Reaching End-Users: Facts for helping CIAT move forward on strategic program development

REACHING END-USERS Facts for helping CIAT move forward on strategic program development Louise Sperling and Mark Lundy with inputs from: Andy Farrow Bernard Vanlauwe Enid Katungi Reinhardt Howeler Jean Claude Rubyogo Helena Pachon Andy Jarvis Michael Peters Rod Lefroy

CGIAR VISION Ren Wang, CG Director SCIENCE FOR IMPACT

CGIAR VISION: Ren Wang, Director funding allocations Current Near Future (New CG) CG: 9 CG: 1 Part. 1 Partners: 9

‘Delivery’

MEGAPROGRAMS http://sites.google.com/a/cgxchange.org/alliance/mega-program-team-reports

REU program at CIAT: WHY? Reaching Endusers is a CORE VALUE at CIAT 1. Advance Research • for reaching client groups– on the ground • for policy change (toward) client groups) 2. Shape R+ D (affect implementation) 3. Serve as a framework for Funding CIAT Working Group: REU- Dec 2008

REU RESEARCH Advances Example 1: Beans: moving of varieties- Africa Example 2: Agro-enterprise: linking farmers to markets

Moving of bean varieties : Africa Problem: varieties not getting out fast enough or widely enough

Conventional Model Bean NARS led centralized seed systems A few released popular On farm variety testing varieties Parastatal seed producers/ Farmer research groups/individual farmers suppliers GO/NGOs (for development projects + as seed relief) Farmers Farmers Traders

Use of certified seed in percent area sown in a selection of African countries (DANAGRO 1988, CIAT 2002, 2004, SSN 2005) Maize Sorghum Wheat Rice Common Bean Angola 15 0 50 0 0 Lesotho 75 5 38 4 - Malawi 10 5 19 4 0 Mozambique 10 5 13 - - Rwanda - - - - 1 Tanzania 14 9 15 0 0 Zambia 75 0 97 <1 <1 Zimbabwe 83 25 97 <1 <1

Research Dynamism. vs. Seed Supply Country # var. # var.supplied by formal Seed coverage released seed channels by formal seed (96-04) supply (%) DRC 18 4 <2 Ethiopia 23 3 0.8 Rwanda 20 5 2 Uganda 11 2 5

Figure Modified from R. Kirkby (CIAT) 2003 Seed company Traders promotion training / Local R/D service provider training local seed sales access to technology Research Farmer enterprises free evaluation station Re-Conceptualization of seed production and supply chain •More partners (100s) •Clear complementary divisions of labor • New platform building (Rubyogo et al, forthcoming)

Research on Seed quality- what product was safe- met user needs? 16 14 12 seed infec tion (% ) 10 8 6 4 2 Trained farmers Non-trained Local market KARI group Otysula et al., 2004

STRONG RESEARCH ON MARKETING • Small packs – 75g (‘cup of tea’) – 200g – 400g • Multiple varieties • In venues farmers’ frequent • With Information-from trusted source

RETHINKING IMPACT PATHS 20 . Millions of Farmers 10 Wider Impact Conventional 2 6 10 14 Years

No. of partners in bean seed multiplication and delivery: PABRA/ECARBEN/SABRN #3 CIAT/partners have recognized track record in REU Households reached 2003-2007 Ethiopia 992,755 Malawi 793,430 S. Tanzania 807,160 Uganda 3,584,590 Zambia 1,001,400 Zimbabwe 819,300 _____________ __________ Total 7,998,635 Rubyogo et al, 2009

NEW PUBLIC –PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERSHIP • 28,000 packs sold (Sept 09- Jan 09) LELDET LTD CROPS SOLD at Ol Kalou Field Day on 18th March 2009 80 70 WEIGHT(kgs) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 maize beans cow pigeon sorghum peas peas SEEDS

GENDER RESULTS Small packets sales Oct-Nov 08 N= 5404 customers male 10 Ksh ( $ 0.12) 42% female 58% Most popular size

SUMMARY: REU Research Beans  Tested Partnership reorganization  Tested Market innovation (GATES/AGRA)  Developed production and model- for use in 24 countries- across crops  Opened up lucrative possibilities- private sector.  Developed a model which reaches even poor women  .... Reached… 8 million households (5 years)

Agro-enterprise REU challenge  Productivity is not enough to reduce poverty  Markets are also needed  Questions from NGOs – Methods and tools for market linkages? – Training & backstopping on tool usage?  Questions from CIAT – How to move from training to co-learning? – How to achieve impact at scale?

