Florida to New Orleans, Louisiana, in a possible case of sabotage. All 40 on board perished. [edit] 1960 ■ January 6 – National Airlines Flight 2511, a DC-6B bound from New York to Miami, crashed near Bolivia, North Carolina, when a bomb planted on board exploded in mid-air. All 34 people on board were killed. ■ January 18 – Capital Airlines Flight 20, a Vickers Viscount flying from Washington to Norfolk crashed near Holdcroft, Virginia due to engine failure caused by icing conditions, all 50 on board killed. ■ March 17 – Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 710, a Lockheed L188 Super Electra en route from Chicago, Illinois to Miami, Florida, broke apart at 15,000 feet and crashed near Tell City, Indiana, killing all 63 on board. ■ October 4 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 375, a Lockheed L188 Super Electra, crashed on takeoff from Boston's Logan International Airport after a bird strike (a flock of starlings) damaged the engines, clogged the pitot tubes, and obstructed the pilot's view. The aircraft crashed into Winthrop Bay; 62 of 72 aboard died. ■ October 29 – A chartered Curtiss C-46 crashed on take-off at the Toledo Express Airport in Toledo, Ohio with the loss of twenty-two people including sixteen players on the California Polytechnic State University football team in what is known as the Cal Poly football team plane crash.

18 of 206 ■ December 16 – The 1960 New York air disaster: United Airlines Flight 826, a Douglas DC-8, and TWA Flight 266, a Lockheed Super Constellation, suffered a mid-air collision over Staten Island in New York. All 128 aboard the two planes and six people on the ground were killed. [edit] 1961 ■ January 3 – Aero Flight 311, a Douglas DC-3, crashed into woods near Koivulahti, Finland, killing all 25 on board. ■ February 15 – Sabena Flight 548, a Boeing 707, crashed on approach in Brussels, Belgium, killing 73, including the entire United States figure skating team: a runaway stabilizer is thought to have been the cause of the first fatal accident involving a 707 in regular passenger service. ■ September 17 – Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 706, a Lockheed L-188 Electra, crashed on takeoff from Chicago as a result of a maintenance error causing the ailerons to become detached from the control wheels. All 37 on board died. [edit] 1962 ■ March 1 – American Airlines Flight 1, a Boeing 707, crashed in Jamaica Bay, Queens, New York, killing 95. ■ March 4 – Caledonian Airways Flight 153, a Douglas DC-7, crashed into a jungle swamp at Douala, Cameroon, killing 111. ■ March 16 – Flying Tiger Line Flight 739, a Lockheed L1049 Super Constellation chartered by the United States military, and carrying 96 American soldiers en route to South Vietnam, disappeared over the western Pacific. ■ May 22 – Continental Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 707, breaks up in mid-air after a passenger's bomb exploded in the lavatory while the flight was near Unionville, Missouri. All 45 on board were killed.

19 of 206 ■ June 3 – Air France Charter Flight Chateau de Sully, a Boeing 707, skidded and burned after the pilot aborted takeoff at Orly Airport, killing many of Atlanta, Georgia's civic and cultural leaders. Two flight attendants were the only survivors, as 130 died in the worst one-aircraft accident to that date. ■ November 23 – United Airlines Flight 297, a Vickers Viscount 745D, crashed near Ellicott City, Maryland, following a bird strike. All 17 people on board died. ■ November 30 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 512, a Douglas DC-7B, crashed as a result of pilot error on a missed approach into New York's Idlewild Airport. 25 of 51 on board were killed. [edit] 1963 ■ July 3 – New Zealand National Airways Corporation Flight 441, a DC-3 Skyliner flying from Whenuapai Airport, Auckland to Tauranga, crashed into the Kaimai Ranges; all 23 aboard died, making it the worst air disaster in mainland New Zealand to date. ■ July 3 – Mohawk Airlines Flight 121, a Martin 404, crashed near Rochester, New York while attempting takeoff, killing seven of the 43 people on board. ■ August 21 – An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-124 ditched in the Neva river in Leningrad after engine failure. There were no fatalities among the 52 on board, but the aircraft was destroyed. ■ November 29 – Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 831, a Douglas DC-8, crashed shortly after takeoff from Montréal/Dorval Airport, killing all 118 people on board. ■ December 8 – Pan Am Flight 214, a Boeing 707, was struck by positive lightning and crashed near Elkton, Maryland, killing all 81 people on board. [edit] 1964

20 of 206 ■ February 25 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 304, was a Douglas DC-8 flying from New Orleans International Airport to Washington Reagan National Airport. It crashed into Lake Pontchartrain killing all 51 passengers and seven crew aboard. ■ May 7 – Pacific Air Lines Flight 773, a Fairchild F27, crashed near San Ramon, California, killing all 44 aboard, after a passenger shot both the captain and first officer before turning the gun on himself. ■ November 15 – Bonanza Air Lines Flight 114, a Fairchild F27, crashed into a mountain in poor weather while on a nighttime approach to Las Vegas, Nevada. All 29 aboard perished when the plane crashed only 10 feet (3 m) below a ridge. Initially blamed on a pilot's misreading his approach chart, years later the chart maker agreed to pay a settlement of US$490,000 to some of the victims' heirs after it was shown the chart had incorrect markings. ■ November 20 – Linjeflyg Flight 277, a Convair CV-340, crashed during the approach to Engelholm, Sweden, when in instrument meteorological conditions the crew abandoned the set procedure and began the landing too soon. 31 people were killed and 12 survived. ■ December 24 – Flying Tiger Line Flight 282, a Lockheed Constellation, crashed near San Bruno, California after an unexplained course deviation, killing the crew of three. [edit] 1965 ■ February 8 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 663, a Douglas DC-7B on takeoff, overreacted in avoiding Pan Am Flight 212 (a Boeing 707) on approach, lost control, and crashed into the ocean several miles off Jones Beach State Park, New York, killing all 84 on board. ■ May 20 – Pakistan International Airlines Flight 705, a Boeing 720, crashed on descent to Cairo International Airport, killing 119.

21 of 206 ■ July 1 – Continental Airlines Flight 12, a Boeing 707, ran off the end of the runway at Kansas City Downtown Airport, breaking into three pieces. All 66 on board survived. ■ August 16 – United Airlines Flight 389, a Boeing 727, crashed into Lake Michigan at night, after the pilots apparently misread their altimeters. All 24 passengers and six crew perished. ■ July 8 – Canadian Pacific Airlines Flight 21, a Douglas DC-6, crashed near 100 Mile House, British Columbia after the explosion of a device in the lavatory. All 46 passengers and six crew aboard perished. ■ November 11 – United Airlines Flight 227, a Boeing 727, crashed short of the runway during landing at Salt Lake City International Airport. Forty- three of 91 aboard were killed. [edit] 1966 ■ January 24 – Air India Flight 101, a Boeing 707-437, crashed into the south west face of Mont Blanc in France. All 106 passengers and 11 crew were killed. ■ February 4 – All Nippon Airways Flight 60, a Boeing 727-100, crashed into Tokyo Bay, Japan. All 133 aboard were killed. ■ March 4 – Canadian Pacific Airlines Flight 402 (CP402), a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-43 crashed on landing at Tokyo International Airport in Japan, killing 64 passengers and crew, eight passengers survived. ■ March 5 – BOAC Flight 911, a Boeing 707 bound for Hong Kong, crashed at Mount Fuji near Gotenba, Japan, killing all 124 passengers and crew. ■ August 6 – All 42 on board were killed when Braniff Flight 250, a BAC One-Eleven, flew into an active squall line and broke apart in mid-air near Falls City, Nebraska. ■ October 1 – West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashed with 18 fatalities 5.5 miles south of Wemme, Oregon, marking the first loss of a Douglas DC-9.

22 of 206 ■ November 13 – All Nippon Airways Flight 533, a NAMC YS-11, plunged into Seto Inland Sea after an overrun at Matsuyama Airport, Shikoku, Japan, killing all 50 passengers and crew. ■ November 15 – Pan Am Flight 708, a Boeing 727, crashed near Berlin, Germany. All three crew members were killed. ■ November 24 – Bulgarian-Soviet Transport Aviation Corporation Flight 101, an Ilyushin IL-18B, crashed into a wooded hillside shortly after takeoff from Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, killing all 82 aboard. [edit] 1967 ■ March 9 – TWA Flight 553, a Douglas DC-9, collided with a Beechcraft Baron near Dayton, Ohio, killing all 26 on both planes. ■ June 4 – In the Stockport air disaster, a British Midland Canadair C4 Argonaut carrying passengers returning from Palma de Mallorca was on approach to Manchester Airport when an engine lost power because of a design failure in the aircraft's fuel system. 72 of 84 on board were killed. ■ June 23 – Mohawk Airlines Flight 40, a BAC One-Eleven, crashed in Blossburg, Pennsylvania, killing all 34 people on board. ■ July 19 – Piedmont Airlines Flight 22, a Boeing 727 departing from Asheville, North Carolina, crashed shortly after departure after a mid-air collision with a twin-engine Cessna 310 on instrument approach to Asheville. All 82 passengers and crew on both aircraft died. ■ November 4 – Iberia Airlines Flight 062, a Sud Aviation Caravelle, crashed at Black Down Hill Sussex, United Kingdom. All 37 passengers and crew were killed, including actress June Thorburn, who was six months pregnant. ■ November 20 – TWA Flight 128, a Convair 880, crashed in Constance, Kentucky on approach to Greater Cincinnati Airport, killing 70 of 82 persons on board. [edit]

23 of 206 1968 ■ March 24 – Aer Lingus Flight 712, a Vickers Viscount 803, crashed off the Irish coast. All 61 on board perished. ■ April 8 – BOAC Flight 712, a Boeing 707, suffered an engine fire after takeoff from London Heathrow Airport. The plane made an emergency landing at Heathrow, but five of 127 aboard died in the resulting fire. ■ May 3 – Braniff Flight 352, a Lockheed L188A Super Electra en route from Houston, Texas to Dallas, crashed in a thunderstorm, killing its five crew and 80 passengers. ■ May 22 – Los Angeles Airways Flight 841, a Sikorsky S-61L, crashed near Paramount, California resulting in the loss of 23 lives. ■ July 1 – Seaboard World Airlines Flight 253, a Douglas DC-8, was forced to land in the Soviet Union. On board were over 200 American troops bound for Vietnam. ■ August 14 – Los Angeles Airways Flight 417, a Sikorsky S-61L prototype, crashed in Compton, California resulting in the loss of 21 lives. ■ September 11 – Air France Flight 1611, a Sud Caravelle, crashed off Nice, France, killing 95 passengers and crew. ■ October 25 – Northeast Airlines Flight 946, a Fairchild 227, crashed near Etna, New Hampshire, killing 32 passengers and crew. [edit] 1969 ■ January 18 – United Airlines Flight 266, a Boeing 727 en route from Los Angeles to Milwaukee, Wisconsin lost all electrical power and crashed into Santa Monica Bay. Six crew and 32 passengers were killed. ■ February 18 – Hawthorne Nevada Airlines Flight 708, a Douglas DC-3, crashed near Lone Pine, California, killing all 35 people on board. ■ April 2 – LOT Polish Airlines Flight LO 165, an Antonov An-24, crashed in southern Poland, killing all 53 people on board.

24 of 206 ■ September 9 – Allegheny Airlines Flight 853, a Douglas DC-9, collided in ﬂight with a Piper PA-28 Cherokee and crashed near Fairland, Indiana, killing all 83 occupants aboard the two aircraft. ■ September 12 – Philippine Airlines Flight PR158, a BAC One-Eleven, crashes on approach to Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport killing 45 of the 47 passengers and crew on board. ■ November 19 – Mohawk Airlines Flight 411, a Fairchild 227, crashed near Glens Falls, New York, killing all 14 people on board. [edit] 1970 ■ February 15 – Contaminated fuel caused dual engine failure shortly after takeoff from Las Américas International Airport near Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in the Dominicana DC-9 air disaster. All 102 on board were killed. ■ February 21 – A bomb in the cargo hold of Swissair Flight 330, a Convair CV-990, detonated nine minutes after takeoff from Zürich International Airport in Kloten, Switzerland. All 38 passengers and nine crew perished. ■ March 31 – Japan Airlines Flight 351, a Boeing 727, was hijacked to North Korea by a Japanese Red Army faction. ■ May 2 – ALM Flight 980, a Douglas DC-9 operated by Overseas National Airways, ditched near St. Croix, Virgin Islands, killing 23, including two infants and one crew member; 40, including 4 crew members, survived. ■ July 5 – Air Canada Flight 621, a Douglas DC-8, exploded following a failed landing at Toronto Pearson International Airport, with 109 fatalities. ■ August 9 – LANSA Flight 502, a Lockheed Electra turboprop, crashed and burned shortly after takeoff from Cuzco, Peru, killing 99 people on the plane and two on the ground; among the dead were 49 American high school exchange students. ■ August 12 – China Airlines Flight 206, a NAMC YS-11, crashed in thick fog and a severe thunderstorm into Yuan Mountain, near Taipei Airport, killing 14 of 31 people on board.

25 of 206 ■ September 6 – The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine orchestrated the Dawson's Field hijackings of El Al Flight 219, Pan Am Flight 93, Swissair Flight 100, TWA Flight 741, and (on September 9) BOAC Flight 775. The unprecedented scale of the incident drew international outrage and played a major role in instigating the eventual widespread implementation of air passenger screening, heretofore done only haphazardly and inconsistently. ■ October 2 – In what is known as the Wichita State Crash, a Martin 4-0-4 aircraft crashed near Silver Plume, Colorado. It was one of two planes carrying the Wichita State University football team to Logan, Utah for a game. Twenty-eight passengers, the plane's captain and a flight attendant died out of forty passengers on board. ■ November 14 – Southern Airways Flight 932, a chartered Douglas DC-9, crashed on approach at Tri-State Airport in Huntington, West Virginia, killing all 75 on board, including 37 players of the Marshall University football team and all but one of the coaching staff. [edit] 1971 ■ June 6 – Following a mid-air collision with a United States Marine Corps McDonell-Douglas F-4B Phantom II jet fighter, Hughes Airwest Flight 706, a Douglas DC-9, crashed into the San Gabriel Mountains near Duarte, California, killing all 49 people aboard. The pilot of the Phantom also died. The radar intercept officer on the Phantom successfully bailed out. ■ July 3 – Toa Domestic Airlines Flight 64, a NAMC YS-11, hit Yokotsudake (Yokotsu Mountain) near Hakodate Airport, Hokkaidō, Japan, killing all 68 passengers and crew. ■ July 30 – ANA Flight 58, a Boeing 727-200, collided with a JSDF F-86 fighter jet at Shizukuishi near Morioka, Japan, killing all 162 passengers and crew; the JSDF pilot parachuted to safety, and was later arrested by local police on suspicion of colliding with a civilian aircraft.

26 of 206 ■ July 30 – Pan American Airways Flight 845, a Boeing 747-100, attempts to take off overloaded from San Francisco. Over-running the runway and colliding with runway lighting and pier, the impact severs flight control systems and damages the flaps, landing gear and aircraft bulkheads. The plane gets airborne, circles, and lands safely. There are 20 injuries, 10 of them serious, but no fatalities.[2] ■ November 24 – A man reported as D. B. Cooper hijacked Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 305, a Boeing 727, out of Portland, Oregon. He released the passengers in exchange for US$200,000 and four parachutes. The crew took off with Cooper on board, and he parachuted from the plane. Cooper was never found and his fate is still unknown, although a roll of bills from his ransom was found in a riverbed many years later. ■ December 24 – LANSA Flight 508, a Lockheed Electra en route from Lima to Pucallpa, Peru, broke apart in mid-air after being set aflame by lightning. It crashed in the Amazon Rainforest and 91 people died; the sole survivor was Juliane Koepcke, a 17-year old girl who survived a fall from 2 miles and a 10-day walk through the jungle before being found by hunters. Her mother, famous ornithologist Maria Koepcke, died; cinema director Werner Herzog had narrowly missed being on the same flight. [edit] 1972 ■ January 26 – JAT Yugoslav Flight 367, a Douglas DC-9, suffered a bomb explosion while en route from Copenhagen to Zagreb. Twenty-seven of twenty-eight on board were killed. Vesna Vulović, the only survivor, was entered in the Guinness Book of World Records for surviving the longest fall without a parachute, over ten thousand meters. ■ March 3 – Mohawk Airlines Flight 405, a Fairchild Hiller FH227B twin- engine turboprop, crashed near Albany, New York while descending to land, killing 16 of the 48 people on board and 1 on the ground.

27 of 206 ■ May 5 – Alitalia Flight 112, was a Douglas DC-8 scheduled flight from Leonardo da Vinci Airport, in Rome, Italy, to Palermo International Airport in Palermo, Italy, with 115 on board. It crashed into Mount Longa, about 5 km (3.1 mi) south-west of Palermo while on approach. All passengers and crew died. Investigators believe that the crew had 3 miles visibility and did not adhere to the established vectors issued by air traffic control. It remains the deadliest single-aircraft disaster in Italy. ■ May 30 – Delta Air Lines Flight 9570, a Douglas DC-9, crashed at Greater Southwest International Airport because of wake turbulence from a leading McDonnell Douglas DC-10. All four on board perished. ■ June 12 – American Airlines Flight 96, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, suffered explosive decompression when one of its cargo doors failed in flight. The crew managed an emergency landing at Detroit, Michigan, and all 67 on board evacuated safely. ■ June 15 – A carry-on suitcase bomb exploded on Cathay Pacific Flight 700Z, a Convair CV-880, at 29,000 feet over Vietnam. All 81 on board perished. ■ June 18 – British European Airways Flight 548, a Hawker Siddeley Trident, went through a series of stalls as a result of pilot error, followed by a deep stall and crashed near Staines, United Kingdom. All 118 on board were killed. ■ June 24 – Prinair Flight 191 was over-rotated because of pilot error and crashed in Ponce, Puerto Rico, killing 5 of 20 people on board. ■ October 13 – Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashed in the Andes, passengers survived for 72 days by feeding on the dead. ■ December 8 – United Airlines Flight 553 crashed after aborting its landing attempt at Chicago Midway International Airport, killing 43 of 60 people on board and 2 people on the ground. Among those killed was Dorothy Hunt, wife of Watergate conspirator E. Howard Hunt. ■ December 23 – Braathens Flight 239 crashed in Asker upon landing at Fornebu airport, Oslo, Norway, killing 40 of 45 people on board. The aircraft was four nmi off course in bad weather conditions.

28 of 206 ■ December 29 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 401, a Lockheed Tristar, crashed in the Florida Everglades, killing 103 of 176 people on board. The crew was distracted by a faulty gear-down light, resulting in controlled flight into terrain. This was the first crash of a widebody aircraft. [edit] 1973 ■ February 21 – Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, a Boeing 727, flew off course and was shot down by Israeli jets in the Sinai war zone, killing 108 of 113 people on board. ■ April 10 - Invicta International Airlines Flight Oscar Papa, a Vickers Vanguard 952 from Bristol Lulsgate to Basle, flew into a hillside near Hochwald, Switzerland, somersaulted and broke up, killing 108 with 40 survivors. ■ June 3 - Russian Tupolev Tu-144 crashed at the Paris Air Show, Killing 6 crew and 8 on ground. ■ July 11 – Varig Flight 820, a Boeing 707, experienced an on-board fire and crashed near Paris, France, killing 123 out of 134 on board. ■ July 22 – Pan American World Airways Flight 816, a Boeing 707, The aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff from Faa'a's airport Tahiti, French Polynesia. The cause of crash is unknown, killing 77 out of 78 on board. ■ July 23 – Japan Air Lines Flight 404, a Boeing 747, was hijacked after takeoff from Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands. One terrorist was killed and the flight's purser injured by a grenade blast during the hijacking. After several days and multiple flight legs, the passengers were released in Benghazi, Libya and the aircraft was blown up on the ground. ■ July 31 – Delta Air Lines Flight 723, a Douglas DC-9, hit a seawall with main landing gear on the final approach to Boston Logan International Airport. A defective instrument gave misleading guidance during the instrument approach in visibility less than a half mile with 500-foot cloud ceilings.

29 of 206 ■ August 13 – Aviaco Flight 118, a Sud Caravelle en-route from Madrid to La Coruña crashed while approaching La Coruña Alvedro airport, in Montrove, 2 km from the airport. 84 of 85 died. ■ December 17 – Pan Am Flight 110, a Boeing 707, was firebombed by Palestinian militants while at gate in Rome, Italy killing 29 of 68 passengers and crew. They then hijacked a Lufthansa Boeing 737 to Athens. In total, 33 died as a result of the firebombing and hijacking. [edit] 1974 ■ March 3 – Turkish Airlines Flight 981, a DC-10, crashed in the Ermenonville forest near Senlis, France after the rear underfloor cargo door opened during flight; all 346 on board died. ■ September 8 – A bomb in the cargo hold of TWA Flight 841 plunged it into the Ionian Sea, killing all 88 on board. ■ September 11 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 212, a DC-9, crashed on approach to Charlotte, North Carolina; 72 of 82 people on board were killed. ■ September 15 – Air Vietnam Flight 706 was hijacked and crashed in Phan Rang, Vietnam; all 75 on board died. ■ November 20 – Lufthansa Flight 540 crashed shortly after takeoff in Nairobi, Kenya; 59 of 157 on board were killed in the first crash of a Boeing 747. ■ December 1 – TWA Flight 514, a Boeing 727 in-bound to Dulles International Airport, crashed into Mount Weather in Bluemont, Virginia, killing all 85 passengers and 7 crew. [edit] 1975

30 of 206 ■ January 9 - Golden West Airlines Flight 261, a De Havilland Twin Otter, collides with a Cessna 150 near Whittier, California, killing all 14 people in both aircrafts. ■ June 24 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 66, a Boeing 727, encounters wind shear on ﬁnal approach and strikes approach lights at John F. Kennedy International Airport, killing 112 of 124 people on board. ■ September 30 – Malév Flight 240, a Tupolev Tu-154, crashes on approach near Lebanon, killing all 60 people on board. [edit] 1976 ■ January 1 – Middle East Airlines Flight 438, a Boeing 720, crashed in Saudi Arabia when a bomb exploded in the forward baggage compartment, killing all 81 people on board. ■ April 27 – American Airlines Flight 625, a Boeing 727, crashed on approach to St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, killing 37 of 88 people on board. ■ June 27 – Air France Flight 139, an Airbus A300, was hijacked from Athens by two Palestinians and two Germans who diverted the ﬂight to Libya and then to Uganda, where the plane was met by pro-Palestinian forces from Idi Amin's government. Israeli troops eventually stormed the airport in Operation Entebbe, killing hijackers and Ugandan soldiers and freeing all but three of the hostages. Israeli colonel Yonatan Netanyahu, brother of Benjamin Netanyahu, was also killed in the raid. ■ July 28 – ČSA Flight OK-NAB, an Ilyushin Il-18, crashed near Bratislava in Czechoslovakia, killing 76 of 78 people on board. ■ August 15 – SAETA Flight 232, a Vickers Viscount 785D, went missing mid-route from Quito to Cuenca, Ecuador. All 4 crew members and 55 passengers were killed, but the scene went undiscovered for 26 years until October 17, 2002, when climbers on the eastern face of the stratovolcano Chimborazo came upon the site.

