Integrating CIAT
Research in Asia
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor … in Asia

• Reinhardt Howeler:
CIAT’s contribution to cassava production in Asia
• Overview of activities
 Cassava
 Forages and livestock systems
 Linking farmers to markets
 New areas
 Partnerships
 Issues
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Cassava
Production: 16% 54% 30%
Trade: 95%
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Cassava breeding for Asia
• Continued links between breeding /
pre-breeding and the
germplasm collection
in Cali with breeders
in Asia (especially
Thailand and China)
• Development of waxy
cassava for Thailand
with Thai breeders
and supported by the
Thai Tapioca Development Institute (TTDI)
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Cassava production systems
• 50% of the 3.8 million ha grown to cassava in Asia is
planted with CIAT-related varieties
• Much higher percentages in some countries:
Thailand (98), Cambodia (80), Vietnam (70), China (30), Burma (20),
Indonesia (19)
• Adoption of new
varieties and improved
agronomy has
increased average yields
by 50% and by even
more in some countries
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Cassava pest and diseases
Develop a response in terms of:
• Immediate quarantine measures
• Monitoring pests and diseases
• Confirm species
• Identify, rear, and
introduce biological
control agents
• Initiation of breeding
strategies
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Eco-Efficiency of production & processing
• Erosion control
• Site specific nutrient
recommendations
• ISFM
• Waste utilization &
management
• Processing
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Cassava for higher altitudes
• 750 sexual seeds from
crosses from LAC
highlands
• March 2009:
6 promising breeding lines
being evaluated at
1,300 masl
• Develop “elite
genotypes” for
testing with
farmers
• Impact of Climate
Change?
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Cassava for Biofuel
• IFAD ICRISAT-CIAT
– sweet sorghum
– jatropha
– cassava
(Cali / CLAYUCA / Asia)
• IFAD 4FGF
• Breeding/selection for
more efficient conversion
to ethanol
• Smallscale processing
• Smallholder production
systems & links to
processors
• Biogas and CDM
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Forage and Livestock
Systems
• Legumes for Pigs Project
- technology: ↑ growth and ↓ labour
- scaling-out:
Pig Systems Development Alliance
• Improved Ruminant Production
- focus: technologies & systems
- stakeholders:
• Grasses for Fish
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Legumes for Pigs Project Strategy
Reaching poor
Stylo for pigs households
• How does it work? • Government
• Can it be improved? extension service
• NGOs & projects
Research Development
• Understand the • Convince partners of the
production systems benefits so they are
Learning
• Understand the impact interested to scale out
of Stylo 184 (science)
alliance
• platform for sharing
• Support scaling out
• Improve feeding knowledge + training (knowledge, tools,
systems • linking people and seed)
• Identify other organizations • Build capacity
feeding options • Feedback to research
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Geographic Reach
Districts with direct
project activities
Government staff + CIAT
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Geographic Reach
Geographical reach
through Alliance partners
NGOs, Development Projects
&
Government staff + CIAT
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Number of households growing Stylo for pigs
Scaled out by (1) NGOs and other development partners
(2) directly by district extension services in project target villages
1400
1200
Number of farmers
1000
800 NGO
600 District extension
400
200
0
2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Households growing Stylo 184 as
supplementary feed for pigs, 2006-2008.
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Factors contributing to success
 An entry technology with significant benefits to farmers
– a powerful incentive for working together
 A common goal, commitment and like-minded professionals
 Improving livelihoods of poor smallholder farmers through more
efficient and sustainable agriculture and livestock production.
 Many shared additional common goals:
- providing significant benefits to women and ethnic minorities
- use of participatory approaches to work with local communities
 Respect for each others organisational values, skills, and
contributions
 Recognition of the benefits of joining in an alliance and working
together in reaching the goals of their own projects
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Challenges
• Different institutional cultures and procedures of
partner organisation such as
 Differences in remuneration
 Lack of access to operational funds
 Disincentives for sharing information
 Staff turnover
 Bureaucratic procedures
• Real and important constraints but
benefits of participation sufficient to
manage these challenges
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Ruminant Systems in Central Vietnam
Daklak Province
Vietnam
Ea Kar District
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Project focus
2000 – 2002 2003 – 2005 2007 – 2009
FSP LLSP FAP
Developing and integrating
forage technologies with
farmers
Improving cattle production
through forage-based
feeding systems
Improving household income
Moving from forages to impacts and building innovation
capacity for cattle development
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Project activities and outcomes
2000 – 2002 2003 – 2005 2007 – 2009
FSP LLSP FAP
 Evaluation of forage varieties
with individual farmers
 Developed appropriate forage
technologies for cattle
 Improving feeding systems with farmer groups
 Scaling out forage-based feeding systems
 Improved cattle productivity and income
 Continued improving feeding systems
Moving from simple issues and scaling out
 Changed cattle production system to
to systems issues
stall feeding, cross bred cattle, and
more market-oriented production
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Main stakeholders
2000 – 2002 2003 – 2005 2006 – 2008
FSP LLSP FAP
Researchers (CIAT, TNU, NIAH)
+ district extension office
+ key farmers in 4 villages
All Stakeholders from first stage
+ district government + commune government
+ farmer groups + commune extension workers
+ district farmer and women’s union
Moving from simple All stakeholders from second stage
research partnerships to + additional communes and farmer groups
+ cattle traders + agricultural banks
complex R&D multi-
+ other district departments (e.g. policy,
stakeholder relationships planning)
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Adoption of Forages
3000
2500
2000
Number of households
1500
1000
500
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Years
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Changes in cattle population and cattle sales
35,000
30,000
25,000
Cattle population
20,000
15,000
• Cattle population in the
10,000
District doubled from
5,000 2003 to 2005
0 • Mean increase for the
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Province only 7%
Year • Cattle pop. stable from ‘05
Number of animals sold:
8000 in 2005
15,000 in 2008
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Stakeholder linkages 2002
CIAT & District
NIAH extension
office
TNU Key
farmers
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Stakeholder linkages 2005
TNU District
(+CIAT, government
NIAH)
District
extension District farmer
office & women’s
union
Farmer
groups
Commune Commune
extension government
workers
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Stakeholder linkages 2008
TNU District
(+CIAT, NIAH) government
District farmer &
women’s union
District extension
office
Other district
departments
Traders
Farmer groups
Banks
Commune extension Commune
workers government
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Linking Farmers to Markets
• Smallscale Agroenterprise Development in the Uplands
(SADU):
 Vietnam
 Laos
• Food, Feed, Fibre, and Fuel for a Greener Future
(4FGF):
 Linking smallholders to agribusiness / processing
 Benefits to processors: feedstock supply and waste
management
 Benefits to smallholders through market engagement
• Inputs to all other projects/programs:
Forages, Cassava
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