Some participants in Central America

Organizing principles  Clear and shared objectives.  Shared responsibilities, costs and benefits.  Outputs as inputs for innovation.  Differentiated but linked learning mechanisms.  Long-term, trust-based relationships.

Learning cycles Development of key questions (what do we want to learn?) Document external Document field experience knowledge (literature) (local, national) Existing ‘good practice’ (what is already known?) How can we use/improve ‘good practice’ Empirical evidence (prototype 1.0 - toolkits of for theory approaches, methods, tools and policies) development Capacity development Contributions Policy implications / to large- briefs scale, systemic Field application Field application Field application change (context A) (context B) (context C) Shared documentation, analysis, reflection and Improved practice learning around the selected topic (prototype 2.0)

Reach and Influence in Central America (2003-2007) Innovation system Direct learning Indirect learning Partner for rural enterprise alliance partners alliance partners beneficiaries development in (25 organizations) (~116 organizations) (~35,786 families) Central America

Results Central America  Farm level gains  Increased income, better NRM and gender equity  Income gains from using alliance tools of 10m US reported (Swisscontact Honduras)  Estimated regional income impact over 60m US (4 years)  Sustainable process  Regional facilitation unit spun off of CIAT  Currently funded by partner contributions  CIAT now focused on further strategic research for impact

Results Central America  More strategic and collaborative projects  ACORDAR Nicaragua (CRS) 28m US  PYMERural Nicaragua, Honduras (Swisscontact) 12m US  Sustainable trading relationships Honduras, Guatemala (Oxfam) 10m US

Reach and influence globally S. Asia: India, Afghanistan S.E. Asia: Philippines, Vietnam, Timor- Leste, Cambodia West Africa: Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Gambia, DR Congo, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Benin Andes: Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia Peru East Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Madagascar, Uganda, Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi and Eritrea Central America: Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007 2008

SUMMARY: Agro enterprise REU  Uptake of CIAT research outputs, business models  Major organizational changes in partners  More effective collaboration between development and research agencies  Sustainable platform for science for impact, not just for agro enterprise  And field level impacts in more 30+ countries

SUMMARY :Types of REU Impacts • New organizational models developed for science for impact • Policy Changes (public, NGO, donor and private) • Re-focus on ---Types of end users redefined • Scaling up processes refined (across countries, across regions,-- global changes) • (and yes. massive results on the ground: # people reached, $$$ income, distribution of benefits– toward poor, marginalized, women QUESTION: Is this just ‘DELIVERY”

Some Overview Tables REU at CIAT

SELECT REU IMPACTS Program Technology Where When REU target reached Cassava Improved varieties 11 countries (1994-2007) 2.8 million famers Asia and agronomic SE Asia ($ 916 million increased income /yr) practices (incl China) Forages Forage options in Laos, Viet 2002 - 2008 40,000 farmers Asia crop livestock Nam, South systems East Asia Forages Brachiaria accessions LAC, 2001 - 2008 100,000 to 150,000 ha (mainly including hybrids Thailand LAC) Forages Knowledge systems Global Launched 120,000 to 150,000 hits per year SoFT 2005 Seed Seed Aid Briefs Global 2006-present  60,0000 downloads Systems in stress Agro-enter Territorial approach Global 2002-2008 30 country programs of CRS trained LAC to rural enterprise in agro enterprise development; development (empowered)