31 of 206 ■ September 10 – A mid-air collision occurred between a British Airways Hawker Siddeley Trident and an Inex-Adria Douglas DC-9 near Zagreb, Yugoslavia, killing all 176 people on board both aircraft. ■ October 6 – Cubana Flight 455, a Douglas DC-8, was bombed by anti- Castro terrorists and crashed near Bridgetown, Barbados, killing all 73 people on board. [edit] 1977 ■ January 15 – Skyline Sweden-operated Linjeﬂyg Flight 618, a Vickers Viscount 838, crashed in Kälvesta, Sweden just outside Stockholm, killing all 22 on board. ■ March 27 – KLM Flight 4805 and Pan Am Flight 1736, both Boeing 747s, collided in the Tenerife disaster (Los Rodeos Airport) TenerifeCanary Islands. This accident, the worst in the history of commercial aviation, killed 583 of 644 people on board both aircraft. ■ April 4 – Southern Airways Flight 242, a Douglas DC-9, crash-landed on a highway near New Hope, Georgia after dual engine failure encountered in a thunderstorm. 63 out of 85 aboard were killed, along with 9 people on the ground. ■ April 28 – An Aviateca Convair 240 crashed near Guatemala City, Guatemala, killing all 28 people on board ■ May 14 – A Dan-Air/IAS Cargo Boeing 707 crashed near Lusaka, Zambia, killing all 6 on board. ■ May 27 – An Aeroﬂot Ilyushin Il-62 crashed on approach in Havana, Cuba. It remains the second-worst air accident in Cuba's history. ■ September 28 – Japan Air Lines Flight 472, a Douglas DC-8, was hijacked after taking off from Mumbai, India by Japanese Red Army (JRA) terrorists. The terrorists forced the plane to land in Dhaka, Bangladesh, where they demanded US$6,000,000 and the release of nine imprisoned JRA members being held in Japan. The Japanese government complied and all of the hostages were eventually released.

32 of 206 ■ October 13 – Lufthansa Flight 181, a Boeing 737, was hijacked by four Palestinian members of the PFLP. The hijackers killed the captain; subsequently, German police commandos from GSG 9 stormed the aircraft, killing three of the hijackers and capturing the fourth, with no other casualties. ■ October 20 – Lynyrd Skynyrd's chartered Convair 240 airliner ran out of fuel en route to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, crashing five miles north of Gillsburg, Mississippi in a swampy pine forest while trying to reach an alternate airport. Band members Ronnie Van Zant, Steve and Cassie Gaines, plus assistant road manager Dean Kilpatrick and the two pilots of the plane, were killed in the accident. ■ November 19 – TAP Portugal Flight 425, a Boeing 727, overran the runway at Madeira Airport and plunged over a steep bank, bursting into flames and killing 131 of the 164 people on board. ■ December 4 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 653, a Boeing 737, was hijacked under mysterious circumstances; minutes later, the airliner crashed into a swamp near Tanjung Kupang, Malaysia at a steep angle, killing all 100 people aboard. ■ December 18 – SA de Transport Aérien Flight 730, a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle 10R, crashed into the sea while on final approach to Madeira Airport, killing 36 people. [edit] 1978 ■ January 1 – Air-India Flight 855, a Boeing 747, crashed into the Arabian Sea as a result of instrument malfunction and pilot error. All 213 passengers and crew died. ■ February 11 – Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314, a 737-200 from Edmonton crashed at Cranbrook Airport after thrust reversers did not fully stow following a rejected landing killing 42 of the 48 people on board. ■ March 16 - a Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 crashed near the village of Gabare, Bulgaria. All 73 people on board died.

33 of 206 ■ April 20 – Korean Air Lines Flight 902, a Boeing 707, was shot down by Soviet fighter planes. The plane crash-landed near the Soviet Union's border with Finland; 2 of the 109 people on board were killed. The rest were subsequently released. ■ May 8 – National Airlines Flight 193, a Boeing 727, landed short on approach to Pensacola, Florida, United States in Escambia Bay, as a result of pilot error. Three passengers out of fifty-eight people on board drowned. ■ June 26 – Air Canada Flight 189, a McDonnell-Douglas DC-9, crashed on takeoff in Toronto, Ontario, Canada because of tire failure. Two died out of 107 passengers on board. ■ September 3 – Air Rhodesia Flight RH825, a scheduled flight flying from Kariba to Salisbury was shot down by a SA-7 surface-to-air missile. Eighteen of the fifty-six passengers initially survived the emergency landing, 10 were subsequently murdered by ZIPRA terrorists. ■ September 25 – Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 182, a Boeing 727, collided with a Cessna 172 over San Diego, California, United States. All 135 aboard the airliner, both pilots of the Cessna, and 7 people on the ground were killed, making this the worst aviation disaster in California history. ■ November 15 – Icelandic Airlines Flight LL 001, a Douglas DC-8 on a charter flight, crashed into a coconut plantation while on approach to Katunayake, Sri Lanka for a refueling stop. 184 out of 264 people on board were killed. ■ December 28 – United Airlines Flight 173, a Douglas DC-8, ran out of fuel while circling near Portland, Oregon, United States so that the crew could investigate a light indicating a problem with the landing gear. The plane crashed in a wooded area, killing 10 and injuring 24 of the 181 on board. [edit] 1979 ■ February 12 - Air Rhodesia Flight RH827, Umniati was a scheduled civilian flight between Kariba and Salisbury that was shot down on 12

34 of 206 February 1979 by ZIPRA terrorists using a SA-7 (Strela 2) surface-to-air missile soon after take off in similar circumstances to Flight RH825 five month earlier. The 55 passengers and 4 crew were all killed. ■ May 25 – American Airlines Flight 191, a McDonnell-Douglas DC-10, crashed on takeoff from O'Hare International Airport after catastrophic mechanical failure, killing all 271 on board and 2 on the ground. Prior to the September 11, 2001 attacks, this was the worst airliner incident in American history, and it remains the worst single-aircraft airliner accident on US soil. ■ July 11 – A Garuda Indonesia Fokker F28 struck a volcano on approach to Medan Airport, Indonesia, killing all 61 on board. ■ October 31 – Western Airlines Flight 2605, a McDonnell-Douglas DC-10, struck a vehicle on a closed runway in dense fog at Mexico City, Mexico. 72 died. ■ November 26 – Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740, a Boeing 707, crashed after a fire in the cabin in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All 145 passengers and 11 crew died. ■ November 28 – Air New Zealand Flight 901, a McDonnell-Douglas DC-10, hit high ground on Mount Erebus, Antarctica during a sightseeing flight, killing all 257 people on board. This is also known as the Mount Erebus disaster. [edit] 1980 ■ January 21 – Iran Air Boeing 727 crashed near Tehran, Iran hitting high ground in a snowstorm during the approach to land. All 128 aboard were killed. ■ March 14 – LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007, an Ilyushin Il-62, crashed near Warsaw, Poland after the No. 2 engine disintegrated and severed the elevator and rudder control lines. All 87 on board were killed. ■ April 25 - Dan-Air Flight 1008 a Boeing 727 crashed into mountain near Tenerife, Spain. All 146 on board died (138 passengers and eight crew).

35 of 206 ■ June 27 – Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 crashed into the sea near Italy in controversial circumstances, killing all 81 people on board. ■ August 19 – Saudia Flight 163 landed at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia when a ﬁre broke out on board. The evacuation of the plane upon landing was delayed and all 301 on board died. [edit] 1981 ■ August 22 – Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 103, a Boeing 737, disintegrated during ﬂight and crashed near Taipei, Taiwan. Severe corrosion in the fuselage structure led to explosive decompression and disintegration at high altitude; all 110 on board were killed. ■ October 6 – NLM Cityhopper Flight 431, a Fokker F28, was destroyed by a tornado near Rotterdam, killing all 17 people on board. ■ December 1 – Inex-Adria McDonnell Douglas MD-81 crashed in the mountains while approaching Campo dell'Oro Airport in Ajaccio, Corsica, killing all 180 on board. [edit] 1982 ■ January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90, a Boeing 737, crashed into the frozen Potomac River after takeoff from Washington National Airport. Five on board survived; 78 on board and 4 on the ground died, including one initial survivor who died after ensuring that the other crash survivors were rescued from the frozen river. ■ January 23 – World Airways Flight 30, a McDonnell-Douglas DC-10, overshot the runway at Boston, Massachusetts. Two passengers were reported missing;[3] however there is some unproven speculation that they may have faked their deaths.

36 of 206 ■ February 9 – Japan Air Lines Flight 350, a Douglas DC-8-61, crashed on approach to Tokyo International Airport (Haneda). Among the 166 passengers and 8 crew, 24 passengers were killed. ■ March 11 – Widerøe Flight 933 crashed into the Barents Sea near Mehamn, killing all 15 on board. This incident remains highly controversial in Norway. ■ March 20 – A Garuda Indonesia Fokker F28 overran the runway in bad weather at Tanjung Karang-Branti Airport; all 27 were killed when the aircraft burst into flames. ■ June 8 – VASP Flight 168, a Boeing 727, crashed into a hillside in Brazil, killing all 137 on board. ■ June 23 – British Airways Flight 009, a Boeing 747-200, flew through a cloud of volcanic ash south of Java; all engines failed in flight, forcing the plane to glide. The crew was able to restart the engines and make a safe landing. ■ July 6 – Aeroflot Flight 411, an Ilyushin Il-62, crashed after take-off from Sheremetyevo International Airport. All 90 on board were killed. ■ July 9 – Pan Am Flight 759, crashed in Kenner, Louisiana, shortly after takeoff. All 145 on board and 8 people on the ground were killed. ■ September 13 – Spantax Flight 995, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF, was destroyed by fire after an aborted take-off at Malaga, Spain. Fifty of the 294 on board died. [edit] 1983 ■ January 16 – Turkish Airlines Flight 158, a Boeing 727-2F2, landed about 50 m (160 ft) short of the runway at Ankara Esenboğa Airport, Turkey in driving snow, broke up and caught fire. 47 passengers were killed, all the seven crew and 13 passengers survived the accident with injuries. ■ June 2 – Air Canada Flight 797, a McDonnell-Douglas DC-9, caught fire during flight over Kentucky. 23 of 46 passengers died from smoke inhalation even after the crew successfully landed the aircraft in Cincinnati,

37 of 206 Ohio. Renowned Canadian folk singer Stan Rogers died while helping other passengers evacuate the aircraft. ■ July 16 – A British Airways Sikorsky S-61 helicopter crashed into the sea off the Isles of Scilly. 20 of 26 people on board died, making the incident the worst helicopter accident in the United Kingdom at the time and sparking a review of helicopter safety. ■ July 23 – Air Canada Flight 143, a Boeing 767, ran out of fuel above Manitoba because of a miscalculation. The crew successfully glided the aircraft to a safe landing at a former Air Force base at Gimli, Manitoba. The aircraft became known as the Gimli Glider. ■ September 1 – Korean Air Lines Flight 007, a Boeing 747, was shot down by Soviet fighter planes near Sakhalin after violating Soviet airspace. All 269 people on board were killed. ■ September 23 – Gulf Air Flight 771, a Boeing 737, crashed near Mina Jebel Ali in the United Arab Emirates after a bomb planted by the Abu Nidal Organization detonated on board. All 117 people on board perished. ■ November 27 – Avianca Flight 11, a Boeing 747, struck a hill because of a navigational error while attempting to land at Madrid, Spain. Of the 192 passengers and crew aboard, 11 survived. [edit] 1984 ■ January 10 – a Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Tupolev Tu-134 crashed into a forest near Sofia, Bulgaria during a snowstorm. All 50 people on board died. ■ March 22 – Pacific Western Airlines Flight 501, a Boeing 737, suffered a catastrophic mechanical failure during takeoff from Calgary. All passengers and crew were safely evacuated, but the plane burned to the ground. [edit] 1985

38 of 206 ■ January 1 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 980, a Boeing 727, impacts Mount Illimani in Bolivia. All 29 people on board are killed. ■ January 21 – Galaxy Airlines Flight 203, a Lockheed L-188 Electra, crashes in Reno, Nevada while attempting to return to the airport to troubleshoot a noise, killing 70 of the 71 people on board. It is later discovered that the air start door was not properly secured. ■ February 19 – ■ Iberia Flight 610, a Boeing 727-256, crashes in fog, near Bilbao, Spain, after hitting an antenna at the top of the 1024 metre Mount Oiz. All the 148 on board die. ■ China Airlines Flight 006, a Boeing 747SP, suffers an engine flameout off the coast of California and dives 30,000 feet before regaining control and landing safely in San Francisco. ■ June 14 – TWA Flight 847, a Boeing 727, is hijacked by Lebanese militants. One passenger is murdered during the three-day ordeal. ■ June 23 – Air-India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, is bombed by Sikh extremists. It crashes into the ocean near Ireland, killing all 329 people on board. ■ July 10 – Aeroflot Flight 7425, a Tupolev Tu-154B, stalls while cruising at 38,000 feet (11,600 m) and enters an unrecoverable spin, killing all 200 aboard. ■ August 2 – Delta Air Lines Flight 191, a Lockheed Tristar, crashes on approach to Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport because of wind shear from a sudden microburst thunderstorm. Of the 163 passengers and crew aboard, 29 survive. ■ August 12 – Japan Air Lines Flight 123, a Boeing 747, crashes into Mount Osutaka after catastrophic failure of the tailplane severs all hydraulic lines and renders the aircraft uncontrollable. 520 of 524 people on board are killed. To date, it is the worst single-aircraft disaster in history. ■ August 22 – British Airtours Flight 28M, a Boeing 737, aborts its takeoff from Manchester, England because of an engine fire. While 63 passengers and crew escape alive, 53 are killed, most from smoke inhalation.

39 of 206 ■ August 25 – Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808 crashes near Auburn, Maine killing all 8 people on board, including Samantha Smith and her father. ■ September 6 – Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a DC-9, crashes after takeoff from Milwaukee, Wisconsin because of engine failure and pilot error. All 31 people on board are killed. ■ November 23 – EgyptAir Flight 648, a Boeing 737, is hijacked by Palestinian militants. Egyptian special forces storm the plane on the island of Malta. The incident kills 58 out of 90 passengers and all but one of the hijackers. ■ December 12 – Arrow Air Flight 1285, a Douglas DC-8, crashes after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland, killing all 256 passengers and crew on board, making it currently the worst air disaster to occur in Canada; the cause is determined to be a stall most likely caused by wing icing. [edit] 1986 ■ March 31 – Mexicana Flight 940, a Boeing 727, crashes into high ground near Santiago Maravatío, Mexico. All 167 passengers and crew are killed. ■ April 2 – TWA Flight 840, a Boeing 727, is bombed by Palestinian militants, killing four out of 121 people on board. The plane manages to land safely in Athens. ■ August 31 – Aeroméxico Flight 498, a McDonnell-Douglas DC-9, collides with a Piper Cherokee over Los Angeles, killing all 67 people aboard both aircraft and 15 people on the ground. ■ September 5 – Pan Am Flight 73, a Boeing 747, is hijacked on the ground at Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan, by Palestinian militants. About twenty passengers and crew out of 379 on board die during a shootout inside the plane. ■ November 6 – A Boeing 234LR Chinook helicopter operated by British International Helicopters crashes on approach to Sumburgh Airport, Shetland Islands with the loss of 45 lives.

40 of 206 ■ December 25 – Iraqi Airways Flight 163, a Boeing 737, is hijacked by Hezbollah militants while en route to Amman, Jordan. A shootout with security forces causes the plane to crash, killing 63 of the 106 people on board. [edit] 1987 ■ January 3 - Varig Flight 797, a Boeing 707, crashes near Abidjan because of engine failure. Out of the 52 passengers and crew on board, there is only 1 survivor. ■ May 9 – LOT Polish Airlines Flight 5055, an Ilyushin Il-62M, crashes near Warsaw during landing because of engine failure. All 183 passengers and crew members perish. ■ June 27 – Philippine Airlines Flight 206, a Hawker Siddeley HS 748, crashes on the slopes of Mount Ugo, Benguet, as it begins its approach to Loakan Airport in Baguio City; all 50 passengers and crew are killed. Poor visibility is blamed for the crash. ■ August 16 – Northwest Airlines Flight 255, an McDonnell Douglas MD-82, crashes on takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Romulus, Michigan, 25 miles west of Detroit, as a result of pilot error. Out of 155 on board, Cecelia Cichan, a 4-year-old girl, is the only survivor. ■ August 31 – Thai Airways Flight 365, a Boeing 737, crashes into the ocean off the coast of Thailand as a result of pilot error. All 83 passengers and crew perish. ■ November 15 – Continental Airlines Flight 1713, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 crashes on take-off during a snowstorm at Stapleton International Airport, in Denver. ■ November 28 – South African Airways Flight 295, a Boeing 747, crashes into the Indian Ocean after a ﬁre in the cargo hold. All 159 aboard die. ■ November 29 – Korean Air Flight 858, a Boeing 707, crashes into the Andaman Sea after a bomb explodes on board. All 115 people on board are killed.

41 of 206 ■ December 7 – Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771, a BAe 146, is hijacked and deliberately crashed near Cayucos, California, by a disgruntled airline employee. All 43 people on board, including the hijacker, are killed. [edit] 1988 ■ March 17 – Avianca Flight 410, a Boeing 727, crashes into terrain near Cúcuta, Colombia after takeoff as a result of pilot error. All 142 people on board die. ■ April 28 – Aloha Airlines Flight 243, a Boeing 737, suffers explosive decompression during flight but manages to land safely. Of 95 people on board, one flight attendant is blown out of the plane and killed, and several passengers are injured. ■ May 6 – A Widerøe-operated Dash 7 crashes in Torghatten, Norway in heavy fog, killing all 36 passengers in the worst-ever Dash 7 accident. ■ June 26 – Air France Flight 296, an Airbus A320, makes a low pass over Mulhouse-Habsheim Airport in landing configuration during an air show and crashes into trees at the end of the runway. Of 130 passengers aboard, 3 die. ■ July 3 – Iran Air Flight 655, an Airbus A300, is shot down over Iranian waters by the missile cruiser USS Vincennes near Dubai. All 290 people on board are killed. ■ August 31 – Delta Air Lines Flight 1141, a Boeing 727, crashes on takeoff from Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport as a result of pilot error; of 108 people on board, 12 passengers and two crew members are killed. ■ October 19 – Indian Airlines Flight 113 hits an electric mast 5 miles (8 kilometers) out on approach in poor visibility in Ahemadabad, India. All six crew members and 124 of 129 passengers are killed. ■ December 21 – Pan Am Flight 103, a Boeing 747, disintegrates in the air over Lockerbie, Scotland after a terrorist bomb explodes on board. All 259

42 of 206 people on board and 11 on the ground are killed. The incident is also known as the Lockerbie air disaster. [edit] 1989 ■ January 8 – British Midland Flight 92, a Boeing 737, crashes near Kegworth, Leicestershire, United Kingdom after one of its engines loses a fan blade and fails. Of the 118 passengers and 8 crew, 79 survive. The incident became known as the Kegworth air disaster. ■ February 8 – Independent Air Flight 1851, a Boeing 707, crashes into a hill on approach to Santa Maria, the Azores. All 144 people on board are killed. ■ February 24 – United Airlines Flight 811, a Boeing 747, suffers an explosive decompression shortly after takeoff from Honolulu, Hawaii, United States caused by a cargo door which burst open during ﬂight. Of 355 people on board, nine passengers are sucked out of the plane, but the crew manage to land safely at Honolulu. ■ March 10 – Air Ontario Flight 1363, a Fokker F28, crashes immediately after takeoff from Dryden, Ontario, Canada because of ice on the wings, killing 24 of 69 people on board. ■ June 7 – Surinam Airways Flight PY764, a Douglas DC-8, crashes while attempting to land in heavy fog at Paramaribo, Suriname. The plane hits trees and ﬂips upside down, killing 176 of 187 people on board. ■ July 19 – United Airlines Flight 232, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, suffers a complete hydraulic system failure over Iowa, United States after the tail- mounted engine disintegrates. The crew maintains partial control of the aircraft using differential throttle, bringing it to a crash landing on the runway of the Sioux City, Iowa airport. Of the 296 people on board, 111 die. ■ September 3 – Varig Flight 254, a Boeing 737, runs out of fuel because of incorrect navigation and crashes in the Brazilian jungle, killing 13 of the 54 people on board.

43 of 206 ■ September 8 – Partnair Flight 394, a Convair 580, crashes into the North Sea after its tail section falls off in midair. All 55 people on board perish. ■ September 19 – UTA Flight 772, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, explodes in mid-air over the Sahara desert when a bomb hidden in its forward cargo hold detonates. All 170 people on board are killed. Responsibility for the bombing is later traced back to Abdullah Sanussi, the brother-in-law of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi, whose government in 2003 agrees to pay compensation to the victims. ■ November 27 – Avianca Flight 203, a Boeing 727, explodes in mid-air over Colombia, killing all 107 people on board and three people on the ground. The Medellín Cartel claimed responsibility for the attack. ■ December 15 – KLM Flight 867, a Boeing 747 flying from Amsterdam to Anchorage, Alaska, flies through a cloud of volcanic debris, subsequently losing power from all four engines. The crew is able to restart the engines and land the plane safely. [edit] 1990 ■ January 25 – Avianca Flight 52, a Boeing 707, runs out of fuel and crashes while attempting to land at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York. Of the 158 people on board, 85 survive. ■ February 14 – Indian Airlines Flight 605, an Airbus A320, crashes on its final approach to Bangalore airport. 92 out of 146 people on board are killed. ■ June 10 – British Airways Flight 5390, a BAC One-Eleven, suffers explosive decompression over Didcot, Oxfordshire, England when one of the front windscreen panes blows out. The captain is partially sucked out of the cockpit, but a flight attendant manages to keep his unconscious body from falling from the aircraft. The first officer lands the aircraft safely at Southampton Airport. All on board survive. ■ October 2 – Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301, a Boeing 737, is hijacked. During landing at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, it clips a China

44 of 206 Southwest Airlines Boeing 707 and collides with a China Southern Airlines Boeing 757, killing a total of 128. [edit] 1991 ■ February 1 – USAir Flight 1493, a Boeing 737, strikes SkyWest Airlines Flight 5569, a Fairchild Metro commuter plane waiting to take off from the same runway on which the Boeing 737 was landing at Los Angeles International Airport. Of the 101 people on both aircraft, 34 people, including all 12 aboard the Metro and 22 of the Boeing 737 passengers, are killed. ■ March 3 – United Airlines Flight 585, a Boeing 737, crashes while attempting to land at Colorado Springs, Colorado, killing all 25 people on board. The cause of the crash is not identified until the investigation into the crash of USAir Flight 427 in 1994; both crashes are eventually attributed to defects in a valve associated with the rudder. ■ March 26 – Singapore Airlines Flight 117 is hijacked by Pakistani militants en route to Singapore, where, upon landing, it is stormed by Singapore Special Operations forces. All of the hijackers are killed in the operation, with no fatalities amongst the passengers and crew. ■ April 5 – Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311, an Embraer 120RT Brasilia, rolls sharply and crashes on final approach to Brunswick, Georgia, killing all 23 people on board, including former Texas senator John Tower, his adult daughter, and astronaut Sonny Carter. ■ May 26 – Lauda Air Flight 004, a Boeing 767, disintegrates in mid-air over Uthai Thani Province, Thailand, killing all 223 people on board. A thrust reverser had accidentally deployed in flight, causing the disaster. ■ July 11 – Nigeria Airways Flight 2120, a Nationair DC-8-61 chartered by Nigeria Airways to transport Nigerian pilgrims to Mecca, crashes shortly after takeoff from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, because of a fire caused by tyre failure. All 261 on board die, including 14 Canadian crew members.

45 of 206 ■ August 16 – Indian Airlines Flight 257 hits high ground during descent about 30 km from the Imphal airport. All six crew members and 63 passengers were killed. ■ September 11 – Continental Express Flight 2574 crashes on descent in Eagle Lake, Texas, killing all 14 people on board. Maintenance crews traded work shifts during repairs to the horizontal stabilizer, inadvertently leaving 47 bolts missing. Reformers pointed to this error and called for development of a "safety culture". ■ December 27 – Both engines of SAS Flight 751, an McDonnell-Douglas MD-81, fail shortly after takeoff from Stockholm, Sweden. The pilots successfully make an emergency landing in a nearby ﬁeld, injuring 25 passengers but incurring not a single fatality. [edit] 1992 ■ March 22 – USAir Flight 405, a Fokker F-28, crashes on takeoff from New York because of ice buildup. Twenty-seven of the 51 people on board are killed. The then-president of Cleveland, Ohio's renowned Cleveland Clinic is among the survivors. ■ July 30 – TWA Flight 843 aborts takeoff at John F. Kennedy International Airport. The Lockheed L-1011 turns off the runway onto grass in order to avoid striking a concrete barrier. The plane is destroyed by ﬁre shortly after all 292 passengers and crew evacuate with no loss of life. ■ July 31 – Thai Airways International Flight 311 crashed on approach into Kathmandu, Nepal, killing all 12 crew and 99 passengers on board. ■ September 28 – Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268, an Airbus A300, crashes near Kathmandu, Nepal, killing all 12 crew and 155 passengers. ■ October 4 – El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747 freighter, crashes into high- rise apartment buildings in Amsterdam after two of its engines detach from the wing. Forty-three people, including the plane's crew of 3, are killed. The incident became known as the Bijlmerramp (Bijlmer disaster).

