CGIAR Research Program 6 - An overview

Forests, Trees and Agroforestry -An overview

CGIAR strategic objectives
Create and accelerate sustainable increases in the productivity and production of healthy food by and for the poor
Conserve, enhance and sustainably use natural resources and biodiversity to improve the livelihoods of the poor in response to climate change and other factors
Promote policy and institutional change that will stimulate agricultural growth and equity to benefit the poor, especially rural women and other disadvantaged groups

Why are forests important?
90% of the 1.4 billion people living in extreme poverty depend on forest resources for some part of their livelihoods
Forest-based activities in developing countries provide about 30 million informal jobs, and as much as 80% of formal sector jobs in Congo Basin
Forests conservatively provide US$250 billion in various types of income
Forests contain 80% of the Earth’s terrestrial biodiversity
In Africa, more than 90% of wood removals from forest/woodland are for fuel
Deforestation and land use change contribute 12–18% of the world’s total annual carbon emissions
Bush meat accounts for around 80% of the protein in take of people living in Central African forests

The forests/trees/agroforestry piece

Consultative development process
7 February: Full draft proposal re-
submitted to Consortium Board
25 January: 18 partners provide comments
19 January 2011: Revised draft sent to 100+ partners
24 December: Consortium Board + 4 independent reviewers
provide comment on full draft
6 September: Full draft submitted to Consortium Board
27 August: 34 partners provide comments
14 July: Full draft proposal sent to 171 partners
5 July: 73 respondents agree to provide comment on full draft proposal
27 May 2010: 20 page concept note sent to 328 partners

Components
Smallholder production systems and markets
Management and conservation of forest and tree resources
Environmental services and landscape management
Climate change adaptation and mitigation
Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people

Conceptual framework

1
Smallholder production systems and markets
Component
Research
themes
Enhancing management and production systems for smallholders (food security and nutrition)
Increasing income generation and market integration for smallholders
Improving policy and institutions to enhance social assets to secure rights in forest- and tree-dependent communities

Example of Component 1 outcome
ICRAF collaboration with Unilever, SNV, and IUCN on improving propagation, survival, and growth rates supported smallholders to plant 100,000 improved Allanblackia seedlings.

Example of Component 1 research
CIFOR’s Poverty and Environment Network study of forest-based contributions to incomes in more than 8,000 households
40 study sites in 25 developing countries
Income and other socio-economic and environmental data, collected on a quarterly basis over a 12-month period
Majority of research carried out by 38 partners (mainly PhD students) from Asia, Africa & Latin America

2
Management and conservation of forest and tree resources
Component
Research
themes
Understanding threats to important tree species and formulating genetic conservation strategies
Conserving and characterizing high-quality germplasm of important tree crops and their wild relatives
Developing improved silvicultural, monitoring and management practices for multiple use
Developing tools and methods to resolve conflicts over distribution of benefits and resource rights

CIFOR assistance to the Forestry Stewardship Council’s efforts to refine FSC standards for small-scale operations with prospective application in Brazil, Cameroon, and Mexico

CIFOR research on barriers to integration of timber and Brazil nut production in the Western Amazon

3
Environmental services and landscape management
Component
Research
themes
Understanding drivers of forest transition
Understanding the consequences of forest transition for environmental services and livelihoods
Learning landscapes: dynamics of multi-functionality

Action research undertaken by CIFOR and ICRAF on co-management of forests between local communities and government in Guinea led to a decrease in the incidence of fire, improved wildlife habitat, and increases in local incomes.

CIFOR analysis of tenure constraints to PES-based approaches to forest conservation in Brazil
Competitiveness of REDD supply
Bottleneck: Land tenure chaos
Legend
Unknown tenure 53%
Indigenous lands 9%
Agricultural settlements 10%
PA for sustainable use 9%
Community lands <1%
Registered properties 1%
Cities
Roads
State limits
Water
Sources: IBAMA, INCRA 2007, Soares-Filho et al. 2006

4
Climate change adaptation and mitigation
Component
Research
themes
Harnessing forests, trees and agroforestry for climate change mitigation
Enhancing climate change adaptation
Understanding synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation

Links between CRP6 and CRP 7
Theme 1
Theme 2
Theme 3
Theme 3
Theme 1 and 2
Theme 4
Mitigation
Adaptation
Mitigation-adaptation synergies
Pro-poor
CC mitigation
Adaptation to progressive CC and through managing climate risk
Integration for decision making
CRP6, Component 4
CRP 7
Lessons from mitigation & forest: application to agriculture
Agriculture as a driver of deforestation
Landscape approach to mitigation, including MRV, inst. arrangements, etc
Integrated approach to adaptation and mitigation in landscapes and policies
Data, approaches, tools and methods for adaptation
Landscape and multi sectoral approach to adaptation

Joint CIFOR-CATIE research on tropical forests and climate change adaptation in Honduras influenced the design of one of the first projects ever approved by the UNFCCC’s Adaptation Fund Board

Learning from REDD: A global comparative analysis

5
Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people
Component
Research
themes
Understanding the processes and impacts of forest-related trade and investment
Enhancing responses and policy options to mitigate the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts of trade and investment

CIFOR’s research on Indonesia’s pulp and paper industry helped avert the loss of 135,000 hectares of natural tropical rainforest, valued at US$ 133 million in carbon emissions.

Examples of Component 5 research

Cross-cutting themes
Tenure
Common methods across components
Capacity-building
Assessing gaps relevant to research, policy and practice
Knowledge sharing and communications
Developing learning communities

Approach:
Gender disaggregated data collection and analysis
Gender appropriate research methods
Partnerships with key organizations to build capacity & share knowledge
Example of research:
CIFOR study on barriers to women’s participation in forest decision-making and benefit-sharing in Nicaragua and Uganda
Cross cutting themes: Gender

Sentinel Landscapes
Follows key recommendation from the 2009 Stripe social science review commissioned by the CGIAR Science Council
Builds on the CGIAR’s comparative advantage to conduct long-term, comparative research
Generates data about the drivers and impacts of land use change, as well as approaches to threats and benefits for environmental resilience and the poor
Integrates research and impact pathways to exploit potential synergies across all CRP6 components

International, national and local partnerships

Communications and knowledge sharing

Knowledge sharing highlights

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CGIAR Research Program 6 - An overview

by CIFOR on Jul 07, 2011

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