Buruchara - Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D): An Approach to Enhance Small-holder Farmers’ Livelihoods: Experiences from Lake Kivu Region

Buruchara, R., M. Tenywa, J.G.M., Majaliwa; W. Chiuri, J. Mugabo, S.O. Nyamwaro, A. Adewale CIALCA International Conference, Kigali, Rwanda , October 24 - 27, 2011 Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D): An Approach to Enhance Small-holder Farmers’ Livelihoods: Experiences from Lake Kivu Region

Outline
Introduction
The context
The approach of IAR4D
Lessons observed
Conclusion and way forward

SSA CP
Objective
To facilitate greater impact from agricultural research for development (AR4D) leading to improved rural livelihoods, increased food security and sustainable natural resource management
Testing, validating and scaling up integrated agricultural research for development (IAR4D) premised on innovation systems principles

BACKGROUND LAKE KIVU PILOT LEARNING SITE
Location :
Eastern DRC,
South-western Uganda
NW Rwanda
Bio-physical:
Rainfall: 900 – 2000 mm
Soils are of volcanic origin
Terrain is dominated by steep to very steep slope
Small scale agriculture is dominant land-use
Political conflict:

IAR4D is a multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary phased participatory action research approach which pools knowledge for catalyzing innovations to address Market-Technology-NRM-Policy challenges
Key Principles
Transformation of a linear process (without markets) of research-extension-farmer to an integrated one with markets, policies, private sector playing critical roles in agricultural R&D
Innovation Platform (IP) for diagnosing problems, exploring opportunities and investigating and validating solutions
Network collective, collaborative interaction among IP actors:
Research that addresses key constraints and opportunities agreed by IP actors in the context of entire value chain and research system that is multidisciplinary and participatory
Institutional and human capacity building for IAR4D actors to effectively participate in IP activities
Integrated Agricultural Research for Development

FOCUS AT INTERFACES
.
Simultaneous consideration of constraints & solutions
Biophysical
Productivity enhancement
Sustainable NRM
Socio-economic
Market & Product development
Enabling Policy & Institutional arrangements

IAR4D Implementation framework Policy Formulation of byelaws Taking advantage of policy environment Policy analysis Dialogue initiation Conflicts resolution Watershed management Soil erosion control (Dem&exp) Water quality NRM Productivity Introd. of improved Varieties (maize, sorghum, beans Pest & Diseases ISFM options (Inorg & org fertiliser, bio-fertiliser) Certification Capacity building Post harvest handling Enterprise diversification Market Link to financial institutions: Markert Information Market organization Facilitation Research MECREGO, HUNTEX, BPR Value addition Mamera, Kasisksi Road

Initial Plan
Inception - 3 Projects (entry points)
Productivity
NRM
Market
Policy - Cutting across
Integration of 3 projects into one programme
Establishing partnerships

INSTITUTIONAL PARTNERSHIPS

Research questions:
Proof of concept

Innovation Platform A coalition, or partnership of public and private stakeholders in agriculture, including policy makers, technologies and co-ordination processes to interact to generate innovative solutions to challenges

Site selection process
Census of the sub-counties, secteurs and groupements
Definition of low and high market access
Modelling of market access
Identification of candidate sites
Develop diagnostic tool for site selection
Appraisal of candidate sites
Final selection of sites

Muvunyi-Shanga, Kituva Buzi, Kamuronja Remera, Gataraga Nyange, Gacaca Chahi, Bubare Nyakabande, Hamurwa Rugari, Jomba Kisigari, Rubare Mudende, Rwerere Bigogwe N, Bigogwe S Rubaya, Itojo Bufundi, Kayonza Selected Action and Counterfactual sites DRC Rwanda Uganda IAR4D C-factual IAR4D C-factual IAR4D C-factual Good market access Poor market access

Selected Action and Counterfactual sites

Process of IP formation

IPs & their commodity value chains
1. Chahi
2. Bufundi
3. Bubare
4. Ntungamo
5. Gataraga
6. Mudende
7. Remera
8. Rwerere
9. Buuma
10. Maendeleo
11. Musanganya
12. Muungano
Irish potatoes
Irish potatoes
Sorghum
Organic pineapples
Irish potatoes
Milk
Common & snap beans
Horticulture – Chillies
Cassava
Beans
Bananas
Irish potatoes

Task Force, IPs, and Value Chain

Identified Issues
Disorganized markets and marketing
Lack of clean seed/planting materials (potato, sorghum, pineapple, cassava, banana)
Low productivity, declining fertility and low utilization of fertilizers
Poor post harvest handling and limited value addition
Weak, unsupportive and lowly implemented policies
Low product base and Low profitability
Consumer acceptability of the available potato vis-à-vis farmer preferred cultivar.