46 of 206 ■ November 15 – An Aerocaribbean Ilyushin Il-18 en route from Santo Domingo International Airport to Gregorio Luperón International Airport, crashes into the side of Mount Isabel de Torres, in Puerto Plata province - Dominican Republic- while flying in IFR conditions on approach. All 34 aboard perish. ■ December 21 – Martinair Flight 495 crashes in Faro, Portugal, killing 54 people and injuring 106. [edit] 1993 ■ April 26 – Indian Airlines Flight 491, a Boeing 737, strikes a large vehicle on a road just outside the Aurangabad airport and crashes subsequently, killing 55 of the 118 people on board. ■ July 26 – Asiana Airlines Flight 733, a Boeing 737, crashes into a mountain in Haenam, South Korea after failed landing attempts, killing 78 of the 110 people on board. ■ September 14 – Lufthansa Flight 2904, an Airbus A320, crashes after overrunning the runway in Warsaw, Poland, killing 2 and injuring 68 of the 72 people on board. ■ September 21 – Transair Georgian Airline Crash (September 21): A Tupolev Tu-134A is hit on approach to Sukhumi-Babusheri Airport by a surface-to-air missile; the plane crashes into the Black Sea, killing all five crew members and all 22 passengers. ■ September 22 – Transair Georgian Airline Crash (September 22): Another plane, a Tupolev Tu-154A carrying refugees from a besieged city, Tbilisi, is shot down on takeoff from Sukhumi-Babusheri Airport; the plane crashes on the runway and catches fire, killing 106 of the 132 people on board. [edit] 1994

47 of 206 ■ March 23 – Aeroflot Flight 593, an Airbus A310, crashes into a wooded hillside in Siberia. All 75 passengers and crew are killed. ■ April 7 – FedEx Flight 705, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, encounters an attempted hijacking by a FedEx employee. The three crew members are heavily injured, but manage to subdue the attacker and land the aircraft safely with no loss of life. ■ April 26 – China Airlines Flight 140, an Airbus A300, crashes while landing at Nagoya, Japan as a result of pilot error. 264 people of the 271 on board die. ■ June 6 – China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303, a Tupolev Tu-154M, breaks up in mid-air and crashes near Xian, China killing all 160 on board. The deadliest airplane crash ever to occur in China is attributed to a maintenance error. ■ July 2 – USAir Flight 1016, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, crashes while attempting to land at Charlotte, North Carolina during a thunderstorm. 37 of the 51 people on board are killed. ■ July 19 – Alas Chiricanas Flight 00901, an Embraer EMB-110, explodes in mid-air over Panama, killing all 21 people on board. Investigators conclude that a suicide bomber caused the plane to explode, although motives and affiliation of the bomber remain unclear. ■ September 8 – USAir Flight 427, a Boeing 737, crashes while attempting to land at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, killing all 133 people on board. Investigations showed that a fault in the Boeing 737 rudder was to blame for the crash. ■ October 31 – American Eagle Flight 4184, an ATR 72 turboprop, crashes near Roselawn, Indiana, while waiting to land at Chicago, Illinois, because of ice buildup on its wings. All 68 people on board die. ■ December 11 – A bomb explodes on board Philippine Airlines Flight 434, a Boeing 747, killing one passenger, in a prelude to the terrorist Bojinka Plot. Despite subsequent difficulties in controlling the aircraft, the crew succeeds in making an emergency landing at Naha, Okinawa. ■ December 24 – Air France Flight 8969, an Airbus A300, is hijacked on the tarmac at Algiers, Algeria by the militant group GIA. After a two-day

48 of 206 standoff, the plane is allowed to fly to Marseille, France, where it is stormed by French commandos who kill the hijackers. ■ December 29 – Turkish Airlines Flight 278, a Boeing 737-4Y0, crashes during its final approach to land at Van Ferit Melen Airport in eastern Turkey in driving snow. Five of the seven crew and 52 of the 69 passengers are killed. [edit] 1995 ■ March 31 – Tarom Flight 371, an Airbus A310, crashes near Baloteşti, Romania killing all 60 on board. ■ June 5 – Ansett New Zealand Flight 703, a de Havilland DHC-8, crashes during a landing approach near Tararua Range, New Zealand killing four of the 21 people on board. ■ August 21 – Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529, an Embraer EMB-120 Brasilia, crashes in a field near Carrollton, Georgia in the United States, killing 10 of the 29 people on board. ■ December 18 – A Trans Service Airlift Lockheed L-188 Electra crashes after taking off from Jamba, Angola, because of overloading. Of the 144 people on board, 141 are killed. ■ December 13 – Banat Air Flight 166, a Romavia Antonov Antonov An-24 (registered YR-AMR), crashes after taking off from Verona airport, because of overloading and ice accumulation on the wings. All 4 crew and all 45 passengers die. ■ December 20 – American Airlines Flight 965, a Boeing 757, crashes into a mountain while approaching Santiago de Cali, Colombia; of the 164 people on board, only 4 people and a dog survive. [edit] 1996

49 of 206 ■ January 8 – An overloaded Air Africa Antonov An-32 aborts takeoff and overruns into a market in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 297. ■ February 6 – Birgenair Flight 301, a Boeing 757 with 189 people on board, crashes into the ocean off Puerto Plata in the Dominican Republic shortly after taking off. All passengers and crew are killed. ■ February 29 – Compañía de Aviación Faucett Flight 251, a Boeing 737, crashes into a hill while attempting to land at Arequipa, Peru. All 123 people on board die. ■ May 11 – ValuJet Airlines Flight 592, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, crashes in the Everglades near Miami, Florida, because of a ﬁre in its cargo hold. All 110 people on board are killed. ■ July 17 – TWA Flight 800, a Boeing 747, explodes in mid-air above the ocean off East Moriches, New York, killing all 230 people on board. ■ August 19 – Spair Airlines Flight PAR-3601, an Ilyushin Il-76, crashes near Belgrade with twelve fatalities. ■ August 29 – Vnukovo Airlines Flight 2801, a Tupolev Tu-154, crashes into a mountain on Spitsbergen, an island in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard, killing all 141 on board. ■ October 2 – Aeroperú Flight 603, a Boeing 757, crashes into the ocean off Pasamayo, Peru, because of a maintenance error. All 70 people on board are killed. ■ October 31 – TAM Airlines Flight 402, a Fokker 100, crashes shortly after takeoff from Congonhas/São Paulo International Airport, Brazil, striking an apartment building and several houses. All 90 passengers and 6 crew members on board die. Three people are killed on the ground. ■ November 12 – Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 763, a Boeing 747, collides in mid-air with Air Kazakhstan Flight 1907, an Ilyushin Il-76, near Charkhi Dadri, India. All 312 on board the Boeing 747 and all 37 on board the Ilyushin Il-76 are killed. ■ November 23 – Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961, a Boeing 767, is hijacked over Kenya. The aircraft runs out of fuel, and the pilot attempts to ditch the

50 of 206 aircraft in the ocean off Moroni, Comoros. Of the 175 people on board, 123 are killed. [edit] 1997 ■ January 9 – Comair Flight 3272, an Embraer EMB-120 Brasilia, crashes near Ida, Michigan during a snowstorm. All 29 on board die. ■ May 8 – China Southern Airlines Flight 3456, a Boeing 737, makes a hard landing in Shenzhen, China during poor weather and crashes, killing 35 of the 74 people on board. ■ June 9 – Air Malta Flight 830 was hijacked. The hijack ended in Cologne with no casualties. ■ August 6 – Korean Air Flight 801, a Boeing 747, crashes while attempting to land in heavy rain in Hagåtña, Guam. Of the 254 people on board, 228 die. ■ September 3 – Vietnam Airlines Flight 815, a Tupolev Tu-134, crashes on approach to Phnom Penh International Airport in heavy rain, killing 65 of the 66 people on board. ■ September 26 – Garuda Indonesia Flight 152, an Airbus A300, crashes into a mountain near Buah Nabar, Indonesia killing all 234 on board. ■ December 16 – Air Canada Flight 646, a Canadair CRJ-100, crashes after a failed go-around attempt in Fredericton, New Brunswick. All passengers and crew survive. ■ December 19 – SilkAir Flight 185, a Boeing 737, crashes abruptly into the Musi River near Palembang, Indonesia, killing all 102 people on board. [edit] 1998 ■ February 2 – Cebu Paciﬁc Air Flight 387, a McDonnell-Douglas DC-9, crashes into a mountain near Mount Sumagaya in Misamis Oriental in the Philippines. The plane is ﬂying an unfamiliar route not well documented in

51 of 206 maps following an unscheduled stop in Leyte to drop off two mechanics. All 104 passengers and crew members are killed. ■ February 16 – China Airlines Flight 676, an Airbus A300, crashes into a residential area while attempting to land in Taipei, Taiwan. All 196 people on board are killed, in addition to six on the ground. ■ March 22 – Philippine Airlines Flight 137, an Airbus A320, overshoots the end of the runway while landing at Bacolod City in the Philippines, plowing through several houses. None of the passengers were harmed, but three people on the ground were killed and several more injured. ■ April 20 – TAME Airlines Flight 422, a Boeing 727, crashed into the mountains east of Bogotá, Colombia when it was taking off from El Dorado International Airport of Bogotá at about 4:45pm local time. The plane was owned by TAME, an Ecuadoran airline, but leased to Air France. The accident was caused by foggy weather and all passengers and crew were lost, at least 53 people. ■ September 2 – Swissair Flight 111, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11, crashes into the sea near Halifax, Nova Scotia in Canada, because of an on-board ﬁre. All 229 people on board perish. ■ December 11 – Thai Airways Flight 261, an Airbus A310, crashes during poor weather near Surat Thani, Thailand. Of the 146 people on board, 102 are killed. [edit] 1999 ■ April 7 – Turkish Airlines Flight 5904, a Boeing 737-4Q8 on a repositioning ﬂight, crashed in Ceyhan in southern Turkey 8 minutes after taking off from Adana Şakirpaşa Airport. There were no passengers on board, all the six crew members died in the accident. ■ June 1 – American Airlines Flight 1420, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, skids off the runway on landing at Little Rock, Arkansas during strong winds. Eleven of 145 on board die.

52 of 206 ■ July 24 – All Nippon Airways Flight 61, a Boeing 747, is hijacked by a passenger, Yuji Nishizawa, wielding a knife. After fatally stabbing the captain, he is overpowered by the crew. The first officer lands the plane safely at Haneda, Japan. ■ August 22 – China Airlines Flight 642, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11, crashes on landing at Hong Kong International Airport during Typhoon Sam. Of the 315 people on board, three die. ■ August 31 – LAPA Flight 3142, a Boeing 737, overshoots the runway in Buenos Aires, Argentina and crashes into a golf course. Of the 103 people on board, 64 are killed as well as ten on the ground. ■ September 14 – Britannia Airways Flight 226A, a Boeing 757, veers off the runway at Girona, Catalonia (Spain) while landing in a thunderstorm and comes to rest in a field, broken apart in two places; no fatalities. ■ September 23 – Qantas Flight 1, a Boeing 747, overshoots the runway upon landing in Bangkok, Thailand. None of the 410 people on board are seriously injured. ■ October 31 – EgyptAir Flight 990, a Boeing 767 on its way to Cairo, Egypt, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off Nantucket, Massachusetts. All 217 passengers and crew members on board are killed. ■ November 9 – TAESA Flight 725, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, crashes near Uruapan, Mexico killing all 18 on board. ■ December 24 – Indian Airlines Flight 814, an Airbus A300, is hijacked en route to Delhi, India. One hostage is killed. [edit] 2000 ■ January 10 – Crossair Flight 498, a Saab 340, crashes two minutes after takeoff in Niederhasli, Switzerland, killing all ten people on-board. ■ January 30 – Kenya Airways Flight 431, an Airbus A310, carrying 169 passengers and 10 crew members, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off Côte d'Ivoire after takeoff from Abidjan. Only ten people survive.

53 of 206 ■ January 31 – Alaska Airlines Flight 261, an MD-83, crashes into the Pacific Ocean off Point Mugu, California after problems with its horizontal stabilizer. All 83 passengers and 5 crew members are killed. ■ March 5 – Southwest Airlines Flight 1455, a Boeing 737, overruns the runway in Burbank, California. Of the 142 people on board, 43 are injured, two seriously. ■ April 19 – Air Philippines Flight 541, a Boeing 737-200, crashes in a coconut grove on Samal Island, Davao del Norte while preparing to approach the Davao International Airport, killing all 131 people on board. ■ July 12 – Hapag-Lloyd Airlines Flight 3378, an Airbus A310, lands 500 meters short of the runway in Vienna after running out of fuel in flight. There are no serious injuries or fatalities. ■ July 17 – Alliance Air Flight 7412, a Boeing 737, crashes into government housing in Patna, India as it approaches the airport, killing 55 of the 58 on board and five people on the ground. ■ July 25 – Air France Flight 4590 Concorde crashes during takeoff from Paris, France after its fuel tank catches fire, killing 9 crew and 100 passengers as well as four on the ground; the entire Concorde fleet is grounded for one year, and is eventually retired. ■ August 23 – Gulf Air Flight 072, an Airbus A320, crashes into the Persian Gulf off Manama, Bahrain while attempting to land. All 143 passengers and eight crew members are killed. ■ October 31 – Singapore Airlines Flight 006, a Boeing 747, strikes construction equipment after using a closed runway for takeoff in Taipei, Taiwan and crashes, killing 83 out of 179 people on board. [edit] 2001 ■ January 31 – Japan Airlines Flight 907 and Japan Airlines Flight 958 narrowly avoid colliding near Yaizu, Japan. ■ March 29 – An Avjet charter flight, a Gulfstream III jet with 15 passengers and 3 crew, crashes on approach into Aspen, CO, killing all on board

54 of 206 ■ July 4 – Vladivostok Air Flight 352, a Tupolev Tu-154 enters a flat spin on approach to Irkutsk Airport in Irkutsk, Russia, crashes down onto its belly and bursts into flames in a wooded area killing all 145 aboard. ■ August 24 – Air Transat Flight 236 runs out of fuel over the Atlantic Ocean and makes an emergency landing in the Azores. Upon landing some of the tires blow out, causing a fire that is extinguished by emergency personnel on the ground. None of the 304 people on board the Airbus A330 are seriously injured. ■ September 11 – September 11, 2001 attacks ■ American Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 767 with 92 people on board, is hijacked after taking off from Boston, and is flown into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. All on board are killed as well as many more on the ground and in the building. ■ United Airlines Flight 175, a Boeing 767 with 65 people on board, is hijacked after taking off from Boston and is flown into the south tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. All on board are killed as well as many more on the ground and in the building. The collapse of both towers brings the total death toll from the two crashes to at least 2,759 including the hijackers and 343 firefighters. ■ American Airlines Flight 77, a Boeing 757 with 64 people on board, is hijacked after taking off from Dulles International Airport and is flown into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. All on board are killed as well as 125 people in the building and on the ground. ■ United Airlines Flight 93, a Boeing 757 with 44 people on board, is hijacked after taking off from Newark, New Jersey. After passengers struggle with the hijackers, the aircraft crashes in a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, killing all on board. ■ October 4 – Siberia Airlines Flight 1812, a Tupolev Tu-154, is shot down by a Ukrainian missile over the Black Sea. All 66 passengers and 12 crew members are killed. ■ October 8 – SAS Flight 686, a MD-87, crashes into a Cessna business jet on takeoff from Milan, Italy. The McDonnell Douglas MD-87 then swerves into a baggage handling building and catches fire. All 110 people on board

55 of 206 Flight 686 die as well as all four in the Cessna. Four people on the ground are also killed. ■ November 12 – American Airlines Flight 587, an Airbus A300, crashes into a Queens neighborhood in New York City when the plane's vertical tail fin snaps just after takeoff. All 251 passengers and nine crew members on board are killed as well as five people on the ground. ■ November 24 – Crossair Flight 3597, an Avro RJ100, crashes near Bassersdorf, Switzerland, while attempting to land in Zürich. Of the 28 passengers and five crew members on board, 21 passengers (including dance singer Melanie Thornton of La Bouche) and three crew members die. ■ December 22 – On board American Airlines Flight 63, a Boeing 767, a passenger, Richard Reid, attempts to detonate explosives hidden in his shoe, but fails and is subdued by two flight attendants and passengers. The plane lands safely in Boston. [edit] 2002 ■ January 14 – Lion Air Flight JT-386, a Boeing 737, crashes while attempting to take off from Riau, Indonesia. All 103 on board survive. ■ April 15 – Air China Flight 129, a Boeing 767, crashes into a hill during a landing attempt at Busan, South Korea in misty conditions. Of the 155 passengers and 11 crew, 38 survive. ■ May 7 – China Northern Airlines Flight 6136, an McDonnell Douglas MD-82, crashes near Dalian, China, after a passenger sets fire to the cabin with gasoline. All 103 passengers and 9 crew members are killed. ■ May 25 – China Airlines Flight 611, a Boeing 747, disintegrates above the Taiwan Strait, apparently because of metal fatigue. All 206 passengers and 19 crew members are killed. ■ July 1 – Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, a Tupolev Tu-154 with 57 passengers and 14 crew members on board, collides with a DHL Boeing

56 of 206 757 cargo plane with 2 pilots on board near Lake Constance, Germany. All people on both planes perish. ■ July 1 – America West Airlines Flight 556, an Airbus 319, is ordered back to the terminal at Miami, Florida before take-off after security screeners report that the pilots are intoxicated. The passengers are allowed to fly to Phoenix, Arizona on other airlines. The pilots are eventually given prison sentences. ■ November 6 – Luxair Flight 9642, a Fokker 50, crashes short of the runway while landing near Niederanven, Luxembourg in foggy conditions. Of the 19 passengers and three crew members on board, only two survive. [edit] 2003 ■ January 8 – Air Midwest Flight 5481, a Beechcraft 1900, crashes on takeoff from Charlotte North Carolina in the United States; all 19 passengers and 2 pilots are killed. ■ January 8 – Turkish Airlines Flight 634, an Avro RJ100 , crashes during its final approach to land at Diyarbakır Airport, Turkey in extensive fog. All of the 5 crew and 70 of the 75 passengers are killed, 5 passengers survive with heavy injuries. ■ March 6 – Air Algerie Flight 6289, a Boeing 737, veers off the runway on takeoff in Tamanrasset, Algeria; 96 of the 97 passengers and all 6 crew members perish. ■ May 29 – A man attempts to hijack QantasLink Flight 1737 in Melbourne, Australia, intending to crash the plane in Tasmania. He is overpowered by the flight crew and passengers, but injures three people. ■ November 22 – A DHL Airbus A300 is struck by a missile near Baghdad, Iraq and loses hydraulic system function, but manages to land safely with only engine controls without any fatalities. This is the first safe landing of an airliner without control surfaces. ■ December 25 – Union des Transports Aériens de Guinée Flight 141, a Boeing 727, overshoots the runway upon landing at Cotonou, Benin and

57 of 206 crashes onto the beach on the Bight of Benin, killing 151 of the 163 occupants. [edit] 2004 ■ January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 604, a Boeing 737, crashes into the Red Sea, killing all 135 passengers and 13 crew members. ■ May 9 – American Eagle Flight 5401 is damaged by high winds during landing in San Juan, Puerto Rico, injuring 13 people. ■ August 13 – Air Tahoma Flight 185, a Convair 580, crashes near Covington, Kentucky while descending to land, killing the first officer. ■ August 24 – Russian aircraft bombings of August 2004: ■ Siberia Airlines Flight 1047, a Tupolev Tu-154, explodes in mid-air while flying over Rostov Oblast, Russia killing all 38 passengers and 8 crew members on board. ■ Volga-AviaExpress Flight 1303, a Tupolev Tu-134, explodes in mid- air while flying over Tula Oblast, Russia killing all 34 passengers and 9 crew members on board. ■ October 19 – Corporate Airlines Flight 5966, a Handley Page Jetstream, crashes near Kirksville, Missouri in the United States; 13 of the 15 people on board die. ■ November 21 – China Eastern Airlines Flight 5210, a Bombardier CRJ-200LR, stalls and crashes near Baotou, China shortly after takeoff because of frost contamination; all 53 on board and two people on the ground are killed. ■ November 30 – Lion Air Flight 538, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, crash- lands in Solo City, Indonesia, killing 25 of the 154 people on board. [edit] 2005

58 of 206 The burnt-out wreckage of Flight 358 at Toronto Pearson International Airport ■ February 3 – Kam Air Flight 904, a Boeing 737, crashes in a snowstorm in Afghanistan. All 96 passengers and eight crew members die. ■ May 3 – Airwork Flight 23, a Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner crashes in Taranaki, New Zealand killing both crew members. ■ June 9 – US Airways Flight 1170 and Aer Lingus Flight 132 almost collide on a runway at Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts. None of the 381 people on either planes are harmed. ■ August 2 – Air France Flight 358, an Airbus A340, skids off a runway in Toronto, Ontario, while landing and catches ﬁre; all 309 on board escape without fatalities or serious injuries, but the aircraft is completely destroyed by the ﬁre. ■ August 6 – Tuninter Flight 1153, an ATR 72, ditches into the ocean near Palermo, Sicily with 35 passengers and 4 crew members on board; 14 passengers and 2 crew members die. ■ August 10 – Copterline Flight 103, a Sikorsky S-76 helicopter crashes off Tallinn, Estonia killing all 14 on board. ■ August 14 – Helios Airways Flight 522, a Boeing 737, crashes near Kalamos, Greece with 115 passengers and 6 crew members on board; there are no survivors. ■ August 16 – West Caribbean Airways Flight 708, an McDonnell Douglas MD-82, crashes in western Venezuela. All on board, 152 passengers and 8 crew members, die.

59 of 206 ■ August 23 – TANS Peru Flight 204, a Boeing 737, crashes near Pucallpa, Peru. Forty of the 92 passengers on board, as well as four of the six crew members, perish. ■ September 5 – Mandala Airlines Flight 091, a Boeing 737, crashes in Medan, Indonesia, killing 103 of the 111 passengers and all 5 crew members on the plane and an additional 47 people on the ground. JetBlue Airways Flight 292 upon landing in Los Angeles ■ September 21 – JetBlue Airways Flight 292, an Airbus A320, makes an emergency landing in Los Angeles, California in the United States because of landing gear steering failure. There are no injuries to the 139 passengers and six crew members. ■ October 22 – Bellview Airlines Flight 210, a Boeing 737, crashes in central Nigeria, killing all 117 people on board. ■ December 7 – A passenger disembarking American Airlines Flight 924, a Boeing 757, in Miami, Florida is shot and killed by an air marshal when the marshal believes that he hears the man say that he has a bomb. ■ December 8 – Southwest Airlines Flight 1248, a Boeing 737, slides off the runway during landing at Chicago Midway International Airport in Chicago, Illinois in heavy snow. None of the people on board are injured, but the plane hits two automobiles on the ground, killing a six-year-old boy. ■ December 10 – Sosoliso Airlines Flight 1145, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 with 110 people on board, crashes during landing in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 107 people die. ■ December 19 – Chalk's Ocean Airways Flight 101, a Grumman Mallard, crashes off the coast of Miami Beach, Florida, killing all 20 on board.

