Non-Timber Forest Products: contribution to national economy and sustainable use in the Congo Basin

Non‐Timber Forest Products:contribution to national economy and sustainable use in the Congo Basin Robert Nasi JRC‐CIFOR Side Event CBD COP11, Hyderabad, India, 10/10/2012

Forests are more than timber

Cameroon Forest Good or Gabon General Cameroon (communityService (in discounted (National Park) (Pearce & (Lescuyer forests) US$/ha or in (Lescuyer Pearce 2001) 2007) (Akoa Akoa, US$/ha/yr) 2006) 2007)Timber 200 ‐ 4,400 560 98 25‐78 NotFuelwood 40 61 165 assessedNTFPs 0 ‐ 100 41 ‐ 70 3 172Genetic resources 0 ‐ 3,000 7 1< Not assessedRecreation 2 ‐ 470 19 4 34Watershed 15 ‐ 850 54 ‐ 270 0 998benefitsClimate benefits 360 ‐ 2,200 842 ‐ 2,265 211 632 NotOption values 2 ‐12 3 Not assessed assessedNon‐use values 4,400 19 ‐ 32 24 Not assessed

What is the importanceof non‐timber forestproducts for thelivelihoods of the CongoBasin people and for theenvironment?Is the level of usesustainable?Can we manage?

Non-wood forest products•Chap.7: Non‐timber forest products:contribution to national economy andstrategies for sustainable management(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/docs/edf2010/EN/SOF_2010_EN_Chap_7.pdf

CountriesPriority NTFPS (trade Regional &/or consumption) priority Eq Guinea Congo DRC Cameroon CAR Gabon √ √ √ √ √ √Bushmeat - - √ √ √ √Fuelwood 6 countries √ √ √ √ √ √Cola acuminata & C. Nítida √ √ √ √ √Gnetum spp √ √ √ √ √Rattans √ √ √ √ √Darcyodes edulisElaeis guineensis 5 countries √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √Raphia spp. √ √ √ √ √Snails, larvae & insects √ √ √ √Piper guineensis √ √ √ √Aframomum spp. 4 countries √ √ √ √Irvingia spp. √ √ √Prunus africana √ √ √Marantaceae √ √ √Rauwolfia vomitoria √ √ √Baillonella toxisperma 3 countries √ √ √Coula edulis √ √ √Mushrooms √ √ √Honey √ √ √ √Garcinia kola √ √Ricinodendron heudelotii √ √Garcinia lucida 2 countries √ √Dioscorea liebrechtsiana √ √ √Alstonia boonei

Wood energy: fuelwood and charcoal• Chap.5: Contribution of woodfuel to meet theenergy needs of the population of CentralAfrica: prospects for sustainable management ofavailable resources(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/docs/edf2010/EN/SOF_2010_EN_Chap_5.pdf)

Fuel wood and charcoal represent 90% of all wood removal from forests in Africa (FAO, 2011) Wood for energy traded in Kinshasa and Kisangani vs. official timber production Schure et al. 2011

Bushmeat• Chap. 6: The role of wildlife for food security inCentral Africa: a threat to biodiversity?(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/docs/edf2010/EN/SOF_2010_EN_Chap_6.pdf)

Bushmeat hunting in Congo Basin• The estimated value of bushmeat trade ranges from US$42 to US$205 million per year in West‐Central Africa.• 30 to 80% of the protein intake of many rural populations with few existing alternatives (Nasi et al., 2011) THINKING beyond the canopy

Bushmeat Consumption Population (x1000) Dense (tonne/meat/yr) Extracted Basin Forest (t/yr) (km2) Rural Urban Rural UrbanAmazon 3,938,000 14,425 24,352 909,000 small 1,299,000Congo 1,612,000 57,046 41,199 2,909,000 289,000 4,569,000If bushmeat consumption in the Congo Basin was to be replaced by locallyproduced beef, an area as large as 25 million hectares might have to beconverted to pastures. Nasi, Van Vliet, Taber 2011

Common management issues

Factors affecting sustainability• Nature of the resource• Informal nature of the value chains• Lack of knowledge and recognition of the sector• Inappropriate policies and governance• Demography, poverty and hunger• Increased commercialization• Logging and other resource extraction activities• Fragmentation and land‐use changes• Agricultural sector expansion

Barriers and solutions Main Barriers Specific solutions Sensitization at the level of elitesBad governance, influence of Strengthen local governance elites and corruption Strengthen law enforcement capacity Create incentives to encourage the private Lack of motivation from sector to engage in taking NTFP into account small or economicallyunstable logging companies Strengthen technical capacities at the level of national services and the private sector Unclear definition of Clarify and formalize roles and responsabilities among responsabilities stakeholders ( modified from TRAFFIC workshop, Libreville, June 2010)

Barriers and solutions Main barriers Specific solutions Allocation of a specific budget for wildlife isssues Additional costs are Logging revenues (taxes etc.) should also beincurred to consider NTFP in allocated to support management efforts management Partnerships among stakeholders are crucial External funding is needed High demand of bushmeat Sensitization of urban consumers from external urban areasand little control/knowledge Better knowledge of the market chain about the market chain Lack of largely validated Develop research and coordinate the scientific methods and validation of monitoring methods protocols to monitor NTFP

Gender issues• NTFP play a disproportionately important role in the livelihoods and well‐being of women (and children)• The collection of fuelwood or other wild products is often a task for women and children• Women play an important role in the different value chains of these products and derive crucial income from the sales• Women generally invest back their income into household food and wellbeing; men more into non essential goods

Les forêts du bassin du Congo ‐ Etat des Forêts 2010. The Forests of the Congo Basin – State of the Forests 2010. (http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/index.php)  Eds : de Wasseige C., de Marcken P., Bayol N., Hiol Hiol F., Mayaux Ph., Desclée B., Nasi R., Billand A., Defourny P et Eba’a R.Pictures: CIFOR, R. Nasi, N. Van Vliet, J. Okouyi Okouyi, C. Doumenge, D. Wilkie, E.Mvula, J.M. Kahindo, T. Kilensele

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Non-Timber Forest Products: contribution to national economy and sustainable use in the Congo Basin

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Non-Timber Forest Products: contribution to national economy and sustainable use in the Congo Basin Presentation Transcript