IP constraint, interface issues and proposed action Country and IP Interface challenge Partners Innovations Outcomes Rwanda, Gataraga Irish Potato IP Market-Technology-Policy interface of low productivity price, poor harvest & postharvest handling procedures Farmers (famers groups), Private sector (niche markets, input dealers, microfinance, SACCO, traders), Policy makers (local authorities), Researchers (ISAR, ISAE, NUR, CIAT), extension workers (Imbaraga) Value addition (potato washing, sorting, grading, and packaging in woven sacks and bags made out of banana fibres; Rapid multiplication, and facilitating access to planting material of market preferred variety ( Kinigi ); Dehaulming before harvest; links to credit; favourable policy environment Improved potatoes quality, increased yield, shelf life, access to niche market and increased prices and income. Farmers receive RFrw20-30/kg above going market prices

Baseline Survey
FACILITATION
IP formation and functioning
Linking farmers to markets (output and input)
Credit services
Training
RESEARCH
Productivity (e.g. better variety, practices),
ISFM,
Markets (value chain analysis),
Policy analysis
Endline Survey Indirect Observations Poor market access Good market access Action Counterfactual Action Counterfactual

Learning Site – Institutional Innovations
Institutional linkages, alliance and interactions for knowledge sharing and creation
Evolving nature of the SSA-CP LK PLS fostered and enhanced new institutional linkages and non-linear collective and collaborative interactions, key for joint learning, innovation capacity and knowledge sharing and utilization
Significant and growing measure of community ownership
Structure the partnerships and minimizing uncertainty and likelihood of conflicts

IP Evaluation - Uganda

Learning Site – Lessons
Linkage to financial institutions (Equity, MECRECO)
MECRECO in DRC uses the farmer production as a collateral to increase credit loans-$5,000 loaned to Chahi IP
In Rwanda Action Nord –Sud projects uses Rwerere IP to increase credit loans in the area.

Demand and Adaptation of Technology: Fertilizer use – Chahi Uganda
Kinigi had (P<0.05):
significantly more yield under all fertilizer rates
Potato yield increased linearly with fertilizer rate
the highest Leaf Area Index
Rate of NPK Yield (t/ha)

Technology NRM response of local sorghum to N and P fertilization
Treatments
0 Kg DAP per acre (Control)
50 Kg DAP per acre at planting and 50 kg Urea per acre
100 Kg DAP per acre at planting and 100 kg Urea per acre top dressed

Technological Innovations and Value Additions
IP formation and multi-stakeholder alliance has built value addition and agro-processing network that strengthens the entire commodity supply chain
Learning Site – Lessons

Benefits by producers : Milk and Potatoes Milk- about 50% increase in benefits for producers, and 20% to traders in Rwanda Potatoes- 30% increase for producers, 25% for traders in Rwanda FARA Science Week side event, SSA CP 19th-20th July 2010, OUAGADOUGOU

Learning site: Lessons
Increased area, yields and better price for maize :
Strong and sure link of Chahi IP to PHINTA investment limited led to:
An increase of maize yield and cultivated area
Held the price of maize above U.S$ 0.25 while t he price of maize in the country dropped from U.S$ 0.4 to 0.1 at harvest .

Individual Institutional Inter- Institutional (Networking) Public goods Changes in outlook on core mandates in light of networking New skills- teamwork; facilitation; Communication; conflict resolutions Faster product and enterprise development: Mamera -sorghum porridge, Kasikisi juice and wine, Decision Support Tool, Potatoes / Bean; Central facilitating body Identification of more acceptable solutions to complex problems e.g. linkage to markets, re-introduction of Kinigi potato variety in Rwanda and acceptance of hitherto rejected Victoria in Uganda IAR4D Outcomes

Empowers communities to demand services, participation, ownership and sustainable change
Innovation Platforms –institutions (including financial and processors) established and maintains relevant, effective and efficient partnerships
Enhance synergies between institutions within activities for effective delivery of targets
Efficient allocation of local/institutional/regional resources and services-avoids unnecessary competition, duplication and wastage
Reflections on IAR4D Approach

Successful IAR4D requires a functional and efficient linkages system (CPU) of partners and actors to address dynamic facilitation and research issues
Good indications of the benefits / process impacts
Initiating limited scaling up and out
Final analytical evidence of the performance of IAR4D approach to be established
Conclusions and way forward

Thank You

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Buruchara - Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D): An Approach to Enhance Small-holder Farmers’ Livelihoods: Experiences from Lake Kivu Region

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Buruchara - Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D): An Approach to Enhance Small-holder Farmers’ Livelihoods: Experiences from Lake Kivu Region Presentation Transcript