60 of 206 [edit] 2006 ■ May 3 – Armavia Flight 967, an Airbus A320, crashes into the Black Sea near the Russian city of Sochi, killing all 113 on board. ■ July 9 – S7 Airlines Flight 778, an Airbus A310, crashes into a concrete barricade and catches ﬁre on landing in Irkutsk, Russia. Of the 203 people on board, 128 are killed. ■ July 10 – Pakistan International Airlines Flight 688, a Fokker F27, crashes into a wheat ﬁeld near Multan, Pakistan ten minutes after taking off, killing all 41 passengers and 4 crew members on board. ■ August 22 – Pulkovo Airlines Flight 612, a Tupolev Tu-154, crashes near Donetsk, Ukraine, killing all 170 people on board. ■ August 27 – Comair Flight 191, a Canadair CRJ-100, crashes during takeoff near Lexington, Kentucky, killing 49 of the 50 people on board. ■ September 1 – An Iran Air Tours Tu-154 carrying 148 people crashes while attempting to land in Mashad, Iran killing 28 people. ■ September 29 – Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907, a Boeing 737, collides with an Embraer Legacy business jet and crashes in Mato Grosso, Brazil; the Embraer Legacy, with seven on board, lands safely with no reported injuries while all 154 people on board the Boeing 737 perish. ■ October 3 – Turkish Airlines Flight 1476, a Boeing 737, is hijacked over Greece. The plane lands in Brindisi, Italy. None of the 113 people on board are hurt. ■ October 10 – Atlantic Airways Flight 670, a BAe 146, slides off the runway at Stord, Norway, killing four of the 16 people on board. ■ October 29 – ADC Airlines Flight 53, a Boeing 737, crashes near Abuja, Nigeria, killing 97 of the 104 people on board. [edit] 2007

61 of 206 ■ January 1 – Adam Air Flight 574, a Boeing 737 with 102 people on board, crashes into the ocean off the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia, killing all on board. ■ January 9 – An AerianTur-M Antonov An-26 crashes near Balad, Iraq, killing 34 of the 35 people on board. The official cause of the crash is poor weather conditions, but other sources claim that the plane was shot down by a missile. ■ January 24 – Air West Flight 612, a Boeing 737 with 103 people on board, is hijacked over Sudan shortly after taking off from Khartoum, but lands safely in N'Djamena, Chad. ■ February 15 – An Air Mauritanie Boeing 737 is hijacked after taking off from Nouakchott, Mauritania, but lands safely in Las Palmas, Spain without any serious injuries among the 79 people on board. ■ February 18 – A Shuttle America Embraer ERJ-170 jet, operating as Delta Connection flight 6448, is substantially damaged when it overruns a snow covered runway by 150 feet on landing at the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, Cleveland, Ohio and contacts the localizer antenna and fence. None of the 74 aboard were injured. ■ February 21 – Adam Air Flight 172, a Boeing 737, suffers structural damage while landing near Surabaya, Indonesia. None of the 149 people on board were seriously injured. ■ March 7 – Garuda Indonesia Flight 200, a Boeing 737, overshoots the runway and crashes while landing at Yogyakarta, Indonesia, killing 22 of the 140 people on board. ■ March 17 – UTair Flight 471, a Tupolev Tu-134, suffers severe structural damage while landing in Samara, Russia, killing six of the 63 people on board. ■ March 23 – A TransAVIAexport Airlines Ilyushin Il-76 crashes in Mogadishu, Somalia killing all 11 on board; the plane, which crashes during the Battle of Mogadishu, is thought to have been shot down. ■ March 30 – A Sudan Airways flight with 284 people on board is hijacked but lands safely in Khartoum, Sudan.

62 of 206 ■ May 5 – Kenya Airways Flight 507, a Boeing 737 with 114 people on board, crashes near Douala, Cameroon killing everyone on board. ■ June 3 – A Paramount Airlines Mil Mi-8 helicopter crashes in Lungi, Sierra Leone killing all 22 people on board. ■ June 21 – A Free Airlines Let-410UVP crashes shortly after takeoff from Kamina Town, Democratic Republic of Congo because of severe overloading, killing 1 and injuring 4 of the 21 people on board. ■ June 25 – PMTair Flight 241, an Antonov An-24, crashes in southwestern Cambodia killing all 22 on board. ■ June 28 – A TAAG Angola Airlines Boeing 737, D2-TBP, with 78 people on board, loses control while landing and crashes in M'banza-Kongo, Angola, killing at least six people on board and injuring an unknown number of others. The wreckage of TAM Airlines Flight 3054 ■ July 17 – TAM Airlines Flight 3054, an Airbus A320, crashes at Congonhas-São Paulo Airport, Brazil killing all 187 people on board and 12 on the ground. ■ August 9 – An Air Moorea de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter crashes into the lagoon of the island of Moorea in French Polynesia just 11 seconds after take off, killing all 20 on board. Suspected failure of steering equipment. ■ August 20 – China Airlines Flight 120, a Boeing 737, bursts into ﬂames after landing at Naha, Japan. None of the 165 passengers were seriously injured. ■ Scandinavian Airlines 2007 Dash 8 landing gear incidents:

63 of 206 ■ September 9 – Scandinavian Airlines Flight 1209, a de Havilland Canada Dash 8, experiences a landing gear failure in Aalborg, Denmark. None of the 73 people on board were seriously injured, but three days later, after a similar incident, the airline grounds the type. ■ September 12 – Scandinavian Airlines Flight 2748, a de Havilland Canada Dash 8, experiences a landing gear failure in Vilnius, Lithuania. None of the 52 people on board were injured, but because of a similar incident three days earlier, all their Dash 8s are grounded. ■ October 27 – Scandinavian Airlines Flight 2867, a de Havilland Canada Dash 8, experiences a landing gear failure in Copenhagen, Denmark. None of the 44 people on board were injured, but because of similar incidents in September, the airline "permanently" removes its Dash 8s from service. Cause is eventually ascribed to maintenance error. ■ September 16 – One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82 carrying 130 people, crashes and bursts into ﬂames after attempting to land in Phuket, Thailand during poor weather conditions killing 90 people. ■ October 4 – An Africa One Antonov An-26 crashes into a residential area in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, shortly after taking off. At least 50 people are killed, most of whom were on the ground. ■ November 30 – Atlasjet Flight 4203, a McDonnell Douglas MD-83, crashes into a mountain near Isparta, Turkey killing all 57 on board. [edit] 2008

64 of 206 British Airways Flight 38 ■ January 4 – A Transaven Let L-410 Turbolet crashes near the Los Roques archipelago off Venezuela killing all 14 on board. ■ January 17 – British Airways Flight 38, a Boeing 777, lands short of the runway at London Heathrow Airport in the United Kingdom. Nine of the 152 people on board are treated for minor injuries, but there are no fatalities. ■ February 8 – Eagle Airways Flight 2279, a BAe Jetstream 32 is hijacked ten minutes after taking off from Blenheim, New Zealand by a passenger who attacked both pilots. The hijacker is eventually restrained by the copilot and the ﬂight lands safely at Christchurch. All nine on board survive the incident. ■ February 14 – Belavia Flight 1834, a Bombardier CRJ200, hits its left wing on the runway while taking off from Yerevan, Armenia. All 21 on board escape the aircraft before it erupts into ﬂames. ■ February 21 – Santa Bárbara Airlines Flight 518, an ATR 42-300, crashes shortly after taking off from Mérida, Venezuela killing all 46 on board. ■ April 3 – An Antonov An-28 operated by Blue Wing Airlines crashes near Benzdorp in Suriname. All nineteen on board are killed. ■ April 11 – A Sudanese airline Antonov An-32 crashes returning shortly after taking off from Chişinău International Airport, Moldova for Turkey. All eight on board are killed. ■ April 15 – A Douglas DC-9 operated by Hewa Bora Airways crashes into a market near Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 40 people, including three passengers. ■ May 25 – A Kalitta Air Boeing 747 cargo crashes at Brussels Airport and snaps in two, but without serious injury.

65 of 206 ■ May 30 – TACA Airlines Flight 390, an Airbus A320, overruns the runway at Toncontín International Airport in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, killing five (including two on ground). ■ June 10 – Sudan Airways Flight 109, an Airbus A310, crashes at Khartoum International Airport and breaks apart, catching fire. 30 deaths are confirmed, 6 passengers are listed as missing. ■ July 25 – Qantas Flight 30, a Boeing 747-438 en route from Hong Kong to Melbourne, performs an emergency descent and lands in Manila after a hull penetration results in rapid decompression. All aboard survive. ■ August 20 – Spanair Flight 5022, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82 crashes on takeoff at Barajas Airport in Madrid, Spain. Of the 172 people on board, 154 are killed. ■ August 24 – An Aéreo Ruta Maya Cessna Caravan 208 crashes 100 km east of Guatemala City near El Estor, killing 10 passengers, the pilot and the copilot. ■ August 24 – Itek Air Flight 6895 Boeing 737-200 crashes just after take-off from Manas Airport in capital Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Reports suggest some 71 are killed while 19 survive of the 83 passengers and 7 crew aboard. ■ September 14 – Aeroflot Flight 821, a Boeing 737-500, crashes on approach to Perm Airport from Moscow. All 88 people on board are killed. ■ September 22 – American Airlines Boeing 757 Flight 268 en route from Seattle, Washington to JFK, New York City loses all DC and battery power, forcing an emergency landing at Chicago O'Hare Airport. ■ October 7 – Qantas Flight 72 an Airbus A330-300 makes an emergency landing in Exmouth, Australia following a rapid descent that leaves over 70 people injured, 14 of them seriously. ■ October 8 – Yeti Airlines Flight 103 De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter crashes 60 NM from Mt Everest, Nepal killing 18 of 19 people on board. ■ December 20 – Continental Airlines Flight 1404, a Boeing 737-500 with 115 people on board, veers off the runway upon takeoff from Denver International Airport, comes to rest in a ravine near the runway and

66 of 206 catches fire. There are no fatalities, over 38 people are injured, at least two of them seriously. [edit] 2009 US Airways Flight 1549 ■ January 15 – US Airways Flight 1549 Airbus A320 ditches in the Hudson River just after taking off from LaGuardia Airport in New York City after engine failure due to multiple bird strikes, no fatalities. ■ February 7 – An Manaus Aerotáxi Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante crashes near Santo António, Brazil killing 24 of the 28 aboard. ■ February 12 – Colgan Air Flight 3407 Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 flying from Newark Liberty International in New Jersey to Buffalo Niagara International Airport in New York crashed into a house in Clarence, New York at 10:17 pm local time. All 49 aboard the plane were killed, with two fatalities on the ground. ■ February 25 – Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 Boeing 737-800 flying from Atatürk Airport in Istanbul to Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam crashed in a field during final approach. Of the 127 passengers and 7 crew on board 9 were killed, 85 were injured along with 26 severely.[4] ■ March 23 - FedEx Express Flight 80 McDonnell Douglas MD-11 flying from Guangzhou, China crashed at Tokyo Narita International Airport, Japan. Both the captain and the co-pilot of the plane were killed.[5] ■ April 19 - CanJet Flight 918 was seized on the ground by an armed man who slipped through security checks at Sangster International Airport, Montego Bay, Jamaica. All passengers were released early on, but six crew members were kept as hostages for several hours before being freed

67 of 206 unharmed, following negotiations that involved Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding.[6] [edit] See also ■ Air safety ■ Aircraft hijacking ■ Aviation accidents and incidents – history, causes, etc. ■ List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by airline ■ List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by location ■ List of aviation accidents and incidents by death toll ■ List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft ■ List of sole survivors of aviation accidents or incidents [edit] Investigators Australia Australian Transport Safety Bureau Canada Transportation Safety Board of Canada France Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile Germany German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Investigation Iceland Aircraft Accident Investigation Board Indonesia National Transportation Safety Committee Ireland Air Accident Investigation Unit Italy Agenzia Nazionale per la Sicurezza del Volo Japan Japan Transport Safety Board Netherlands The Dutch Safety Board Russian Interstate Aviation Committee Federation Singapore Air Accident Investigation Bureau of Singapore

68 of 206 Spain Comisión de Investigación de Accidentes e Incidentes de Aviación Civil Turkey Directorate of Civil Aviation Security United Air Accidents Investigation Branch Kingdom Republic of Aviation Safety Council China United States National Transportation Safety Board External links ■ Federal Aviation Administration (US) Preliminary Accident and Incident Reports ■ Air Accidents Investigation Branch (UK) ■ Aviation Safety Network ■ Jet Airliner Crash Data Evaluation Centre ■ Timeline of air disasters since 1998 at BBC News ■ PlaneCrashInfo.com ■ AirDisaster.com Accident Database ■ RNF

69 of 206 LIST OF DEFUNCT AIRLINES This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources (ideally, using inline citations). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008)

70 of 206 Contents [hide] 1 1 Africa 1 1.1 Algeria 2 1.2 Angola 3 1.3 Benin 4 1.4 Botswana 5 1.5 Burundi 6 1.6 Comoros 7 1.7 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 8 1.8 Côte d'Ivoire 9 1.9 Djibouti 10 1.10 Egypt 11 1.11 Equatorial Guinea 12 1.12 Eritrea 13 1.13 Gabon 14 1.14 Ghana 15 1.15 Guinea 16 1.16 Guinea-Bissau 17 1.17 Kenya 18 1.18 Lesotho 19 1.19 Libya 20 1.20 Mali 21 1.21 Mauritania 22 1.22 Morocco 23 1.23 Namibia 24 1.24 Nigeria 25 1.25 Réunion 26 1.26 São Tomé and Príncipe 27 1.27 Sierra Leone 28 1.28 Somalia 29 1.29 South Africa 30 1.30 Sudan 31 1.31 Togo 32 1.32 Uganda 33 1.33 Zambia 34 1.34 Zimbabwe 2 2 Asia

71 of 206 This is a list of defunct airlines. For airlines currently in operation see the list of airlines. [edit] Africa [edit] Algeria Main article: List of defunct airlines of Algeria [edit] Angola ■ Aero Voar (1994 - 98) ■ Air Angol (1997 - 99) ■ Air Nave (2001 - 01) ■ Air Pesada (1999 - 2000) ■ CTA (Consortio Technico de Aeronautica) (1978 - 79) ■ Ecomex Air Cargo (1996 - 98) ■ Ibis Air (1995 - 99) ■ Uralex (2000 - 00) [edit] Benin ■ Afric'Air Charter (2002-2004) ■ Benin Airlines (2005-2007, though never actually operational) ■ West African Airlines (2003-2004) [edit] Botswana

72 of 206 ■ Botswana Airways (1969 - 72) ■ Botswana National Airways (1969 - 69) [edit] Burundi ■ Service des Transports Aeriens du Burundi (now Air Burundi) [edit] Comoros ■ Air Comores International [edit] Congo, Democratic Republic of the ■ Air Congo ■ Air Zaïre ■ Congo Airlines ■ Malila Airlift (to Malift Air) ■ Scibe Airlift (1979 - 2002) [edit] Côte d'Ivoire ■ Air Afrique [edit] Djibouti ■ Air Djibouti [edit] Egypt

73 of 206 ■ Air Cargo Egypt ■ Alim Airlines (1993 - 97) ■ Arabia - Arab International Airlines (1979 - 81) ■ Flash Airlines ■ North African Airways (1980 - 89) ■ Orca Air (1996 - 2002) ■ Pan Egypt International ■ Scorpio Aviation (1980 - 2002) ■ Shorouk Air (1992 - 2003) ■ ZAS Airlines (1982 - 95) [edit] Equatorial Guinea ■ Aerolineas de Guinea Ecuatorial [edit] Eritrea ■ Red Sea Air [edit] Gabon ■ Air Gabon (1977 -2006) ■ Compagnie Aerienne Gabonaise (1951 - 68, became Air Gabon ■ Gabon Express (1988 - 2004) ■ Trans Gabon [edit] Ghana ■ Afra Airlines (2003 - 05) ■ AfraCityLink

74 of 206 ■ Ghana Airways (1958 - 2004) [edit] Guinea ■ Air Guinee (to Air Guinee Express) [edit] Guinea-Bissau ■ Transports Aereos de Guinee-Bissau [edit] Kenya ■ Air Kenya (to Airkenya, 1985) ■ Flamingo Airlines (2000 - 03) ■ Kencargo Airlines International (2001 - 04) ■ Regional Air (2000 - 03) ■ Sunbird Aviation (to Airkenya, 1985) [edit] Lesotho ■ Lesotho Air (to Lesotho Airways, (1979 - 1996) [edit] Libya ■ Kingdom of Libya Airlines [edit] Mali ■ Air Mali

75 of 206 [edit] Mauritania ■ Air Mauritanie [edit] Morocco ■ Air Atlas Express (2002 - 2004) ■ Mondair [edit] Namibia ■ Namib Air [edit] Nigeria ■ ADC Airlines (1984 - 2007) ■ Air Nigeria ■ Albarka Air (1999 - 2007) ■ Chrome Air Service (1990 - 2007) ■ Dasab Airlines (grounded 2007) ■ EAS Airlines (1983 - 2006, to Nicon Airways) ■ Falcon Airlines ■ Fresh Air (grounded 2007) ■ Merchant Express Aviation ■ Nexus Aviation ■ Nigeria Airways (1958 - 2003) ■ Okada Airlines ■ RiteTime Aviation ■ Selcon Airlines (1993)

76 of 206 ■ Sky Executive Airlines ■ Skypower Express Airways (1985 - 2007) ■ Slok Air (ceased operations 2004, to Slok Air Gambia) ■ Sosoliso Airlines (1994 - 2007) ■ Space World Airline (grounded 2007) [edit] Réunion ■ Air Bourbon (2002 - 04) [edit] São Tomé and Príncipe ■ Air São Tomé and Príncipe (1993 - 2006) [edit] Sierra Leone ■ Bellview Airlines ■ Transatlantic Airlines [edit] Somalia ■ Somali Airlines [edit] South Africa ■ Charlan Air Charter (1992 - 2006) ■ Flitestar (1991-1993) ■ Intensive Air (1989 - 2002) ■ Maiden Air (2003 - 03) ■ Nationwide Airlines (ceased operations 2008)

77 of 206 ■ Sun Air (ceased operations 1999) ■ Trek Airways (1953 - 1994) ■ Union Airways (1929 - 34) [edit] Sudan ■ Sarit Air Lines [edit] Togo ■ Air Togo [edit] Uganda ■ DAS Air Cargo ■ East African Airlines ■ East African Airways ■ Uganda Airlines (ceased operations 2001) ■ Victoria International Airlines (aka VIA Uganda [edit] Zambia ■ Aero Zambia (ceased operations 2000) ■ Zambia Airways (1967 - 95) ■ Zambian Express Airways [edit] Zimbabwe ■ Affretair (ceased operations 1998) ■ Air Rhodesia

78 of 206 ■ Central African Airways (ceased operations 1968) ■ Expedition Airways ■ Zimbabwe Express Airlines [edit] Asia [edit] Afghanistan ■ Bakhtar Afghan Airlines [edit] Cambodia ■ First Cambodia Airlines (2004 - 2004) ■ Mekong Airlines (ceased operations 2002) ■ Royal Air Cambodge (ceased operations 2001) [edit] China, People's Republic of ■ Air Great Wall (to China Eastern Airlines in 2000) ■ China General Aviation (to China Eastern Airlines, 1997) ■ China National Aviation Corporation (1929 - 49) ■ China Northern Airlines (merged with China Southern Airlines) ■ China Northwest Airlines (merged with China Eastern Airlines) ■ China Southwest Airlines (to Air China, 2002) ■ China Xinjiang Airlines (merged with China Southern Airlines) ■ China Yunnan Airlines (merged with China Eastern Airlines) ■ Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) (1949 - 91, airline division divided and only administration remains) ■ Deer Jet

79 of 206 ■ Eurasia (1930 - 42) ■ Jetwin Cargo Airline (to East Paciﬁc Airlines) ■ Manchurian Air Transport ■ Wuhan Airlines ■ Zhejiang Airlines (to Air China, 2004) ■ Zhongyuan Airlines (1986 - 2000, to China Southern Airlines) [edit] Hong Kong ■ Hong Kong Airways ■ CR Airways(Renamed as Hong Kong Airlines) ■ Oasis Hong Kong Airlines(ceased trading on 9 April 2008) [edit] India Main article: List of defunct airlines of India [edit] India (Former Portuguese India) ■ Transportes Aéreos da Índia Portuguesa [edit] Indonesia ■ Adam Air (2003 - 2008) ■ Air Efata (2006 - 2006) ■ Air Paradise (2002 - 2005) ■ Asia Avia Airlines ■ Bali Air ■ Bouraq Indonesia Airlines (1970 - 2005) ■ De Kroonduif (Netherlands New Guinea) (1955 - 1963)

80 of 206 ■ Indonesian Airlines ■ Jatayu Airlines ■ Koninklijke Nederlandsch-Indische Luchtvaart Maatschappij (merged back with KLM in 1947) ■ Sempati Air ■ Seulawah Nad Air (2002 - 2003) ■ Star Air (2000 - 2005) ■ Top Air [edit] Japan ■ Air Hokkaido (1994 - 2006) ■ Air Shenpix (2004-05, now Airtransse) ■ Fairinc (now Ibex Airlines) ■ Fuji Airlines ■ Fujita Airlines (ceased operations 1963) ■ Harlequin Air ■ Imperial Japanese Airways ■ Japan Airlines Domestic ■ Japan Air System (1971 - 2004, to Japan Airlines) ■ Japan Asia Airways (1975 - 2008, to Japan Airlines) ■ Japan Domestic Airlines (1960 - 71) ■ Kita Nipon Koku Kabushiki Kaisha ■ Nagasaki Airways (1961-2001, to Oriental Air Bridge) ■ Nakanihon Airlines (to Air Central, 2005) ■ Nakanihon Air Service (to Nakanihon Airlines) ■ Nitto Airlines ■ North Japan Airlines ■ Orange Cargo (2002 - 2004) ■ Toa Airways (1953 - 71) ■ Toa Domestic Airlines

81 of 206 [edit] Kazakhstan ■ Air Kazakhstan (1996 - 2004) ■ Asia Service Airlines (1994 - 99) ■ Irtysh Avia ■ Kaz Air - Kazakhstan Airlines (1991 - 97) ■ SAN Air (1995 - 99) ■ SBS Aircraft (1996 - 2001) ■ Taraz Wings (1996 - 97) ■ Trans Asian Airlines (1996 - 99) [edit] Korea, South ■ Korean National Airlines [edit] Kyrgyzstan ■ Altyn Air (2001 - 2006, to Kyrgyzstan) ■ Kyrgyz Air (2002 - 04) ■ Manas Air (2000 - 2001) ■ Star of Asia (1992 - 95) [edit] Laos ■ Lao Aviation (name changed to Lao Airlines) [edit] Malaysia ■ Borneo Airways (ceased operations 1999) ■ Ked-Air (2004 - 2006)

82 of 206 ■ Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (1966-1971, split into Malaysia Airlines and Singapore Airlines) ■ Pelangi Air (ceased operations 1999) ■ Saeaga Airlines (1995 - 98) [edit] Maldives ■ Air Equator (2003 - 2005) ■ Air Maldives ■ Maldives Airways [edit] Mongolia ■ Hangard Airlines [edit] Myanmar ■ Burma Airways (1972 - 1989, to Myanma Airways) ■ Union of Burma Airways (1948 - 1972, to Burma Airways) [edit] Nepal ■ Air Ananya ■ Air Nepal International (2005 - 2006) ■ Asian Airlines ■ Cosmic Air (temporarily ceased operations. Will restart operations at the end of October.) ■ Everest Air ■ Flight Care Aviation ■ Garud Air

83 of 206 ■ Karnali Air ■ Lumbini Airways ■ Mountain Air ■ Necon Air ■ Nepal Airways ■ Shangri-La Air ■ Skyline Airways [edit] Pakistan ■ Aero Asia ■ Bhoja Air ■ Hajvairy Airlines (Closed in 2003) ■ Orient Airways [edit] Philippines ■ Aboitiz Air (to 2GO) ■ Aerolift Philippines ■ Air Ads ■ Air Manila ■ Filipinas Orient Airways ■ Grand Air International ■ Laoag International Airlines (ceased operations in 2002) ■ Mindanao Express (ceased operations 2000) [edit] Singapore ■ Airmark Aviation[1] ■ Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (1966-1971, split into Singapore Airlines and Malaysia Airlines)

84 of 206 ■ Region Air[2] [edit] Sri Lanka ■ Air Ceylon ■ Air Lanka, (1979 - 98, to SriLankan) ■ Upali [edit] Taiwan (Republic of China) ■ Far Eastern Air Transport (1957 - 2008, bankrupted) ■ Formosa Airlines (1987 - 99, merged into Mandarin Airlines) ■ Great China Airlines (1966 - 98, merged into Uni Air) ■ Makung Airlines (1987 - 98, merged into Uni Air) ■ Taiwan Airways (1966 - 98, merged into Uni Air) ■ U-Land Airlines (1989-2000, bankrupted) [edit] Thailand ■ Air Andaman (2000 - 2004) ■ Air Siam (1965 - 77) ■ Angel Air (1997 - 2003) ■ Bira Air Transport (1969 - 74) ■ Euarng Luang (ceased operations 2006) ■ Paciﬁc Overseas Airlines (1947 - 51) ■ Princess Airlines (1996 - 96) ■ Siamese Airways (1947 - 51) ■ Thai Airways (1960-1988, Merged into Thai Airways International) ■ ThaiJet (2003 - 04) ■ Thai Paciﬁc Airlines (2003 - 04) ■ Thai Sky Airlines (2004 - 06)

85 of 206 ■ Trans Asiatic Airlines (1947 - 50) ■ Maranphal Airways (MP Airways) (1960s) [edit] Vietnam ■ Air Mekong ■ Air Vietnam [edit] Oceania [edit] Australia ■ Aaron Airlines ■ Adelaide Airways (1935 - 1936) ■ Airlines of Australia (1934-1942) ■ Airlines of South Australia ■ Air Queensland (1951 - 1988) ■ Ansett (1935 - 2002) ■ Australian Airlines (2001 - 2006) ■ Australia Asia Airlines (1990 - 1996) ■ Australian National Airways (1930 - 1931) ■ Australian National Airways (1936 - 1957) ■ Big Sky Express (2004 - 2006) ■ British Commonwealth Paciﬁc Airlines (1948 - 1954) ■ Bush Pilots(1951 - became Air Queensland - 1988) ■ Connellan Airways ■ Compass Airlines (1990-91) and (1992 - 1993) ■ Eastland Air ■ East-West Airlines (1947 - 1993)

86 of 206 ■ Eco Airlines ■ Emu Airways ■ Flight West (1987 - 2001) ■ Global Air ■ Hazelton Airlines (1953 - 2002 - became part of Regional Express) ■ Holyman's Airways (1932 - 1936) ■ Horizon Airlines ■ Impulse Airlines (1994 - 2001 - to Qantas) ■ IPEC Aviation (1976 - 1993) ■ Jet Charter Airlines (ceased operations 1982) ■ Kendell (1967 - 2002 - became part of Regional Express) ■ MacRobertson Miller Airlines (1934-1981) ■ New England Airways (1931-1934) ■ O'Connor Airlines (Ceased Operations 2007) ■ Queensland Paciﬁc Airways (19?? - 1972) ■ Queensland Paciﬁc Airlines (1988 - 1992) ■ Transair ■ Trans Australia Airlines (renamed Australian Airlines in 1986, became part of Qantas) ■ West Australian Airways (1921 - 1936) [edit] Guam ■ ABC Heli-Tours (2003) [edit] Kiribati ■ Air Tungaru [edit] Nauru

87 of 206 ■ Air Nauru (1970 - 2006, to Our Airline) [edit] New Zealand ■ Ansett New Zealand (1987 - 2001) ■ Cook Strait Airways (1935 - 47) ■ East Coast Airways (1935 - 47) ■ Kiwi Travel International Airlines (1994-1996) ■ National Airways Corporation (1945 - 78, merged into Air New Zealand) ■ New Zealand Aero Transport Company ■ Origin Pacific Airways (1997 - 2006) ■ Skybus (Aqua Avia) ■ South Pacific Airlines of New Zealand (1960 - 1966) ■ Straits Air Freight Express ■ TEAL ■ Union Airways (1936 - 47) [edit] Norfolk Island ■ Norfolk Jet Express [edit] Northern Mariana Islands ■ Pacific Island Aviation [edit] Palau ■ Palau Micronesia Air [edit]

88 of 206 Papua New Guinea ■ Airlink ■ Mandated Airlines ■ Guinea Airways (1929 - 42) ■ Territory Air Lines ■ Talair [edit] Tonga ■ Fly Niu Airlines (2004 - 04) ■ Royal Tongan Airlines (1985 - 2004) [edit] Caribbean and Central America [edit] Antigua and Barbuda ■ Aerowings (2001 - 04) [edit] Aruba ■ Air Aruba (1988 - 2000) ■ Aruba Express (2002 - 02) ■ Avia Air [edit] Bahamas ■ Laker Airways (Bahamas)

89 of 206 [edit] Bermuda ■ ARCO Bermuda (1968-71) [edit] Costa Rica ■ Aero Costa Rica [edit] Cuba ■ Aerovias del Norte (1949 - 59) ■ Aerovias del Sur (1949 - 59) ■ Aerovias Q (1945 - 59) ■ Compañía Nacional Cubana de Transporte Aereo (1929 - 33) ■ Cuba Aeropostal (1948 - 59) ■ Expreso Aereo Interamericano (1942 - 59) ■ Lineas Aereas de Cuba (1929 - 33) [edit] Dominican Republic ■ Aerochago Airlines ■ Aeromar Lineas Aereas Dominicanas (ceased operations 2003) ■ Aerovias Quisqueyanas ■ Air Santo Domingo (1996 - 2006) ■ Alas del Caribe ■ APA Dominicana Internacional ■ Dominicana de Aviación ■ Queen Air [edit]

90 of 206 Guadeloupe ■ Air Guadeloupe (1970 - 98 and 1998 - 2000) [edit] Guatemala ■ Aeroquetzal ■ Aerovias ■ Aviateca ■ Mayan World Airlines ■ Tikal Jets Airlines [edit] Haiti ■ Air Haïti ■ Haïti Ambassador Airlines ■ Haïti Trans Air ■ Halisa Air ■ Tropical Airways [edit] Honduras ■ AeroHonduras ■ Aero Servicios S de RL ■ Sahsa (1944 - 1989) ■ Sol Air ■ Transportes Aereos Nacionales (TAN) [edit] Jamaica ■ Air Negril (ceased operations 1999)

91 of 206 ■ Air Jamaica Express (1995 - 2004) [edit] Martinique ■ Air Martinique (ceased operations 2000) [edit] Montserrat ■ Air Montserrat (ceased operations 2007) [edit] Netherlands Antilles ■ Air ALM (1964 - 2001) ■ BonaireExel (to Bonaire Express) ■ Bonaire Express (to Dutch Antilles Express) ■ CuraçaoExel (to Curaçao Express) ■ Curaçao Express (to Dutch Antilles Express) ■ Dutch Caribbean Airlines (2001 - 2004) ■ DutchCaribbeanExel [edit] Nicaragua ■ Aeronica (1981 - 92) ■ Aerosegovia (1994 - 2003) ■ Lanica (1946 - 81) ■ Nicaraguenses de Aviacion (NICA) (1992 - 2004) [edit] Panama ■ Aero Transportes Panamenos S.A., Apartado 4610, Panama City 5

92 of 206 ■ Air Panama ■ Alas Chiricanas [edit] Puerto Rico ■ Aerovias Nacionales de Puerto Rico ■ Air Caribbean ■ Air Puerto Rico ■ Caribair ■ Dorado Wings ■ Fina Air ■ Oceanair ■ Prinair (1966 - 84) ■ Tol Air BWIA Airbus A340-300, 9Y-TJN, in 2002 [edit] Trinidad and Tobago ■ Air Caribbean (1993 - 2000) ■ BWIA West Indies Airways (1940-2006) became Caribbean Airlines ■ Trinidad and Tobago Air Services (1974 - 80) ■ Tobago Express Ceased operations October 2007; taken over by Caribbean Airlines ■ Caribbean United Airlines (ceased operations 1974) [edit]

93 of 206 Turks and Caicos Islands ■ Turks & Caicos Airways [edit] U.S. Virgin Islands ■ Aero Virgin Islands (ceased operations in mid-1990s) ■ Air St. Thomas (1993- 2005) [edit] Europe [edit] Albania ■ Albatros Airways (2004 - 2006) [edit] Armenia ■ Arax Airlines (1995 - 99) ■ Armenian Airlines (1993 - 2003) ■ Armenian International Airways (merged with Armavia.) ■ Jupiter-Avia (1999 - 99) [edit] Austria ■ Fairline (2003 - 2004) ■ Montana Austria (1975 - 1981) ■ OELAG - Oesterreichische Luftverkehrs AG (1923 - 1938) ■ Styrian Spirit (2002 - 2006) ■ Tyrolean Airways (to Austrian Arrows)

94 of 206 ■ Rheintalﬂug (1973 - 2002) [edit] Belarus ■ Belair (1991 - 99) ■ Minsk Avia (1996 - 98) ■ Techaviaservice (1994 - 99) ■ Wings Air Company (1993 - 96) [edit] Belgium ■ Air Belgium (1979 - 2000) ■ Air Dakota (1996 - 2002) ■ Belgian International Air Services (1959 - 1973) ■ BelgiumExel ■ Birdy Airlines (2002 - 2004, to SN Brussels Airlines) ■ Citybird (1996 - 2001) ■ Constellation Airlines (1995 - 1999) ■ Delsey Airlines (2001 - 2002) ■ Delta Air Transport (1967 - 2001, to SN Brussels Airlines) ■ Sabena (1923 - 2001) ■ SN Brussels Airlines (2001 - 2007, to Brussels Airlines) ■ Sobelair (1946 - 2004) ■ Sun Airways ■ Transaction Service International ■ Trans European Airways (1970 - 1991) ■ TUI Airlines Belgium (2004 - 2005, to Jetairﬂy) ■ VG Airlines (2002 - 2002) ■ Virgin Express (1996 - 2007, to Brussels Airlines) ■ Wallonair

95 of 206 [edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina ■ Air Bosna (1994 - 2003, now B&H Airlines) [edit] Bulgaria ■ Balkan Bulgarian Airlines (1947 - 2002) ■ Bulair ■ Bunavad [edit] Croatia ■ Air Adriatic (2001 - 2007) ■ Zagal - Zagreb Airlines (1989 - 90, to Croatia Airlines) [edit] Cyprus ■ Aerotrans Airlines (1999 - 2003) ■ Ajet ■ Helios Airways [edit] Czech Republic ■ ABA Air (1996 - 2004) ■ Bemoair ■ CLS - Ceskoslovenska Letecka Spolecnost (1927 - 45) ■ Ensor Air ■ Fischer Air (to Charter Air, 2005) ■ OLIMEX

96 of 206 [edit] Denmark ■ Conair ■ Dansk Lufttransport or DLT ■ Det Danske Luftfartselskab or DDL (1918-1951 - merged with SAS ■ Maersk Air (1969-2005) ■ Muk Air (ceased operations 2001) ■ NewAir ■ SAS Snowﬂake ■ Scanair (1961-1993 - merged with Conair) ■ Sterling Airlines [edit] Estonia ■ Aeronaut ■ Air Livonia ■ Elk Airways (1991 - 2001) [edit] Faroe Islands ■ FaroeJet (May 15, 2006- December 2006) [edit] Finland ■ Air Botnia ( 1998 now Blue1) ■ Air Finlandia ■ Flying Finn (2002 - 04) ■ Kar Air (1957 - 96 now part of Finnair) ■ Wasawings (1979 - 92) ■ Aero (1923 - 68 now Finnair) ■ Finnaviation (1970 - 96 now part of Finnair)

97 of 206 ■ Finnish Air Lines ( name of Aero 1946 - 68) ■ Pohjanmaan lento (name of Wasawings 1988 - 92 ■ Copter Action ■ Helikopteripalvelu ■ Polar Air (1961 - 71) ■ Spear Air (172 - 72) [edit] France ■ Aeris (1999 - 2003) ■ Aero France International (ceased operations 1991) ■ Aerolinair (ceased operations 2004) ■ Aerolyon (1996-2002) ■ Aeromaritime (1935 - 49) ■ Air Alpes (1961 - 1981) ■ Air Alsace (1962 - 81) ■ Air Asie (1928 - 30) ■ Air Atlantique (1963 - 2004) ■ Air Bleu (1935 - 41) ■ Air Charter - SAFA (1966 - 1998) ■ Air France Asie ■ Air Horizons (2004 - 2005) ■ Air Inter (1958 - 90) ■ Air Jet (1974 - 2003) ■ Airlec (1965 - 92) ■ Air Lib (1990 - 2003) ■ Air Liberté (1987 - 2001) ■ Air Littoral (1972 -2004) ■ Air Normandie ■ Air Open Sky (ceased operations 2000) ■ Air Orient (1930 - 33) ■ Air Rouergue

98 of 206 ■ Air Turquoise (2005- 2006) ■ Air Union (1923 - 33) ■ Air Vendée (ceased operations 1992) ■ AlsaceExel ■ AOM French Airlines ■ Champagne Airlines (1998 - 2005) ■ CIDNA (1922 - 33) ■ CMA - Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes (1919 - 1923) ■ EAS - Europe Air Services ■ Euralair (1964 - 2004, now Air Horizons) ■ Euroberlin ■ Eurojet Airlines ■ Extand Air ■ Flandre Air (1977 - 2001) ■ Flywest ■ Grands Express Aériens (1919 - 1923) ■ L-Air (1996 - 2002) ■ LAM (1941 - 45) ■ Lignes Aériennes Farman (1919-1933) ■ Minerve (airline) (1975 - 92) ■ Ocean Airways ■ Point Air ■ Proteus Airlines (1986 - 2001) ■ RLAF (1945 - 46) ■ SATI (1948 -49) ■ Société Générale de Transport Aérien (1919-1933) ■ SCELA (1933 - 33) ■ SCLA (1940 - 45) ■ SNATI - Air Toulouse ■ TAI - Transport Aériens Intercontinentaux (1946 - 63) ■ TAT - Touraine Air Transport (1968 - 1997) ■ UAT - Union Aéromaritime de Transport (1949 - 63)

99 of 206 ■ UTA - Union des Transports Aériens (1963 - 90) ■ Westair (ceased operations 2004) [edit] Georgia ■ Air Georgia (1992 - 99) ■ Air Zena (1994 - 99, to Georgian Airways) ■ Caucasus Airlines (2001 - 04) ■ Georgian Airlines (1998 - 99, to Georgian Airways) ■ Orbi (1992 - 98) ■ Zakavia (1923-1925) [edit] Germany ■ Abteilung Luftverkehr ■ Aero Flight ■ Aero Lloyd (1979 - 2003) ■ Aerotour (1956 - 58) ■ Aero Union ■ Air Bremen (1988 - 90) ■ Air Commerz (1970 - 73) ■ Amadeus ■ Atlantis (1968 - 72) ■ Badische Luftverkehrs (1923 - 26) ■ Bavaria Fluggesellschaft (1957 - 77) ■ Bavaria-Germanair (1972 - 77) ■ Bayerische Luftverkehrs (1925 - 28) ■ Ber-Line (1991 - 94) ■ City-Air (ceased operations 2004) ■ Danziger Luftpost (1921 - 23) ■ Dauair (2005 - 2006)

100 of 206 ■ DELAG ■ Delta Air (1978 - 91) ■ Deutsche Aero Lloyd (1918-1926) ■ Deruluft - Deutsche Russian Luftverkehr (1921 - 37) ■ Deutsche BA (became Dba) ■ European Air Express (1999 - 2007) ■ Fly FTI (1998 - 2001) ■ General Air (1962 - 75) ■ German Cargo (1977 - 1993) ■ German Wings (1983-1990) ■ Hamburg Airlines (1988 - 1997) ■ Hapag-Lloyd Express (2002 - 2007, to TUIfly) ■ Hapag-Lloyd Flug (1972 - 2007, to TUIfly) ■ Holiday Express (1974 - 87) ■ Interflug (1958 - 92) ■ Jetair (1982 - 85) ■ Junkers Luftverhehrs (1924 - 26) ■ KHD - Karl Herfurtner Dusseldorf (1956 - 58) ■ Lloyd-Luftdienst ■ LowFare Jet (2002 - 03) ■ LTS - Lufttransport Sud (1984 - 95) ■ LURAG - Luftverkehrsgesellschaft Ruhrgebiet AG (1925 - 26) ■ NFD - Nurnberger Flugdienst (1975 - 93) ■ Oberschlesische Luftverkehrs (1925 - 37) ■ Paninternational (1969 - 1972} ■ RAS Flug (1973 - 2002) ■ RFG Regionalflug (1976 - 93) ■ Saarland Airlines (1993) ■ Sachsische Luftverkehrs (1924 - 26) ■ Schlesische Luftverkehrs ■ SkyTeam Luftfahrtunternehmen ■ Südavia Fluggesellschaft (1980 - 1990)

101 of 206 ■ Sudﬂug International (1952 - 67) ■ Suddeutscher Aero Lloyd ■ Sudwestdeutsche Luftverkehrs (1924 - 26) ■ Supair ■ Tempelhof Express (1998 - 2001) ■ Westﬂug [edit] Greece ■ Aerodromisis ■ Air Greece (1994 - 2000), merged with Aegean Airlines ■ AME Aeroporiki Metafora Ellados (1947 - 1951) merged to form TAE ■ Apollo Airlines (1994 - 1997) ■ AXON Airlines (1999 - 2001) ■ Cretan Airways (1993 - 1994) ■ Cronus Airlines (1994 - 2001) ■ Electra Airlines (2000 - 2003) ■ Galaxy Airways (1999 - 2001) ■ Greece Airways ■ Hellenic Airways (ΈΛΛ.Α.Σ.)(1946 - 1951) merged to form TAE ■ Hellenic Star Airways (1998 - 2001 and 2002 - 03) ■ Homeric International Airlines ■ Macedonian Airlines (OA) ■ Olympic Aviation (1971 - 2003, to Olympic Airlines) ■ TAE Greek National Airlines (1951 - 1957) became Olympic Airways ■ Technical and Aeronautical Exploitations (1935-1951) merged to form TAE ■ Venus Airlines (1993 - 1997) [edit] Hungary ■ Aeroexpress (1922 - 26)

102 of 206 ■ Carpathian Air Transport ■ Linair ■ Malert (1928 - 44) ■ Pannon Airlines (2000 - 2002) [edit] Iceland ■ Eagle Air/Arnarflug ■ Islandsflug ■ Landsflug (2004 - 2007) ■ Loftleiðir ■ Norlandair (now Air Iceland) [edit] Ireland, Republic of ■ Aer Turas (1962 - March 2003) ■ Avair ■ Club Air (1987-1988) ■ EI Air Exports (renamed Ireland Airways) ■ Eirjet (2004 - 2006) ■ EUjet (2003 - 05) ■ Euroceltic Airways (2001 - 03) ■ FreshAer (Bankrupt in 2003 and never took off) ■ Ireland Airways (1990s) ■ JetGreen Airways (2004 - 04) ■ JetMagic (2002 - 04) ■ Shannon Air (mid 1960s) ■ Skynet Airlines ■ Trans Aer (ceased operations 2000) ■ Translift (renamed Trans Aer)

103 of 206 [edit] Italy ■ Aeral ■ Aermediterranea (1981 - 85) ■ Aero Espresso Italiana (1924 - 34) ■ Aerolinee Itavia (1958 - 1981) ■ Aertirrena (1970 - 75) ■ Air Columbia (now ItAli Airlines) ■ Air Industria (2002 - 2003) ■ Air Italica ■ Airone (ceased operations 1949) ■ Air Sicilia (1994 - 2002) ■ Ala Littoria (1934 - 49) ■ Aliadriatica (1983 - 1995, now Air One) ■ ALI - Flotte Riunite (1926 - 52) ■ Aligiulia ■ Alinord (1986 - 90) ■ Alisarda (now Meridiana) ■ Alisea Airlines (1999 - 2003) ■ ATI - Aero Trasporti Italiani (1963 - 1994, merged with Alitalia) ■ Avianova (1986-1997) ■ Azzurra Air (1995 - 2004) ■ Club Air (2005 - 2006) ■ Gandalf Airlines (1999 - 2004) ■ Goldwing Airlines (2000 - 01) ■ Lauda Air Italy (1990 - 2003, to Livingston) ■ LAI - Linee Aeree Italiane (1946 - 57) ■ Med Airlines (1998 - 2001) ■ Minerva Airlines (1996 - 2003) ■ Panair (1999 - 2003) ■ SANA - Societa Anonima Navigazione Aerea (1925 - 34) ■ SAM - Societa Aerea Mediterranea (1926 - 34)

104 of 206 ■ SISA - Societa Italiana Servizi Aerei (1923 - 34) ■ Transadriatica (ceased operations 1931) ■ TAI - Trasporti Aerei Italiani (now ItAli Airlines) ■ Uniﬂy Express [edit] Latvia ■ Latvijas Aviolinijas (1991 - 95) ■ Latvijas Gaisa Satikmes (1921 - 25) ■ Riair - Rigas Gaisa Linjas (1992 - 99) ■ Transeast Airlines (1993 - 2001) ■ Latpass Airlines (2003-2004) [edit] Lithuania ■ Air Lithuania (1991-2005) ■ Amber Air (2004-2007) ■ Apatas Air (1994-2007) ■ FlyLal (1938-2009) [edit] Luxembourg ■ Cargo Lion (1991 - 2001) ■ Lionair (1988 - 1990) [edit] Macedonia ■ Air Vardar ■ Avioimpex ■ Meta Aviotransport Macedonia

105 of 206 ■ Palair [edit] Malta ■ Malta Air Charter ■ British Jet [edit] Moldova ■ AerianTur-M ■ Aerocom (1998 - 2004) ■ Aeronord ■ Aeroportul International Marculesti ■ Air Moldova International (1995 - 2002) ■ Grixona (2005 - 2007) ■ Jetline International ■ Jet Stream ■ MTA - Moldtransavia (1999 - 2003) ■ NisTransAir ■ Renan (1994 - 2003) ■ Sud Aero Cargo (1994 - 2001) ■ Tepavia Trans ■ Tiramavia ■ Valan ■ Valeologia (1992 - 94) [edit] Netherlands ■ Aero Holland (1948 - 53) ■ Air Exel (1991 - 2005) ■ Air Holland (1984 - 2004)

106 of 206 ■ Basiq Air (merged with Transavia in January 2005) ■ DutchBird (2000 - 04) ■ Holland Aero Lines (1977 - 86) ■ HollandExel (2003 - 05) ■ KLM Asia ■ KLM exel ■ Magic Blue Airlines (2004 - 2005) ■ Nederlanske Wereld Verkeer Maatschappij ■ Netherlines (merged with NLM Cityhopper 1990) ■ NLM Cityhopper (aka NLM Airlines) ■ Quick Airways Holland ( - 2007) ■ Schreiner Airways (1945 - 2005, to CHC Airways) ■ Trans Travel Airlines (1996 - 2003) ■ V Bird (2003 - 04) [edit] Norway ■ Braathens S.A.F.E. (1946–2005, merged into SAS Braathens) ■ Busy Bee (1966–1992) ■ Coast Air (1986–2008) ■ Color Air (1998–1999) ■ Coronet Norge ■ Det Norske Luftfartrederi (1918) ■ Det Norske Luftfartsselskap (1933–48, became part of SAS) ■ Fjellﬂy (1954–72) ■ Fred Olsen Air Transport (1946–97) ■ Guardair (–2001) ■ Norsk Air (1961–1996, merged into Widerøe) ■ Norving ■ Norway Airlines (1991–92) ■ Partnair (1968–89) ■ SAS Braathens (2005–07, became SAS Norge)

107 of 206 ■ SAS Commuter (1988–2004) [edit] Poland ■ Aerolloyd Warschau (1922 - 1925) ■ Air Polonia (2001 - 2004) ■ Direct Fly (2005 - 2007) ■ Fischer Air Polska (2003 - 2006, to Primacharter) ■ GetJet (2003 - 2004) [edit] Portugal ■ Aero Portuguesa (1934 - 1953) ■ Air Atlantis ■ Air Columbus (1989 - 1995) ■ Air Global ■ Air Luxor (1988 - 2006) ■ Air Madeira ■ Air Sul ■ Air Zarco ■ LAR ■ Madeira Airlines ■ Transporte Aereo Nao Regular (1989 - 1995) ■ Yes Air Charter [edit] Romania ■ Acvila Air (to Jet Tran Air) ■ Angel Airlines ■ Dac Air (1995 - 98) ■ Grivco

108 of 206 ■ Jaro International (1991 - 2001) ■ LAR - Liniile Aeriene Romane (1975 - 97) ■ Miravia (ceased operations 2000) [edit] Russia ■ Aerokuzbass (1993 - 2003) ■ AeroVolga (1993 - 99) ■ AJT Air International (1992 - 2003) ■ AKO - Kamchatka JSC Aviation ■ ALAK (airline) (1991 - 99) ■ Arkhangelsk Airlines (1963 - 2004, to Aeroﬂot-Nord) ■ Astrakhan Airlines ■ Atruvera Aviation ■ Aviakultura (1922 - 22) ■ Aviamost (1994 - 2001) ■ Baikal Airlines (ceased operations 1998) ■ BAL Bashkirian Airlines (ceased operations 2007) ■ Belgorod Air Enterprise ■ Bravia (Bryansk Air Enterprise) ■ Chelyabinsk Airlines (to S7 Airlines, 2004) ■ Chitaavia (1991 - 2004, to VIM Airlines) ■ Dalstroi Aviation (1934 - 55) ■ Deruluft (1921 - 37) ■ Dobrolet (1923 - 30) ■ Eurasia (1997 - 2003) ■ Flight (ceased operations 2003) ■ Hamiata ■ Ilavia Airline ■ Junkers Luftverkehr Russia (1923 - 24) ■ Khantyavia ■ Komiavia

109 of 206 ■ Komiinteravia (1996 - 2006, to UTair Express) ■ Korsar (1991 - 99) ■ Mavial Magadan Airlines (ceased operations 2006) ■ Murmansk Airlines (ceased operations 2001) ■ Orient Avia (1994 - 97) ■ Polyarnaya Aviatsiya (1932 - 60) ■ Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise (to Rossiya in 2006) ■ RDS Avia (1993 - 94) ■ Remex (1997 - 2001) ■ Russ (1999 - 2001) ■ Sakha Avia (1993 - 2003) ■ Siblyot ■ Sochi Airlines ■ Tatneftaero (1997 - 2001) ■ Transavaitsiya (1930 - 32) ■ Transeuropean Airlines ■ Tretyakovo (1994 - 2003) ■ Tyumen Airlines (1992 - 2003) ■ Vnukovo Airlines (1991 - 2003) ■ Yakutsk Airlines (1999 - 2003) [edit] Serbia ■ Air Maxi ■ Air Yugoslavia ■ Centavia (2005 - 2006) ■ Kosmas Air (2004 - 2006, to Air Tomisko) [edit] Slovakia ■ Slovak Airlines (1995 - 2007)

110 of 206 ■ Tatra Air (1991 - 1998) [edit] Slovenia ■ Slovenian Spirit (2004 - 2006) [edit] Spain ■ AeBal - Aerolíneas Baleares (now operating under Spanair brand) ■ Air Andalucia (2003 - 2005) ■ Air Asturias (ceased operations 2007) ■ Air Cargo Spain ■ Air Madrid (2003 - 2006) ■ Air Plus Comet (1997 - 2007, to Air Comet) ■ AirSur (1988 - 1991) ■ Aviaco - Aviacion y Comercio (1948 - 2000, to Iberia) ■ CLASSA - Compañia de Lineas Aereas Subvencionadas (1921 - 32) ■ Euravia (ceased operations 1990) ■ Hispania Lineas Aereas (1983 - 89) ■ LAC - Lineas Aereas Canarias (1985 - 1990, merged into Meridiana) ■ Meridiana (1990 - 1992) ■ Lagun Air (ceased operations 2008) ■ LAPE - Lineas Aéreas Postales Españolas ■ OASIS Airlines (1988 - 1996) ■ South Atlantic Airlines (2000 - 2001) ■ Spantax (1959 - 1988) ■ TAE - Trabajos Aereos y Enlaces (1967 - 1981) ■ TASSA - Trabajos Aéreos del Sahara SA (1961 - 1965) ■ Transeuropa Compañía de Aviación (1965 - 1982) ■ UAE - Unión Aérea Española ■ Universair (1987 - 1990, merged into Meridiana)

111 of 206 ■ Visig Operaciones Aéreas (2005 - 06, to AirClass Airways) ■ Viva Air (1988-1998) ■ Volare Airlines (2001 - 05, to LTE International Airways) [edit] Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) ■ Air Srpska (1999 - 2003) [edit] Sweden ■ AB Aerotransport (ABA) (merged in to SAS 1950) (1924 - 51) ■ European Executive Express (1997-2005) ■ Falcon Air (1986 - 2006) ■ FlyMe (2003 - 2007) ■ Goodjet (2002 - 2003) ■ Linjeflyg (merged in to SAS) ■ MaxAir (ceased operations 2001) ■ Nordic European Airlines (1991 - 1998) ■ Nordkalottflyg (to Barents AirLink, 2006) ■ SAS Snowflake (merged in to SAS) ■ Svensk Interkontinental Lufttrafik (SILA) (merged in to SAS) (1943-1977) ■ Svenska Lufttrafik (merged in to SAS 1946) ■ Swedair ■ Swedline Express (2002 - 2006) ■ Swedeways Air Lines (1993 - 2001) ■ Swe Fly ■ Time Air Sweden (1991 - 1993) ■ Transair Sweden (1950 - 1981) ■ Transair (2002 - 2003) ■ Transjet Airways AB (2000 - 2002) ■ Transwede (1986 - 1998)

112 of 206 [edit] Switzerland ■ Aeroleasing ■ Air City ■ Air Sea Service (1974-79) ■ Air Starline (1990-92) ■ Air Switzerland (2002 - 02) ■ Air Zürich (2004) ■ Alpar ■ Balair ■ Balair - Basler Luftverkehr (1925 - 31) ■ Clipper International (1980-85) ■ Crossair ■ Crossair Europe (1997 - 2005) ■ CTA - Compagnie de Transport Aeriens (1972 - 93) ■ Globeair (1961 - 68) ■ Helvetic Wings (2003 - 04) ■ Odette Airways (2001 - 03, to Helvetic Airways) ■ Phoenix Airways (1970-74) ■ Point Air (1980-88) ■ Rhine Air (-1982) ■ SATA (1968 - 78) ■ SWA (1998) ■ Swissair (1931 - 2002) ■ Swissair Asia ■ Swisswings Airlines (1987 - 2002) ■ Transvalair [edit] Turkey

113 of 206 ■ Air Anatolia ■ Akdeniz Airlines ■ Albatros Airlines Turkey (1992-1996) ■ Alfa Airlines -Alfa Hava Yollari (1997 - 2002) ■ BHT Bogazici ■ Birgenair ■ Bosphorus Airways-BHY ■ Fly Air (2002 - 2007) ■ Greenair ■ Holiday Airlines (1994 - 1996) ■ Istanbul Airlines (ceased operations 2000) ■ Sultan Air (1989 - 1993) ■ Noble Air (1989 - 1991) ■ Talia ■ TUR European Airways [edit] Ukraine ■ Aeroservice Cargo (1998 - 99) ■ Aerotrans (1997 - 2001) ■ Air Ukraine ■ Atlant SV (1992 - 97) ■ Avianto ■ Busol Airlines (1992 - 98) ■ Comandor Avia (1995 - 96) ■ Donbass Airlines (1995 - 2002) ■ Dunkan ■ ICAR Airlines (1993 - 2002) ■ Kharkiv Airlines (1998 - 2003) ■ Liana (1994 - 97) ■ TransAGO (1995 - 98) ■ Ukrvozdukhput (1923 - 30)

114 of 206 ■ UNA (1991 - 99) [edit] United Kingdom Main article: List of defunct airlines of the United Kingdom [edit] Middle East ■ Arab Airways Association [edit] Jordan ■ Air Jordan [edit] Iran ■ Bonyard Airlines [edit] Israel ■ Maof Airlines [edit] Lebanon ■ Lebanese International Airlines ■ Air Liban [edit] Yemen

115 of 206 ■ Alyemda [edit] North America [edit] Canada Main article: List of defunct airlines of Canada [edit] Mexico ■ Aerocalifornia (Ceased operations in 2008) ■ Aerocancun (1989 - 99) ■ Aerocaribe (1975 - 2005, to Click Mexicana) ■ Aerocomponentes Internacionales ■ AeroCozumel (1978 - 2000, to Aerocaribe) ■ Aero Ejecutivo ■ Aero Leon (1978 - 81) ■ Aladya ■ Aerolíneas del Paciﬁco (1962 - 87) ■ Aerolíneas Internacionales (1994 - 2003) ■ Aerolíneas Republica (ceased operations 1985) ■ Aerovias Braniff (1945 - 49) ■ Aerovias del Sur (1966 - 69) ■ Aerovias Internacionales (1946 - 53) ■ Aerovias Oaxaquenas (1979 - 93) ■ Aerovias Reforma (1945 - 53) ■ Alma de mexico (2006 -2007) ■ Estrellas del Aire ■ Interestatal de Aviacion (1980 - 85)

116 of 206 ■ LAMSA - Lineas Aereas Mexicanas SA (1934 - 52) ■ LaTur ■ Líneas Aéreas Allegro ■ Líneas Aéreas Azteca ■ Mexicargo ■ Quassar ■ SARO ■ TAESA - Transportes Aereos Ejecutivos (1987 - 99) ■ Westair de Mexico (ceased operations 2003) [edit] United States Main article: List of defunct airlines of the United States [edit] South America [edit] Argentina ■ Aeroposta (1929-?) ■ Aero VIP (1999 - 2004) ■ ALFA (airline) (Aviacion Litoral Federal Argentino, -1946), became FAMA ■ American Falcon ■ Dinar Lineas Aereas (1992 - 2002) ■ FAMA (Flota Aérea Mercante Argentina, 1946-?), became Aerolineas Argentinas ■ LADE (Lineas Aéreas del Estado, 1945-46), became FAMA ■ LAFSA ■ LASO (Linea Aérea Sud Oeste, 1930-45) ■ LANE (Linea Aérea Nordeste, 1930-45)

117 of 206 ■ LAPA (1976 - 2003) ■ Southern Winds Airlines (1996-2005) [edit] Bolivia ■ Lloyd Aereo Boliviano (1925-2007)(restarted operations on December 23 2007) ■ Northeast Bolivian Airways ■ SAVE - Servicio Aereo Vargas Espana [edit] Brazil ■ Aero Geral (1947 - 53) ■ Air Vias (1993 - 96) ■ Brasmex - Brasil Minas Express (2001 - 04) ■ Cruzeiro do Sul (1927 - 93, to Varig) ■ Fly Linhas Aéreas ceased operations 2003 ■ Nacional Transportes Aereos (2000 - 02) ■ Panair do Brasil (1930 - 65) ■ REAL Transportes Aereos (1946 - 61) ■ Rio-Sul Servicios Aereos Regionais (1976 - 2002) ■ Servicos Aereos Condor (1927 - 46) ■ TABA - Transportes Aereos Regionais de Bacia Amazonica (1976 - 2001) ■ Transbrasil (1955 - 2001) ■ Transportes Aereos Brasil (1942 - 54) ■ Total Linhas Aéreas (1988-2008, Merged by TRIP) ■ Varig Viação Aérea Rio-Grandense S/A (1927-2006) ■ VASP (1933 - 2005) ■ Viabrasil Transportes Aereos (1997 - 2002) [edit]

118 of 206 Chile ■ Aerochile S.A., old referenced address: Estado 259, Piso 11, Santiago ■ AVANT Airlines (ceased operations 2001) ■ Ladeco (merged with LAN Chile (now LAN Airlines) in the late 1990s) ■ National Airlines (merged with AVANT in 1998) [edit] Colombia ■ ACES (1971 - 2003) ■ ADEVIA ■ AeroCóndor (1955 - 1981) ■ AeroCosta ■ AeroNorte ■ Aeropesca ■ AeroSol ■ AeroTACA (1965 - 2005) ■ AeroTal ■ AeroVanguardia ■ AeroVilla ■ Air Colombia ■ ALCOM ■ Aliansa ■ Andes ■ ARCA ■ Aerolíneas de la Paz ■ Aerolíneas del Este ■ Aviocesar ■ Avior ■ CariCarga ■ El Dorado ■ Global

119 of 206 ■ Intercontinental de Aviación (1965 - 2005) ■ Isleña ■ LAC ■ LADU ■ LANC ■ LANS ■ LANSA ■ Latina ■ Laos ■ Líneas Aéreas del Caribe ■ RANSA ■ RíoSur ■ SACO (changed its name to Avianca) ■ SCADTA (changed its name to Avianca) ■ SAEP ■ SAER ■ SEC ■ Selva ■ TCA ■ TAERCO ■ TANA ■ TAO ■ TAS ■ Taxader ■ TransAmazónica ■ Transapel ■ TransOriente ■ Viarco ■ West Caribbean Airways (1998 - 2005) [edit] Ecuador

120 of 206 ■ AREA (1949 - 1968) ■ Aerocasa, old address: Av. de la Prensa 2829, Casilla 4643-A, Quito ■ Ecuatoriana de Aviación (1957 - 2005) ■ SAETA (1966 - 2000) [edit] Guyana ■ Guyana Airways (1973 - 2001) ■ Universal Airlines (2001 - 05) [edit] Paraguay ■ Líneas Aéreas de Transporte Nacional (LATN) (1944-1995) ■ Transporte Aéreo Militar (TAM) (1954-1998) ■ Paraguayan Airways Service/Servicios Aéreos del Paraguay (PAS)(1957) ■ Lloyd Aéreo Paraguayo S.A. (LAPSA) (1959-1965) ■ Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas - LAP (1963 - 1994) ■ Lapsa Air Paraguay (1991-1995) ■ TAM-Mercosur (1996-2008) merged with TAM AIRLINES ■ Aerolíneas Paraguayas (ARPA) (1994-2002) ■ Líneas Aéreas del Este S.A. (LADESA) (1995-1997) [edit] Peru ■ Aero Continente Peru ■ Aerolineas Peruanas ■ AeroPeru (1973 - 99) ■ Americana de Aviacion ■ Apisa Air Cargo ■ APSA - Lineas Aereas Peruanas SA (1956 - 71) ■ Aviandina

121 of 206 ■ Expreso Aereo ■ Compania de Aviacion Faucett (1928 - 99) ■ Líneas Aéreas Nacionales (merged with Faucett in 1985)[citation needed] ■ Magenta Air ■ Nuevo Continente ■ PIA - Peruvian International Airlines ■ SAE - Servicio Aéreo Ejecutivo ■ Tans Peru ■ Transportes Aéreos Andahuaylas ■ Transportes Aéreos Peruanos ■ Wayraperú [edit] Uruguay ■ Aero Uruguay ■ CAUSA(Compania Aeronáutica Uruguaya S.A.) ■ Uair ■ ARCO Aerolíneas Colonia S.A. [edit] Venezuela ■ Avensa ■ VIASA - Venezolana Internacional de Aviacion (1960 - 97) ■ Zuliana ■ TACA de Venezuela [edit] See also ■ IATA airline designator ■ ICAO airline designator

122 of 206 ■ List of airlines ■ List of largest airlines ■ List of low-cost airlines ■ List of national airlines ■ List of accidents and incidents on commercial airliners ■ Airline call sign ■ Cargo airline ■ Timeline of airline bankruptcies

123 of 206 LIST OF HUB AIRPORTS

124 of 206 Contents [hide] 1 1 Africa 1 1.1 Algeria 2 1.2 Morocco 3 1.3 Angola 4 1.4 Ethiopia 5 1.5 Nigeria 6 1.6 South Africa 7 1.7 Djibouti 8 1.8 Zimbabwe 2 2 Asia 1 2.1 East Asia 1 2.1.1 China 2 2.1.2 Japan 3 2.1.3 South Korea 4 2.1.4 Taiwan 2 2.2 South Asia 1 2.2.1 India 2 2.2.2 Pakistan 3 2.3 Southeast Asia 1 2.3.1 Indonesia 2 2.3.2 Malaysia 3 2.3.3 Philippines 4 2.3.4 Singapore 5 2.3.5 Thailand 6 2.3.6 Vietnam 4 2.4 Southwest Asia 1 2.4.1 Bahrain 2 2.4.2 Israel 3 2.4.3 Jordan 4 2.4.4 Lebanon 5 2.4.5 Qatar 6 2.4.6 Saudi Arabia 7 2.4.7 United Arab Emirates 3 3 Europe 1 3.1 Austria 2 3.2 Belgium

125 of 206 [edit] Africa [edit] Algeria ■ Houari Boumedienne Airport ■ Air Algérie ■ Oued Irara Airport ■ Tassili Airlines [edit] Morocco ■ Mohammed V Airport ■ Royal Air Maroc ■ Air Arabia ■ Jet4you ■ Marrakech-Menara Airport ■ Atlas Blue ■ Ryanair ■ Ibn Batouta International Airport ■ easyjet ■ Regional Air Lines ■ Tingair Jet [edit] Angola ■ Quatro de Fevereiro Airport ■ TAAG Angola Airlines [edit]

126 of 206 Ethiopia ■ Bole International Airport ■ Ethiopian Airlines [edit] Nigeria ■ Murtala Muhammed International Airport ■ Aero Contractors (Nigeria) ■ Bellview Airlines ■ Chanchangi Airlines ■ Overland Airways ■ Virgin Nigeria ■ Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport ■ IRS Airlines [edit] South Africa ■ OR Tambo International Airport ■ South African Airways ■ Cape Town International Airport ■ South African Airways [edit] Djibouti ■ ambouli international airport ■ future doraleh international airport ■ Djibouti Airlines [edit] Zimbabwe

127 of 206 ■ Harare International Airport ■ Air Zimbabwe [edit] Asia [edit] East Asia [edit] China ■ Beijing Capital International Airport ■ Air China ■ China Southern Airlines ■ Hainan Airlines ■ Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport ■ China Southern Airlines ■ Hong Kong International Airport ■ Cathay Paciﬁc ■ Dragonair ■ Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport ■ China Eastern Airlines ■ Shanghai Airlines ■ Shanghai Pudong International Airport ■ Air China ■ China Eastern Airlines ■ Shanghai Airlines [edit] Japan

128 of 206 ■ Kansai International Airport ■ Japan Airlines ■ All Nippon Airways ■ Narita International Airport ■ All Nippon Airways ■ Japan Airlines ■ Northwest Airlines [edit] South Korea ■ Incheon International Airport ■ Korean Air ■ Asiana Airlines [edit] Taiwan ■ Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport ■ China Airlines ■ EVA Air [edit] South Asia [edit] India ■ Delhi airport ■ Air India ■ Jet Lite ■ Mumbai Airport ■ Air India ■ Jet Airways

129 of 206 ■ Hyderabad International Airport ■ Jetlite ■ Bangalore International Airport ■ Kingﬁsher [edit] Pakistan ■ Jinnah International Airport, Karachi ■ PIA (Pakistan International) ■ Aero Asia ■ AirBlue ■ Shaheen [edit] Southeast Asia [edit] Indonesia ■ Soekarno-Hatta International Airport ■ Garuda Indonesia ■ Adam Air ■ Mandala Airlines ■ Indonesia Air Asia ■ Juanda International Airport ■ Garuda Indonesia ■ Lion Air [edit] Malaysia ■ Senai International Airport ■ Air Asia

130 of 206 ■ Kota Kinabalu International Airport ■ Air Asia ■ Malaysia Airlines ■ MASwings ■ Kuching International Airport ■ Air Asia ■ Malaysia Airlines ■ Kuala Lumpur International Airport ■ Air Asia ■ Air Asia X ■ Malaysia Airlines ■ Miri Airport ■ MASwings ■ Penang International Airport ■ Fireﬂy [edit] Philippines ■ Luzon ■ Diosdado Macapagal International Airport ■ Tiger Airways ■ Ninoy Aquino International Airport ■ Asian Spirit ■ Philippine Airlines ■ Cebu Paciﬁc ■ South East Asian Airlines ■ Visayas ■ Godofredo P. Ramos Airport ■ South East Asian Airlines ■ Mactan-Cebu International Airport ■ Asian Spirit ■ Philippine Airlines

131 of 206 ■ Cebu Paciﬁc ■ South East Asian Airlines ■ Mindanao ■ Francisco Bangoy International Airport ■ Cebu Paciﬁc ■ Zamboanga International Airport ■ Asian Spirit ■ South East Asian Airlines [edit] Singapore ■ Singapore Changi Airport ■ Garuda Indonesia ■ Jetstar Asia Airways ■ SilkAir ■ Singapore Airlines ■ Tiger Airways ■ Qantas [edit] Thailand ■ Suvarnabhumi Airport ■ Thai Airways International ■ Orient Thai Airlines ■ Bangkok Airways ■ Thai AirAsia ■ PBair ■ SGA Airlines ■ Don Mueang International Airport ■ Thai Airways International ■ One-Two-GO Airlines

132 of 206 ■ Nok Air ■ Chiang Mai International Airport ■ Thai Airways International ■ SGA Airlines ■ Phuket International Airport ■ Thai Airways International ■ Orient Thai Airlines ■ Samui Airport ■ Bangkok Airways [edit] Vietnam ■ Noi Bai International Airport ■ Vietnam Airlines ■ Tan Son Nhat International Airport ■ Paciﬁc Airlines ■ Vietnam Airlines [edit] Southwest Asia [edit] Bahrain ■ Bahrain International Airport ■ Gulf Air ■ Bahrain Air [edit] Israel ■ Ben Gurion International Airport ■ Arkia Israel Airlines

133 of 206 ■ El Al ■ Israir Airlines [edit] Jordan ■ Queen Alia International Airport ■ Royal Jordanian [edit] Lebanon ■ Beirut Raﬁc Hariri International Airport ■ Middle East Airlines [edit] Qatar ■ Doha International Airport ■ Qatar Airways [edit] Saudi Arabia ■ King Khaled International Airport ■ Saudi Arabian Airlines ■ Nas Air ■ Sama Airlines ■ Al Khayala ■ King Abdulaziz International Airport ■ Saudi Arabian Airlines ■ Al Khayala ■ King Fahd International Airport ■ Saudi Arabian Airlines ■ Sama Airlines

134 of 206 [edit] United Arab Emirates ■ Abu Dhabi International Airport ■ Etihad ■ Dubai International Airport ■ Emirates Airline ■ Sharjah International Airport ■ Air Arabia [edit] Europe [edit] Austria ■ Vienna International Airport ■ Austrian Airlines ■ SkyEurope ■ Niki [edit] Belgium ■ Brussels Airport ■ Brussels Airlines ■ Jet Airways [edit] Croatia ■ Zagreb Airport ■ Croatia Airlines

135 of 206 [edit] Czech Republic ■ Ruzyně Airport ■ CSA Czech Airlines ■ SkyEurope ■ Smart Wings [edit] Denmark ■ Copenhagen Airport ■ Scandinavian Airlines ■ Sterling Airlines [edit] Finland ■ Helsinki-Vantaa Airport ■ Blue1 ■ Finnair ■ Finncom Airlines [edit] France ■ Charles de Gaulle Airport ■ Air France [edit] Germany ■ Berlin-Schönefeld Airport ■ EasyJet

136 of 206 ■ Berlin-Tegel Airport ■ Air Berlin ■ LTU International Airways ■ Bremen Airport ■ Ryanair ■ Cologne Bonn Airport ■ Germanwings ■ TUIﬂy ■ Düsseldorf International Airport ■ LTU International Airways ■ Frankfurt International Airport ■ Lufthansa ■ Condor Airlines ■ Frankfurt-Hahn Airport ■ Ryanair ■ Hamburg Airport ■ Hamburg International ■ Air Berlin ■ Munich Airport ■ Lufthansa ■ LTU International Airways ■ Nuremberg Airport ■ Air Berlin ■ Stuttgart Airport ■ Germanwings ■ Airport Weeze ■ Ryanair [edit] Greece ■ Athens International Airport ■ Olympic Airlines

137 of 206 ■ Aegean Airlines [edit] Hungary ■ Ferihegy Airport ■ Malev ■ Wizz Air [edit] Ireland ■ Dublin Airport ■ Aer Lingus ■ Ryanair [edit] Italy ■ Malpensa Airport ■ Air Italy ■ Blue Panorama Airlines ■ Easyjet ■ Euroﬂy ■ Livingston Energy Flight ■ Lufthansa Italia ■ Neos ■ Volare Airlines ■ Volareweb ■ Orio al Serio Airport ■ Ryanair ■ Bologna Airport ■ Ryanair ■ Peretola Airport

138 of 206 ■ Meridiana ■ Pisa Airport ■ Ryanair ■ Leonardo da Vinci Airport ■ Air One ■ Alitalia ■ Ciampino Airport ■ Ryanair ■ Catania Airport ■ Windjet ■ Palermo Airport ■ Windjet ■ Olbia - Costa Smeralda Airport ■ Meridiana ■ Cagliari Airport ■ Meridiana [edit] Netherlands ■ Amsterdam Schiphol Airport ■ KLM Royal Dutch Airlines ■ Northwest Airlines ■ Martinair ■ Transavia ■ Arkeﬂy [edit] Poland ■ Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport ■ LOT Polish Airlines ■ Centralwings

139 of 206 ■ Wizz Air ■ John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice ■ LOT Polish Airlines ■ Centralwings ■ Katowice International Airport ■ Wizz Air [edit] Portugal ■ Portela Airport, Lisbon ■ TAP Portugal ■ EuroAtlantic Airways ■ Hiﬂy ■ Luzair ■ Orbest ■ White Airways ■ João Paulo II Airport, Ponta Delgada ■ Sata [edit] Romania ■ Henri Coandă International Airport, Bucharest ■ TAROM ■ Aurel Vlaicu International Airport, Bucharest ■ Wizz Air ■ Traian Vuia International Airport, Timişoara ■ Carpatair [edit] Russia ■ Domodedovo International Airport, Moscow

140 of 206 ■ Transaero, S7 ■ Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow ■ Aeroﬂot ■ AeroForac ■ Pulkovo Airport, Saint Petersburg ■ Rossiya [edit] Slovakia ■ Bratislava M. R. Štefánik Airport ■ SkyEurope ■ Air Slovakia ■ Košice International Airport ■ SkyEurope [edit] Slovenia ■ Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport ■ Adria Airways [edit] Spain ■ Barajas Airport ■ Iberia ■ Spanair ■ Air Europa ■ Air Comet ■ Vueling ■ EasyJet ■ Ryanair ■ Barcelona Airport

141 of 206 ■ Iberia ■ Vueling ■ Palma de Mallorca ■ Spanair ■ Air Berlin [edit] Sweden ■ Stockholm-Arlanda Airport ■ Scandinavian Airlines [edit] Switzerland ■ Zurich Airport ■ Swiss International Airlines ■ EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg in Basel ■ Swiss International Airlines ■ EasyJet ■ Geneva Cointrin International Airport ■ Swiss International Airlines ■ Flybaboo ■ Lugano Airport ■ Darwin Airline [edit] Turkey ■ Istanbul Ataturk Airport ■ Turkish Airlines ■ Onur Airlines [edit]

142 of 206 United Kingdom ■ Belfast International Airport ■ Aer Lingus ■ Birmingham International Airport ■ Bmibaby ■ Flybe ■ Ryanair ■ Monarch ■ Cardiff Airport ■ Bmibaby ■ London Heathrow Airport ■ BMI ■ British Airways ■ Virgin Atlantic Airways ■ London Gatwick Airport ■ British Airways ■ Virgin Atlantic Airways ■ Manchester International Airport ■ BMI ■ Bmibaby [edit] North America [edit] United States [edit] Alaska ■ Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC)

143 of 206 ■ Alaska Airlines [edit] Arizona ■ Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX) ■ Great Lakes Airlines ■ Southwest Airlines(Southwest, has a point-to-point carrier, does not have either focus cities or hubs. They do have some cities that have more ﬂights than other cities and this leads to more connecting opportunities. However, this is not the same as focus cities and hubs of other airlines. Source: [1]) ■ United Airlines ■ US Airways [edit] California ■ San Francisco International Airport (SFO) - Fortress Hub ■ United Airlines - (Dominating Carrier) ■ Virgin America ■ Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) ■ Alaska Airlines ■ Allegiant Air (Focus City - from May 1, 2009) ■ American Airlines (Focus City) ■ Delta Air Lines (International Gateway) ■ Southwest Airlines (Focus City)(Southwest, has a point-to-point carrier, does not have either focus cities or hubs. They do have some cities that have more ﬂights than other cities and this leads to more connecting opportunities. However, this is not the same as focus cities and hubs of other airlines. Source: [2]) ■ United Airlines ■ Oakland International Airport (OAK)

144 of 206 ■ Southwest Airlines(Southwest, has a point-to-point carrier, does not have either focus cities or hubs. They do have some cities that have more ﬂights than other cities and this leads to more connecting opportunities. However, this is not the same as focus cities and hubs of other airlines. Source: [3]) [edit] Colorado ■ Denver International Airport (DEN) - Fortress Hub ■ Frontier Airlines ■ Great Lakes Airlines ■ Southwest Airlines(Southwest, has a point-to-point carrier, does not have either focus cities or hubs. They do have some cities that have more ﬂights than other cities and this leads to more connecting opportunities. However, this is not the same as focus cities and hubs of other airlines. Source: [4]) ■ United Airlines ■ United Airlines - (Dominating Carrier) [edit] Florida ■ Miami International Airport (MIA) ■ American Airlines ■ Ft. Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport (FLL) ■ Spirit Airlines ■ Orlando International Airport (MCO) ■ AirTran Airways ■ Orlando Sanford International Airport (SFB) ■ Allegiant Air [edit] Georgia

145 of 206 ■ Hartsﬁeld-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) - Fortress Hub ■ AirTran Airways ■ Delta Air Lines - (Dominating Carrier) [edit] Hawaii ■ Honolulu International Airport (HNL) ■ Hawaiian Airlines [edit] Illinois ■ O'Hare International Airport (ORD) ■ American Airlines ■ United Airlines ■ USA 3000(Focus City) ■ Chicago Midway International Airport (MDW) ■ Southwest Airlines(Southwest, has a point-to-point carrier, does not have either focus cities or hubs. They do have some cities that have more ﬂights than other cities and this leads to more connecting opportunities. However, this is not the same as focus cities and hubs of other airlines. Source: [5]) ■ United Airlines [edit] Kentucky ■ Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG) ■ Delta Air Lines [edit] Maryland ■ Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI)

146 of 206 ■ AirTran Airways ■ Southwest Airlines(Southwest, has a point-to-point carrier, does not have either focus cities or hubs. They do have some cities that have more ﬂights than other cities and this leads to more connecting opportunities. However, this is not the same as focus cities and hubs of other airlines. Source: [6]) [edit] Massachusetts ■ Logan International Airport (BOS) ■ JetBlue Airways ■ US Airways ■ American Airlines ■ American Eagle [edit] Michigan ■ Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (DTW) ■ Northwest Airlines ■ Pinnacle Airlines ■ Mesaba Airlines ■ Compass Airlines ■ Spirit Airlines [edit] Minnesota ■ Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport (MSP) ■ Northwest Airlines ■ Sun Country Airlines [edit]

147 of 206 Missouri ■ Lambert-St. Louis International Airport (STL) ■ American Airlines ■ Kansas City International Airport (MCI) ■ Midwest Airlines [edit] Nevada ■ Las Vegas McCarran International Airport (LAS) ■ Allegiant Air ■ Southwest Airlines(Southwest, has a point-to-point carrier, does not have either focus cities or hubs. They do have some cities that have more ﬂights than other cities and this leads to more connecting opportunities. However, this is not the same as focus cities and hubs of other airlines. Source: [7]) ■ United Airlines ■ US Airways (Focus City) [edit] New Jersey ■ Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) ■ Continental Airlines [edit] New York ■ John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) ■ American Airlines (International Gateway) ■ Delta Air Lines ■ JetBlue Airways ■ LaGuardia Airport (LGA) ■ American Airlines

148 of 206 ■ US Airways [edit] North Carolina ■ Charlotte-Douglas International Airport (CLT) ■ US Airways [edit] Ohio ■ Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE) ■ Continental Airlines ■ Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG) - in N KY; see Kentucky [edit] Oregon ■ Portland International Airport (PDX) ■ Alaska Airlines ■ Horizon Air [edit] Pennsylvania ■ Philadelphia International Airport (PHL) ■ US Airways ■ Pittsburgh International Airport (PIT) ■ US Airways (Small Focus City) (Dominating Carrier) [edit] Tennessee ■ Memphis International Airport (MEM)

149 of 206 ■ Northwest Airlines [edit] Texas ■ Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) - Fortress Hub ■ American Airlines - (Dominating Carrier) ■ Dallas Love Field (DAL) ■ Southwest Airlines(Southwest, has a point-to-point carrier, does not have either focus cities or hubs. They do have some cities that have more ﬂights than other cities and this leads to more connecting opportunities. However, this is not the same as focus cities and hubs of other airlines. Source: [8]) ■ George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) - Fortress Hub ■ Continental Airlines - (Dominating Carrier) ■ Houston Hobby Airport (HOU) ■ Southwest Airlines(Southwest, has a point-to-point carrier, does not have either focus cities or hubs. They do have some cities that have more ﬂights than other cities and this leads to more connecting opportunities. However, this is not the same as focus cities and hubs of other airlines. Source: [9]) [edit] Utah ■ Salt Lake City International Airport (SLC) ■ Delta Air Lines ■ SkyWest Airlines [edit] Virginia/Washington D.C ■ Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD) ■ United Airlines

150 of 206 ■ JetBlue Airways (focus city) ■ Aer Lingus (Focus City) [from March 2010] ■ Ronald Reagan National Airport (DCA) ■ US Airways (focus city) [edit] Washington ■ Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA) ■ Alaska Airlines ■ Horizon Air ■ Northwest Airlines (Focus City) [edit] Wisconsin ■ General Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee (MKE) ■ Midwest Airlines ■ Midwest Connect ■ AirTran Airways [edit] Puerto Rico ■ Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, San Juan (SJU) ■ American Airlines [edit] Canada [edit] Alberta ■ Calgary International Airport (YYC)

151 of 206 ■ Air Canada ■ Air Canada Jazz ■ WestJet [edit] British Columbia ■ Vancouver International Airport (YVR) ■ Air Canada ■ Air Canada Jazz ■ Air Transat [edit] Nova Scotia ■ Halifax Stanﬁeld International Airport ■ Air Canada Jazz [edit] Nunavut ■ Iqaluit Airport ■ First Air [edit] Ontario ■ North Bay/Jack Garland Airport (YYB) ■ Voyageur Airways ■ Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport ■ Air Canada ■ First Air ■ WestJet ■ Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ) ■ Air Canada

152 of 206 ■ Air Transat ■ WestJet ■ Toronto City Centre Airport 'Toronto Island Airport' (YTZ) ■ Porter Airlines ■ Trans Capital Air [edit] Quebec ■ Montreal-Trudeau International Airport (YUL) ■ Air Canada ■ Air Canada Jazz ■ Air Transat ■ First Air ■ Sunwing [edit] Yukon ■ Yellowknife Airport ■ First Air [edit] Mexico [edit] Baja California Norte ■ Tijuana General Abelardo L. Rodríguez International Airport (TIJ) ■ Avolar [edit] Federal District

153 of 206 ■ Mexico City International Airport (MEX) ■ Aeromar ■ Aeromexico ■ Aeromexico Connect ■ Click Mexicana ■ Mexicana [edit] Jalisco ■ Guadalajara Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport (GDL) ■ ALMA de Mexico ■ Aeromexico ■ Aeromexico Connect ■ Mexicana [edit] Mexico State ■ Toluca Lic. Adolfo López Mateos International Airport (TLC) ■ Interjet ■ Volaris [edit] Nuevo León ■ Monterrey General Mariano Escobedo International Airport (MTY) ■ Aeromexico ■ Aeromexico Connect ■ Aladia ■ Aviacsa ■ Viva Aerobus [edit]

154 of 206 Quintana Roo ■ Cancun International Airport (CUN) ■ Aeroméxico Travel ■ Magnicharters [edit] Central America [edit] Honduras ■ Goloson International Airport (LCE) ■ Islena Airlines ■ Aerolineas Sosa ■ Atlantic Airlines de Honduras [edit] El Salvador ■ Comalapa International Airport (SAL) ■ Grupo TACA [edit] Costa Rica ■ Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO) ■ Grupo TACA [edit] Panama ■ Tocumen International Airport (PTY) ■ Copa Airlines

155 of 206 [edit] Oceania [edit] Australia ■ Melbourne Airport (MEL) ■ Qantas ■ Jetstar Airways ■ Tiger Airways Australia ■ Virgin Blue ■ Sydney Airport (SYD) ■ Qantas ■ Virgin Blue ■ Brisbane Airport (BNE) ■ Virgin Blue [edit] New Zealand ■ Auckland Airport (AKL) ■ Air New Zealand [edit] South America [edit] Argentina ■ Aeroparque Jorge Newbery (AEP) ■ Aerolineas Argentinas

156 of 206 ■ Austral ■ LAN Argentina ■ Ministro Pistarini International Airport (EZE) ■ Aerolineas Argentinas ■ Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport (SLA) ■ Andes Líneas Aéreas [edit] Colombia ■ El Dorado International Airport (BOG) ■ Avianca [edit] French Guiana ■ Cayenne-Rochambeau Airport (CAY) ■ Air Guyane Express [edit] Brazil ■ Guarulhos International Airport (GRU) ■ TAM ■ Varig [edit] Chile ■ Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport (SCL) ■ LAN Airlines [edit] Peru

157 of 206 ■ Jorge Chavez International Airport (LIM) ■ LAN Perú ■ TACA Peru [edit] Uruguay ■ Carrasco International Airport (MVD) ■ Pluna

158 of 206 WORLD'S LARGEST AIRLINES There are several methods to measure the size of an airline, so several different lists of the world's largest airlines are available. Contents [hide] 1 1 By scheduled passengers 1 1.1 Scheduled passengers carried 2 1.2 Scheduled international passengers carried 3 1.3 Scheduled domestic passengers carried 2 2 By scheduled passenger-kilometres 1 2.1 Scheduled passenger-kilometres flown 2 2.2 Scheduled international passenger-kilometres flown 3 2.3 Scheduled domestic passenger-kilometres flown 3 3 By scheduled freight 1 3.1 Scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown 2 3.2 Scheduled international freight tonne- kilometres flown 3 3.3 Scheduled domestic freight tonne-kilometres flown 4 4 By fleet size 1 4.1 Passenger airlines 2 4.2 Cargo airlines 5 5 By region 1 5.1 Scheduled passengers carried 6 6 See also 7 7 Notes 8 8 References [edit] By scheduled passengers

159 of 206 [edit] Scheduled passengers carried An American Airlines Boeing 777-200ER landing at London Heathrow Airport. Ran Airline 2007 2006 2005 k (thousands) (thousands) (thousands) [1] [2] 1 Southwest 101,911 96,277 88,380 [3] Airlines 2 American Airlines 98,162 99,835 98,038 [4] 3 Air France- 74,795 73,484 70,015 [5] KLM2 4 Delta Air Lines3 72,900 73,584 86,007 5 United Airlines 68,400 69,265 66,717 6 Lufthansa1 62,900 53,400 51,300 [6] 7 China Southern 56,900 48,512 43,228 Airlines 8 Northwest 53,700 55,925 57,547 Airlines 9 Japan Airlines 50,442 48,911 50,884 [7] 10 All Nippon 50,384 49,226 48,315 [8] Airways Notes ■ Based on International Air Transport Association published ﬁgures

160 of 206 ■ Note 1: Excludes ﬁgures for Germanwings and includes Swiss International Air Lines from 7/2007. ■ Note 2: Includes ﬁgures for Air France and KLM; Air France-KLM's business year ends on March 31st. ■ Note 3: Delta will become the world's largest carrier once Delta and Northwest have combined into one airline, which will be called "Delta". [edit] Scheduled international passengers carried Ryanair Boeing 737-800 shortly after takeoff Ran Airline 2007 2006 2005 k (thousands) (thousands) (thousands [1] [2] ) 1 Ryanair 49,030 40,532 - 2 Lufthansa1 41,322 38,236 35,740 3 Air France 31,549 30,417 28,898 4 EasyJet 30,173 21,917 - 5 British Airways 28,302 29,498 28,922 6 KLM 23,165 22,322 21,435 7 American Airlines 21,479 21,228 20,659 8 Emirates Airline 20,448 16,748 14,976 9 Singapore 18,957 18,022 16,618 Airlines2

161 of 206 10 Cathay Pacific3 17,695 16,667 15,369 Notes ■ Based on International Air Transport Association published figures ■ Note 1: Excludes figures for Swiss International Air Lines and Germanwings ■ Note 2: Excludes figures for SilkAir ■ Note 3: Includes figures for flights between Hong Kong and the rest of the People's Republic of China [edit] Scheduled domestic passengers carried A Southwest Airlines 737 landing at Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. Ran Airline 2007 2006 k (thousands) (thousands) [1] [2] 1 Southwest 101,911 96,277 Airlines 2 American Airlines 76,687 78,607 3 Delta Air Lines 61,651 63,446 4 United Airlines 58,162 58,801 5 China Southern 52,505 45,249 Airlines1

162 of 206 6 All Nippon 44,792 45,328 Airways 7 Northwest 44,337 45,743 Airlines 8 US Airways 37,560 32,094 9 Continental 37,175 35,852 Airlines 10 Japan Airlines 35,583 37,154 Notes ■ Based on International Air Transport Association published figures ■ Note 1: Excludes figures for flights to Hong Kong from the rest of the People's Republic of China. [edit] By scheduled passenger-kilometres [edit] Scheduled passenger-kilometres flown Ran Airline 2007 2006 2005 k (millions)[9] (millions) (millions) 1 American Airlines 222,761 224,330 222,449 2 United Airlines 191,933 188,684 183,296 3 Delta Air Lines3 166,209 158,952 166,664 4 Continental 130,965 122,712 109,320 Airlines 5 Air France1 128,914 123,458 116,241 6 Lufthansa2 122,091 114,672 122,222 7 Northwest 117,357 116,845 122,017 Airlines

163 of 206 8 Southwest 116,385 116,845 108,935- Airlines 9 British Airways 113,275 114,896 110,960 10 Singapore 90,901 - Airlines Notes ■ Based on International Air Transport Association published figures ■ Note 1: Excludes figures for KLM ■ Note 2: Excludes figures for Swiss International Air Lines and Germanwings ■ Note 3: Delta will become the world's largest carrier once operations with Northwest Airlines have combined. [edit] Scheduled international passenger-kilometres flown Air France Airbus A320-200 Ran Airline 2007[9] 2006 k (millions) (millions) 1 Air France1 118,112 112,689 2 Lufthansa2 116,838 109,384 3 British Airways 110,320 111,336 4 Singapore 90,901 87,646 Airlines3 5 Emirates Airline 90,530 74,578

164 of 206 6 American Airlines 81,324 81,129 7 United Airlines 77,709 74,578 8 Cathay Pacific4 74,987 71,124 9 KLM 74,488 71,761 10 Delta Air Lines 63,202 Notes ■ Based on International Air Transport Association published figures ■ Note 1: Excludes figures for KLM ■ Note 2: Excludes figures for Swiss International Air Lines and Germanwings ■ Note 3: Excludes figures for SilkAir ■ Note 4: Includes figures for flights between Hong Kong and the rest of the People's Republic of China [edit] Scheduled domestic passenger-kilometres flown American Airlines Airbus A300 Ran Airline 2007 2006 k (millions)[9] (millions) 1 American Airlines 141,437 143,201 2 Southwest 116,385 108,935 Airlines 3 United Airlines 114,224 114,106 4 Delta Air Lines 103,008 104,626

165 of 206 5 Continental 74,126 70,810 Airlines 6 China Southern 69,367 59,006 Airlines1 7 Northwest 63,872 64,979 Airlines 8 US Airways 52,018 43,606 9 JetBlue Airways 41,395 37,513 10 All Nippon 39,098 39,586 Airways Notes ■ Based on International Air Transport Association published figures ■ Note 1: Excludes figures for flights to Hong Kong from the rest of the People's Republic of China. [edit] By scheduled freight [edit] Scheduled freight tonne-kilometres flown A FedEx Express Airbus A310 taxis for takeoff at the Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford, Gloucestershire, England.

166 of 206 Ran Airline 2007 2006 2005 k (millions)[10] (millions) (millions) 1 FedEx Express 15,710 15,145 14,408 2 UPS Airlines 10,968 9,341 9,075 3 Korean Air Cargo 9,568 8,764 8,072 4 Lufthansa Cargo1 8,348 8,091 7,680 5 Cathay Pacific 8,225 6,914 6,458 6 Singapore 7,945 7,991 7,603 Airlines Cargo2 7 China Airlines 6,301 6,099 6,037 8 Air France3 6,126 5,868 5,532 9 Emirates Airline 5,497 10 Cargolux 5,482 5,237 5,149 Notes ■ Based on International Air Transport Association published figures ■ Note 1: Includes figures for Lufthansa ■ Note 2: Includes figures for Singapore Airlines ■ Note 3: Excludes figures for KLM [edit] Scheduled international freight tonne-kilometres flown Korean Air Boeing 747, one of the passenger aircraft with the cargo hold managed by Korean Air Cargo

167 of 206 Ran Airline 2007 2006 k (millions)[10] (millions) 1 Korean Air Cargo 9,498 8,680 2 Lufthansa Cargo1 8,336 8,077 3 Cathay Pacific3 8,225 6,914 4 Singapore 7,945 7,991 Airlines Cargo2 5 FedEx Express 6,470 6,136 6 China Airlines 6,301 6,099 7 Air France4 6,123 5,864 8 Emirates Airline 5,497 5,027 9 Cargolux 5,482 5,237 10 UPS Airlines 5,077 Notes ■ Based on International Air Transport Association published figures ■ Note 1: Includes figures for Lufthansa ■ Note 2: Includes figures for Singapore Airlines ■ Note 3: Includes figures for flights between Hong Kong and the rest of the People's Republic of China ■ Note 4: Excludes figures for KLM [edit] Scheduled domestic freight tonne-kilometres flown

168 of 206 FedEx Express McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Ran Airline 2007 2006 k (millions)[10] (millions) 1 FedEx Express 9,239 9,009 2 UPS Airlines 5,892 5,315 3 China Southern 1,101 1,027 Airlines1 4 Northwest 773 890 Airlines 5 Air China1 757 706 6 China Eastern 590 560 Airlines1 7 United Airlines 507 417 8 American Airlines 469 493 9 All Nippon 407 404 Airways 10 Japan Airlines 399 Notes ■ Based on International Air Transport Association published figures ■ Note 1: Excludes figures for flights to Hong Kong and/or Macau from the rest of the People's Republic of China. [edit] By fleet size [edit] Passenger airlines Ra Airline Fleet Notes nk size

169 of 206 1 American 616[1 Airlines 1] 2 539[1 Southwest 2] Airlines 3 Delta Air 443[1 To become world's largest airline once operations Lines 3] with Northwest have combined 4 United 407[1 Airlines 4] 5 380[1 Continental 5] Airlines 6 US 361[1 Airways 6] 7 344[1 Lufthansa 7] 8 336[1 wholly-owned subsidiary of of Delta Air Lines, Inc. Northwest 8] Airlines 9 Air 334[1 Canada 9] 10 China 299[2 Southern 0] Airlines 11 SkyWest 292[2 Airlines 1] 12 Air 256[2 The ﬂeet of the Air France-KLM group consists of France 2] 620 aircraft as of 12/31/2008. 13 British 245[2 Airways 3]

170 of 206 14 244[2 ExpressJet 4] Airlines 15 Air China 222[2 5] [edit] Cargo airlines Ran Airline Fleet size Note k s 1 FedEx Express 672[26] 2 UPS Airlines 262[27] [edit] By region [edit] Scheduled passengers carried Continent/ Airline Passengers Full list region carried Africa South 8,050,000 List of largest airlines in Africa African Airways (2006/2007)[28] Asia China 58,237,000 List of largest airlines in Asia Southern Airlines (2008)[29] Europe Air 74,795,000 List of largest airlines in France-KLM (2007)[1] Europe North Southwest 101,911,000 List of largest airlines in North America Airlines (2007)[1] America Oceania Qantas 25,950,000 List of largest airlines in (2007)[30] Oceania

171 of 206 South TAM Airlines 25,022,000 List of largest airlines in South America (TAM Linhas (2006)[31] America Aéreas) [edit] See also ■ World's busiest airport ■ World's busiest airports by passenger traffic ■ World's busiest airports by traffic movements ■ List of the busiest airports in Africa by passenger traffic ■ List of the busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic ■ List of the largest airports in the Nordic countries

172 of 206 LIST OF LOW-COST AIRLINES

173 of 206 Contents [hide] 1 1 Americas 1 1.1 United States 2 1.2 Canada 3 1.3 Mexico 4 1.4 Brazil 5 1.5 Colombia 2 2 Asia 1 2.1 Bangladesh 2 2.2 China 1 2.2.1 Hong Kong 2 2.2.2 Macau 3 2.3 India 4 2.4 Indonesia 5 2.5 Japan 6 2.6 South Korea 7 2.7 Malaysia 8 2.8 Nepal 9 2.9 Pakistan 10 2.10 Philippines 11 2.11 Sri Lanka 12 2.12 Singapore 13 2.13 Thailand 14 2.14 Vietnam 3 3 Europe 1 3.1 Albania 2 3.2 Austria 3 3.3 Belgium 4 3.4 Bulgaria 5 3.5 Cyprus 6 3.6 Czech Republic 7 3.7 France 8 3.8 Finland

174 of 206 [edit] Americas [edit] United States ■ AirTran Airways Domestic Routes ■ Allegiant Air Domestic Routes ■ Frontier Airlines Domestic, Mexico, Alaska and Costa Rica Routes ■ Go! Hawaiian Islands Only ■ Horizon Air Domestic, Canada, and Mexico Routes ■ Island Air Hawaiian Islands Only ■ JetBlue Airlines Domestic, Caribbean, and South America Routes ■ Southwest Airlines Domestic Routes ■ Spirit Airlines Domestic, Caribbean, and South America Routes ■ Sun Country Airlines Domestic, Mexico, and Caribbean Routes ■ US Airways Domestic and international Routes ■ Virgin America Domestic Routes [edit] Canada ■ WestJet [edit] Mexico ■ Click Mexicana ■ Interjet ■ Viva Aerobus ■ Volaris [edit]

175 of 206 Brazil ■ Azul Brazilian Airlines ■ Gol Transportes Aéreos ■ Oceair ■ WebJet Linhas Aéreas [edit] Colombia ■ EasyFly [edit] Asia [edit] Bangladesh ■ GMG Airlines ■ Royal Bengal Airline ■ Best Air [edit] China ■ Spring Airlines ■ United Eagle Airlines ■ Juneyao Airlines ■ East Star Airlines ■ Okay Airways ■ Lucky Air ■ Shenzhen Airlines ■ Deer Jet ■ Kunpeng Airlines

176 of 206 ■ Chang An Airlines [edit] Hong Kong ■ Hong Kong Airlines ■ Hong Kong Express [edit] Macau ■ Viva Macau [edit] India ■ Air-India Express ■ Go Air ■ IndiGo ■ JetLite ■ SpiceJet ■ Kingﬁsher Red [edit] Indonesia ■ Indonesia AirAsia ■ Linus Airways ■ Lion Air ■ Mandala Airlines ■ Batavia Air [edit] Japan

177 of 206 ■ JAL Express ■ Hokkaido International Airlines ■ Skynet Asia Airways ■ StarFlyer ■ Air Next [edit] South Korea ■ Eastar Jet ■ Yeongnam Air ■ Hansung Airlines ■ Jeju Air ■ PurpleJet ■ Air Korea renamed "Jin Air" ■ Air Busan [edit] Malaysia ■ AirAsia ■ AirAsia X ■ Fireﬂy [edit] Nepal ■ Fly Yeti ■ Cosmic Air [edit] Pakistan ■ Air Blue

178 of 206 ■ Shaheen Air [edit] Philippines ■ Cebu Paciﬁc ■ Spirit of Manila Airlines ■ Zest Airways ■ Air Philippines ■ PAL Express A Cebu Paciﬁc airplane on the runway at Ninoy Aquino International Airport. [edit] Sri Lanka ■ Mihin Lanka [edit] Singapore ■ Jetstar Asia Airways ■ Tiger Airways ■ Valuair [edit] Thailand

179 of 206 ■ Nok Air ■ One-Two-GO Airlines ■ Thai AirAsia [edit] Vietnam ■ Jetstar Paciﬁc [edit] Europe [edit] Albania ■ Belle Air [edit] Austria ■ Niki [edit] Belgium ■ Brussels Airlines [edit] Bulgaria ■ Wizz Air

180 of 206 [edit] Cyprus ■ Eurocypria Airlines [edit] Czech Republic ■ Click4sky.com ■ Smart Wings ■ SkyEurope [edit] France ■ Aigle Azur [edit] Finland ■ Finncomm Airlines [edit] Germany ■ Air Berlin ■ Germanwings ■ TUIﬂy [edit] Hungary ■ Wizz Air [edit]

181 of 206 Iceland ■ Iceland Express [edit] Ireland ■ Ryanair [edit] Italy ■ Blu-express ■ Meridiana ■ MyAir ■ Windjet [edit] The Netherlands ■ Transavia [edit] Norway ■ Norwegian Air Shuttle [edit] Poland ■ Jet Air ■ Air Italy Polska [edit] Romania

182 of 206 ■ Blue Air ■ Jet Tran Air [edit] Russia ■ SkyExpress ■ Red Wings [edit] Slovakia ■ SkyEurope [edit] Spain ■ Clickair ■ Vueling Airlines [edit] Sweden ■ Scandjet ■ Sverigeﬂyg [edit] Switzerland ■ Easyjet Switzerland ■ Hello [edit] Ukraine

183 of 206 [edit] United Kingdom ■ Bmibaby ■ EasyJet ■ Flybe ■ Jet2 ■ Monarch Scheduled [edit] Middle East [edit] Bahrain ■ Bahrain Air [edit] Kuwait ■ Jazeera Airways [edit] Saudi Arabia ■ Sama Airlines ■ Nas Air [edit] Turkey ■ Anadolujet ■ Izair

184 of 206 ■ Pegasus Airlines [edit] United Arab Emirates ■ Air Arabia ■ Flydubai [edit] Oceania [edit] Australia ■ Virgin Blue ■ Jetstar Airways ■ Tiger Airways Australia [edit] New Zealand ■ Paciﬁc Blue Airlines [edit] Africa [edit] Kenya ■ Fly540 ■ Air Kenya

185 of 206 ■ East African Safari Air ■ Jetlink express ■ LacVic Aviation ■ OneJetOne Airlines commencing 2009/2010 [edit] Morocco ■ Jet4you ■ Atlas Blue [edit] Nigeria ■ Sosoliso Airlines ■ IRS Airlines [edit] South Africa ■ Kulula.com ■ 1Time ■ Mango [edit] Tunisia ■ Karthago Airlines [edit] Defunct low-cost carriers

186 of 206 [edit] Argentina ■ LAPA [edit] Australia ■ Compass Airlines ■ East-West ■ Sungold Airlines [edit] Belgium ■ Virgin Express [edit] Canada ■ Air Canada Tango ■ Canada 3000 ■ Greyhound Air ■ Harmony Airways ■ Jetsgo ■ Vistajet ■ Wardair ■ Zip ■ Zoom Airlines [edit] Denmark ■ Sterling Airlines

187 of 206 [edit] Faroe Islands ■ FaroeJet [edit] Finland ■ Flying Finn [edit] France ■ Air Turquoise ■ ﬂywest [edit] Germany ■ dba [edit] Hong Kong ■ Oasis Hong Kong Airlines [edit] Ireland ■ EUJet ■ JetGreen Airways [edit] Italy ■ Air Service Plus

188 of 206 ■ Volare Airlines [edit] Mexico ■ Aladia ■ ALMA de México ■ Avolar ■ Lineas Aéreas Azteca ■ Saro ■ TAESA [edit] Netherlands ■ V Bird [edit] New Zealand ■ Kiwi Airlines [edit] Norway ■ Color Air [edit] Poland ■ Centralwings [edit] Serbia

189 of 206 ■ Centavia [edit] Sweden ■ Flyme ■ FlyNordic [edit] Uruguay ■ U Air [edit] United Kingdom ■ Air Scotland ■ Debonair ■ Duo Airways [edit] United States ■ Air South ■ America West Airlines ■ ATA Airlines ■ Eastwind Airlines ■ Hooters Air ■ Independence Air ■ Kiwi International Air Lines ■ MetroJet ■ Midway Airlines ■ National Airlines ■ Paciﬁc Southwest Airlines

190 of 206 ■ Pan Am ■ Pearl Air ■ People Express ■ Safe Air ■ Skybus Airlines ■ SkyValue ■ Song ■ Southeast Airlines ■ Tower Air ■ United Shuttle ■ ValuJet ■ Vanguard Airlines ■ Western Paciﬁc Airlines

191 of 206 FLAG CARRIER From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about state-owned transportation companies. For other uses, see Flag carrier (disambiguation). "National airlines" redirects here. For a list of airline companies named National Airlines, see National Airlines (disambiguation). A flag carrier refers to a transportation company, such as an airline or shipping company, that is locally registered in a given country. They may be state-run, state-owned or state-designated companies or organisations with preferential rights or privileges accorded by the government. Flag carriers may be known as such due to maritime law requiring all aircraft or ships to display the state flag of the country of their registry.[1] A flag carrier (if it is an airline) may also be known as a national airline or a national carrier, although this can have different legal meanings in some countries. In the United States for example, a national carrier (or airline) must have an annual operating revenue between $100 million and $1 billion[citation needed]. Contents [hide] 1 1 Background 2 2 List of flag-carrying airlines 3 3 References 4 4 External links [edit] Background The term "flag carrier" is a legacy of the time when countries established state- owned airline companies. Governments then took the lead due to the high capital costs of establishing and running airlines. The heavily regulated aviation industry also meant aviation rights are often negotiated between governments, denying

192 of 206 airlines the right to an open market. These bilateral aviation agreements may specify rights awardable only to locally registered airlines, forcing some governments to jump-start airlines to avoid being disadvantaged in the face of foreign competition. Some countries also establish flag carriers for nationalist reasons, or to aid the country's economy, particularly in the area of tourism. In many cases, governments would directly assist in the growth of their flag carriers typically through subsidies and other fiscal incentives. The establishment of competitors in the form of other locally registered airlines may be prohibited, or heavily regulated to avoid direct competition. Even where privately-run airlines may be allowed to be established, the flag carriers may still be accorded priority, especially in the apportionment of aviation rights to local or international markets. In the United States, for example, funding for international travel is restricted to "US flag air carriers" under the Fly America Act.[2] In recent decades, however, many of these airlines have since been corporatised as a public company or a state-owned enterprise, or completely privatised. The aviation industry has also been gradually deregulated, particularly in the United States and in the European Union. This has rendered the designation of "flag carriers" less important than it was in the past. The legacy of flag carriers can still be seen by the restrictions in international air travel through bilateral in 1945 (Bermuda I) but revised in 1977 (Bermuda II) to redress the balance of air service advantage by limiting the number of airlines which could operate on certain routes. The mass media may also routinely use the term to loosely refer to any dominant airline in a country, or in reference to legacy state carriers even long after their privatisation.[3] [edit] List of flag-carrying airlines This table may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (January 2008) The chart below lists airlines considered to be a "flag carrier", either by

193 of 206 designation as a national airlines either ofﬁcially or based on history and whether it is state-owned. Country Airline Designat State-owned ed Afghanistan Ariana Afghan Yes Majority Airlines Albania Albanian Airlines Yes Joint-Venture Algeria Air Algérie Yes Majority (By opening its capital) Angola TAAG Angola Yes Full Airlines Åland Islands Air Åland Argentina Aerolíneas Yes Full Argentinas Armenia Armavia Yes No Australia Qantas Yes No Austria Austrian Airlines Yes Minority (42.75%) Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Airlines Yes Full Bahamas Bahamasair Yes Full Bahrain Gulf Air Yes Full Bangladesh Biman Bangladesh Yes Full Airlines Barbados LIAT No No Belarus Belavia Yes Full Belgium Brussels Airlines Yes No Belize Maya Island Air No No Benin Benin Golf Air Yes No Bhutan Drukair Yes Full

194 of 206 Bolivia Lloyd Aereo Yes Minority (48%) Boliviano Bosnia and B&H Airlines Yes Majority (51%) Herzegovina Botswana Air Botswana Yes Full Brazil TAM Airlines Yes No Brunei Royal Brunei Yes Full Airlines Bulgaria Bulgaria Air Yes No Hemus Air Yes No Burkina Faso Air Burkina Yes Majority Burundi Air Burundi Yes Full Cambodia Royal Khmer Yes Full Airlines Cameroon Cameroon Airlines Yes Canada Air Canada Yes No (privatised in 1988) Cape Verde TACV Cabo Verde Yes Full Airlines Cayman Cayman Airways Yes Islands Chad Toumaï Air Tchad Chile LAN Airlines No China Air China Yes Majority Colombia Avianca Yes No Comoros Air Comores International Republic of Trans Air Congo the Congo

195 of 206 Democratic Hewa Bora Republic of the Airways Congo Costa Rica Lacsa Côte d'Ivoire Air Ivoire Croatia Croatia Airlines Yes Majority Cuba Cubana de Yes Full Aviación Cyprus Cyprus Airways Yes Majority Northern Cyprus Turkish Cyprus Airlines Czech Republic Czech Airlines Yes Full Denmark Scandinavian Yes Joint-Venture Airlines System Djibouti Air Djibouti Dominican Air Dominicana Yes Minority (33%) Republic Ecuador TAME Egypt EgyptAir Yes Full El Salvador TACA Equatorial Ecuato Guineana Guinea Eritrea Eritrean Airlines Yes Full Estonia Estonian Air Yes Minority Ethiopia Ethiopian Airlines Yes Full Faroe Islands Atlantic Airways Fiji Air Paciﬁc Finland Finnair Yes Majority

196 of 206 France Air France No Minority French Air Guyane Yes Guiana French Air Tahiti Nui Yes Polynesia Gabon Gabon Airlines Gambia Gambia Yes International Airlines Georgia Georgian Airways Yes Guernsey Aurigny Air Yes Full Services Germany Lufthansa Yes No Ghana Ghana Yes International Airlines Greece Olympic Airlines Yes Majority Greenland Air Greenland Yes Guadeloupe Air Caraïbes Guam Continental Micronesia Guatemala Aviateca / Tikal Jets Airlines Guinea Air Guinee Yes Express Guyana Caribbean Airlines No Haiti Tortug' Air Honduras TACA Hong Kong Cathay Paciﬁc No No

197 of 206 Hungary Malév Yes No Iceland Icelandair Yes No Indonesia Garuda Indonesia Yes Full India Air India Yes Full Indian Yes Full Iran Iran Air Yes Full Iraq Iraqi Airways Yes Full Ireland Aer Lingus Yes Minority (28%) Israel El Al Yes Minority (30%) Italy Alitalia Yes Minority (49%) Jamaica Air Jamaica Yes Japan Japan Airlines Yes No Jordan Royal Jordanian Yes Airlines Kazakhstan Air Astana Yes Kenya Kenya Airways Yes Kiribati Air Kiribati Yes North Korea Air Koryo Yes Full South Korea Korean Air Yes No Asiana Airlines No No Kuwait Kuwait Airways Yes Full Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Airlines Yes Majority Laos Lao Airlines Yes Full Latvia Air Baltic Yes Majority Lebanon Middle East Full Airlines Liberia Air Liberia Yes

198 of 206 Libya Libyan Arab Yes Airlines Lithuania Luxembourg Luxair Yes Minority Macau Air Macau Yes No Macedonia MAT Macedonian Yes No Airlines Madagascar Air Madagascar Yes Majority Malawi Air Malawi Yes Full Malaysia Malaysia Airlines Yes Minority Maldives Maldivian Yes Full Mali Air Mali Yes No International Malta Air Malta Yes Majority Marshall Air Marshall Yes Full Islands Islands Martinique Air Caraïbes Yes No Mauritania Mauritania Airways Minority Mauritius Air Mauritius Yes Minority Mexico Aeromexico Mexicana Yes Federated Continental States of Micronesia Micronesia Moldova Air Moldova Yes Mongolia MIAT Mongolian Yes Airlines

199 of 206 Montenegro Montenegro Yes Airlines Montserrat Air Montserrat Morocco Royal Air Maroc Yes Mozambique Linhas Aéreas de Yes Moçambique Myanmar Myanma Airways Yes Yes Namibia Air Namibia Yes Nauru Air Nauru Yes Nepal Nepal Airlines Yes Netherlands KLM Yes No Netherlands Dutch Antilles Antilles Express New Aircalin Caledonia New Zealand Air New Zealand Yes Majority Nicaragua NICA Yes Nigeria Virgin Nigeria Yes No Airways Norway Scandinavian Yes Minority[4] Airlines System Oman Oman Air Yes Majority (82.4%) Pakistan Pakistan Yes Majority (87%) International Airlines (PIA) Palestinian Palestinian Airlines Full Authority Panama Copa Airlines Yes No

200 of 206 Papua New Air Niugini Guinea Paraguay Regional Yes No Paraguaya Peru Air Perú Philippines Philippine Airlines Yes Joint-Venture Poland LOT Polish Airlines Yes Majority (67.97%)[5] Portugal TAP Portugal Yes Full [6] Qatar Qatar Airways Yes Republic of China Airlines[7] No Majority (54%) China Réunion Air Austral Romania TAROM Yes Majority (95%) Russia Rossiya Yes Full Aeroﬂot Yes 51.17% Rwanda Rwandair Express Yes Samoa Polynesian Blue São Tomé and Air São Tomé and Príncipe Príncipe Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian Yes Full Airlines Senegal Air Sénégal Yes International Serbia Jat Airways Yes Full[8] Seychelles Air Seychelles Yes Sierra Leone Sierra National Yes Airlines Singapore Singapore Airlines Yes Majority (54%)

201 of 206 Slovakia Air Slovakia Slovenia Adria Airways Solomon Solomon Airlines Yes Islands Somalia Somali Airlines Yes South Africa South African Yes Airways Spain Iberia Yes Minority (5%)[9] Sri Lanka SriLankan Airlines Yes Sudan Sudan Airways Yes Suriname Surinam Airways Yes Sweden Scandinavian Yes[4] Joint-Venture[4] Airlines System Swaziland Royal Swazi National Airways Switzerland Swiss International Yes No Air Lines Syria Syrian Arab Yes Full Airlines Tajikistan Tajik Air Yes Tanzania Air Tanzania Yes Thailand Thai Airways Yes Majority (53%) International Togo Air Togo Yes Tonga Trinidad and Caribbean Airlines Yes Full Tobago Tunisia Tunisair Yes

202 of 206 Turkey Turkish Airlines Yes Majority Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Yes Airlines Turks and Air Turks and Yes Caicos Islands Caicos Uganda Air Uganda Yes Ukraine Ukraine Yes Majority International Airlines United Arab Etihad Airways Yes Yes[10] Emirates Emirates Yes Yes[11] United Kingdom British Airways Yes No (Privatized in 1987) Uruguay PLUNA Yes Minority (25%) Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Yes Majority Airways Vanuatu Air Vanuatu Yes Venezuela Conviasa Yes Full Vietnam Vietnam Airlines Yes Full Yemen Yemenia Yes Zambia Zambian Airways Yes Zimbabwe Air Zimbabwe Yes [edit] References 1. ^ flag carrier definition 2. ^ Guidelines for International Travel Paid for by the Government. Wright State University. 3. ^ Fight and flight instinct of national carrier - Times Online 4. ^ a b c SAS is partly owned by the governments of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and is the flag carrier for all three nations. 5. ^ "LOT Corporate Information". PLL LOT. 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.

203 of 206 6. ^ http://www.flytap.com/World/en/Company/TAPGroup/ 7. ^ China Airlines used to fly the flag of the Republic of China until 1995. 8. ^ Jat Airways is currently in process of privatisation. Aeroflot is the most likely company to get a share in ownership. 9. ^ Participaciones significativas - Iberia 10. ^ UAE: Etihad Airways is owned by the government of Abu Dhabi, a constituent emirate of the UAE. 11. ^ UAE: Emirates Airline is owned by the government of Dubai, a constituent emirate of the UAE. [edit] External links ■ International Air Transport Association Organisation formerly responsible for managing air services agreements and international fares.

204 of 206 AIRLINE BANKRUPTCIES From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Timeline of airline bankruptcies) Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (March 2009) This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. WikiProject Aviation or the Aviation Portal may be able to help recruit one. (March 2009) This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. WikiProject Economics or the Economics Portal may be able to help recruit one. (March 2009) A number of major airlines have declared bankruptcy and have either ceased operations, or reorganized under bankruptcy protection. Airlines, like any business, are susceptible to market fluctuations and economic difficulties. The economic structure of the airline industry may contribute to airline bankruptcies as well. Contents [hide] 1 1 Timeline 1 1.1 U.S. airlines bankruptcy filings 1 1.1.1 Chapter 7 2 1.1.2 Chapter 11 2 2 References [edit] Timeline This is a timeline of airlines who have filed for bankruptcy protection. Also see list of defunct airlines for a list of airlines which are no longer operating.

205 of 206 [edit] U.S. airlines bankruptcy filings [edit] Chapter 7 This is a list of airlines that have filed for bankruptcy protection via Chapter 7 in the United States. ■ December 2, 1983 National Florida[1] [edit] Chapter 11 This is a list of airlines that have filed for bankruptcy protection via Chapter 11 in the United States. ■ May 18, 1979 New York Airways[1] ■ November 19, 1979 Aeroamerica[1] ■ Januaray 24, 1980 Florida Airlines[1] ■ March 3, 1980 Indiana Airlines[1] ■ December 15, 1980 Air Bahia[1] ■ December 31, 1980 Tejas Airlines[1] ■ March 6, 1981 Mountain West[1] ■ March 16, 1981 LANICA[1] ■ July 13, 1981 Coral Air[1] ■ September 11, 1981 Pacific Coast[1] ■ September 18, 1981 Swift Air Line[1] ■ October 9, 1981 Golden Gate (Airline)[1] ■ January 26, 1982 Pinehurst Airlines[1] ■ March 3, 1982 Silver State Airlines[1] ■ March 26, 1982 Air Pennsylvania[1] ■ April 2, 1982 Air South[1] ■ April 16, 1982 Cochise Airlines[1] ■ May 13, 1982 Braniff International[1]

206 of 206 ■ July 8, 1982 Astec Air East[1] ■ August 19, 1982 Will's Air[1] ■ October 15, 1982 Aero Sun International[1] ■ October 19, 1982 Aero Virgin Islands[1] ■ November 9, 1982 Altair[1] ■ October 1989 - Partnair ■ August 11, 2002 - US Airways files; emerges on 31 March 2003 ■ December 9, 2002 - United Airlines files; emerges on 1 February 2006 ■ April 1, 2003 - Air Canada files; emerges 30 September 2004 ■ March 2004 - Flash Airlines ■ September 12, 2004 - US Airways re-files; emerges on 27 September 2005 in conjunction with its acquisition by America West ■ December 30, 2004 - Aloha Airlines files; emerges on 17 February 2006 ■ September 14, 2005 - Northwest Airlines files; emerges on 31 May 2007 ■ September 14, 2005 - Delta Air Lines files, putting 4 of the top 7 carriers in the United States under bankruptcy protection; emerges on 30 April 2007 ■ Dec 26, 2007 - Maxjet Airways files ■ March 31, 2008 - Aloha Airlines files and discontinues passenger transporting operations ■ April 3, 2008 - ATA Airlines files and discontinues operations ■ April 5, 2008 - Skybus Airlines files and discontinues operations ■ April 10, 2008 - Frontier Airlines files ■ April 26, 2008 - Eos Airlines files and discontinues operations ■ October 6, 2008 - Sun Country Airlines files [edit]

Airline Stuff

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