SADU Vietnam
Research • 98 99 00 01 02
95 96 97 Development: 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Develop impact-oriented, pro-poor
Delivery / Development
value chain pilots
“Proof of concept” “Proof of delivery” “Delivery”
Research
• Research:
Assess processes, outcomes,
Extension
impacts and lessons
•
New ResearchDevelopment:
Mainstream approaches, tools and
lessons
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

SADU Vietnam
• Development:
Develop impact-oriented, pro-poor
value chain pilots
• Research:
Assess processes, outcomes,
impacts and lessons
• Development:
Mainstream approaches, tools and
lessons
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

SADU Vietnam
Development of value chain pilots:
Cassava
Cattle
Potato
Persimmon
Chayote
Banana
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

SADU Vietnam
Value Chain Interventions:
 Market linkage development
 Transition to more commercial and competitive
production systems
 Collective action for market access
 Development of commercial support services and
input distribution chains
 Improvements in the design and implementation of
contract farming schemes
 Market-oriented diversification
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

SADU Vietnam
• Documentation of
approaches, processes,
and lessons
• Sharing of lessons
• Development of manuals
• Training, mentoring, and
advisory services
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

SADU Vietnam
Emerging results:
 More resilient, competitive, and sustainable smallholder
production and marketing systems
 Direct income benefits to resource-poor and ethnic
minority farming households
 Marketing extension curriculum developed for:
- National Agricultural and Forestry Extension Centre
- College for Managers of Agriculture and Rural Development
- Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry
 Lessons:
- Entry points for intervention
- Working with agribusiness for pro-poor innovation
- Strategic use of subsidies for scalability and sustainability
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