REU- CIAT : Money currently involved Program Theme-Issue Where When Total Funds $ Funds/Year $ Beans (TLII) Drought-tolerant Bean Kenya and Ethiopia 2008-2010 1.4 million 460,000 seed systems Beans Seed Systems- strategy Malawi 2007-2010 400,000 100,000 Mozambique S. Tanzania Forages Several projects combine Nicaragua, 2007 -2011 500,000 200.000 with REU Colombia, Congo, Laos, Viet Nam Asia Farming systems- Agri-bus Cambodia, Vietnam, 2008-2012 1.5 million 375,000 Laos ISFM-TSBF CIALCA Central Africa 2007-2011 3.1 million 740,000 Agro –enter. New business models for Kenya, Ethiopia, 2008-2011 5.3 million 1,325,000 New Biz Model sustainable trading Ghana and Ivory relationships Coast Decision and Climate Change and Nicaragua 2009-2014 200,000 40,000 Policy Analysis Coffee in Central America Guatemala SSA-CP IAR4D Kivu area, (DRC) 2007-2010 750,000 250,000 PABRA- REU Cross programs Pan-Africa 2009-2011 1 million 250,000 thrust Nippon Found. Improved var + agronomic Laos, Cambodia, 2009-2013 2.3 million 450,000 Cassava practices Myanmar, Vietnam Total (partial) 16.5 million 4.2 million

Money leveraged Theme Where When Funds Funds Comments directly Leveraged available $US $US Rural Agro- Honduras 2002-2007 490,000 1.4 million > 50 million $US enterprise Guatemala brought in via new development El Salvador projects in Central Nicaragua America Livestock Laos 2008-2015 0 19.8 million CIAT designed the Development loan and grant (Tropical project Forages) Forages in Colombia 2006-2010 100,000 200, 000 Exponential uptake systems in Cauca and Valle

Pea and the elephant

‘Powerful Pea’ Shift from vet fix to forage solution across Mekong Delta Private companies, e,g Costco, pro-poor supply chains…. Cassava approach change towards FPR across 11 countries in Asia Biorfortification as Change UN routine trait in NARS guidelines- seed aid (e.g. Cuba + Panama)

REU funds (projects next 1-2 years) Program Theme-Issue Where When Funds requested $US Forages Forage network with CATIE Central America and the c. 2010 1 million INIA Caribbean Agro-enterprise, forages Dairy chain development Nicaragua, Colombia, c. 2010 2.5 million Costa Rica Beans Wider impact seed chains Uganda, DRC, Burundi 2009-10 750,000 (?) Decision and Policy Support Site specific agriculture SSA 2010-2015 c. 2 million (SSAFE) TSBF Biological nitrogen fixation- SSA 2010-2014 c. 6 million legumes Agro-enterprise Linking farmers to markets Laos 2009-2013 2.3 million AgroSalud Biofortified rice and beans Cuba 2010-2012 250,000 Nicaragua Coffee Under Pressure (CUP) Climate change adaptation + Central America and 2009-2013 200,000 pro-poor business models Building Sustainable Trading Pro-poor business models and 2009-2012 750,000 Relationships Designing inclusive + effective Pro-poor public sector supply Honduras, Nicaragua, 2009-2012 850,000 public sector supply chain policies chain support policies Colombia, Peru, Ecuador Building NGO and farmer capacity Farmer and NGO capacity ,,,,,, 2009-2011 300,000 to partner effectively with buyers development Total (partial) 16.9 million

Coordinate vs. Conflict RWANDA Bean Seed HP+ Supply Systems CIALCA PABRA

PROPOSED STEPS FOR MOVING FORWARD CIAT team: 1. Review what is our ‘reaching end-user mandate’ (what is ‘in’ what is ‘out’) 2. Synthesize some of the ‘startling’ High profile lessons (maybe edited volume) 3. Synthesize STRATEGIC VISION, STRATEGIC PATHS 4. Map: intra-center (+ partner) opportunities for impact, on-the ground synergies 5. Fund raise- specifically Strategic ‘REU’

CHECKLIST for REU Program Development Question No Yes 1. Does CIAT adhere to the goal of ‘Science for impact’ √ 2. Does CIAT currently engage in REU activity √ 3. Will CIAT intensify REU activity in the future √ √ 4. Does REU demand strategic work in areas of : • Organization al models • Client-oriented policy • Methods development • Shared agenda setting

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