SADU
Laos
Value chains
• current key markets:
livestock - pigs, cattle and buffalo;
non-timber forest products – passion-fruit, porsaa (paper mulberry).
• re-entering maize; looking to other key strategic, pro-poor value chains…
• exiting some locally focussed chains: poultry, goats, chilli, bananas…
Key achievements
• adaptation and publication of CIAT Agro-Enterprise
Development field facilitators guide (IPG)
• platform for scaling up, linkages, information and conflict resolution
• conditions for supporting development of service providers
• Learning Alliance with NGOs – provision of training and mentoring support
• Capacity building with national, provincial and district MAF staff
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Research areas
• Understanding impacts and equity for different groups within market chains
• Targeting impacts on key beneficiaries through market chain interventions
• Results measurement – additionality, displacement, multipliers
• Further tools to support the’ agro-enterprise development process’, and
capacity building
• Mechanisms for engagement with an opportunistic, short-term focussed
private sector in Laos
• National government policy support – enabling environments for trade
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Small-scale Agro-enterprise Development in the
Uplands of the Lao PDR (SADU)
New business models for
sustained trading
relationships
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Food, Feed, Fuel, and Fiber
for a Greener Future (“4FGF”)
• Linking farmers to higher-value agro-industrial markets
• Diversifying livelihoods, improving eco-efficiency of smallholder production systems
Cassava
Production
leaves roots
Rural
biogas Households,
manure Farmer Groups
Livestock Small-scale
Production Processing
processing “wastes” (wet starch)
manure
Potential markets for wet starch:
Forages & Food Crops • dry starch
• starch derivatives (maltose, etc)
• locally processed foods
• ethanol (biofuel)
• bioplastics
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

New Areas of activity / linkages
• Spatial Analysis - DAPA
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Spatial Analysis
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Climate Change study in the Lao PDR
• GTZ Lao-German Land Policy
Development Project
• For whole country &
focus on 4 Provinces
• 3 Scenarios
• 2020 and 2050
• Impacts on land use
• Assessment with villagers
- how have things changed
- what adaptations approp.
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Cassava current Cassava 2020
Suitability change
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Partnerships & Linkages
• CGIAR and AROs:
 Joint projects: ICRISAT & CIP
 Location in CIAT office:
• ILRI: EcoHealth approaches to Zoonotic Emerging
Infectious Diseases (EcoZEID)
• IWMI: currently – location of 2 Lao-based staff
soon – build extension
 Secondments: JIRCAS – hydrologist & economist
• Graduates / students:
 Fourth round of Zamorano graduates
 GMMF: 10 awards (Vn: 4, Kh: 2, My: 2, La: 1, Ch: 1)
 BOKU, German MScs
 UQ PhD
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Partnerships & Linkages (cont.)
China
• Agreements with CATAS, GSCRI, YAAS, and CAAS
• CIAT-CAAS Forum to progress collaboration with China/CAAS,
Beijing 17-21 August
Visit to partners/potential partners in CAAS institutions
 Introduction of CAAS and CIAT
 Beans - Crop Science Institute & YAAS
 Forages - Institute of Animal Sciences & CATAS
 Biotech - Biotechnology Research Institute & ?
 Rice - China National Rice Research Institute & YAAS
 Cassava – GSCRI-CATAS
India
• Cassava: pests and diseases & biofuel
• CTCRI, Private Sector, …
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Eco-Efficient Agriculture
• “Regions are the integrators”
• Comfortable as it is what we
are doing
• Provides a useful checklist for
activities – no great change
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Some Issues
Communications
• Documentation, website, …all pretty poor
Try to get an intern
• Interactions between project, programs, regions
Reaching End Users
• Part of the Strategic Plan and MTP or not?
• The “good” development partners
- Learning alliances, Partnerships, etc.
The “less good” development partners
- Buy in the technologies / consultants
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Some Issues
Visibility of the Regions
• Part of the Strategic Plan and MTP or not?
Reaction of donors
Programs “Lost in LAC” or just Lost
• DAPA
• Linking Farmers to Markets
• Cross-cutting projects/activities
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Thank you
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor