This document provides an introduction to plant reproduction, including defining propagation, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. It describes the key parts of flowers and different types of seeds, flowers, and vegetative propagation. Sexual reproduction involves the union of male and female sex cells to produce seeds and new genetically unique individuals, while asexual reproduction uses vegetative propagation to produce genetically identical clones via methods like cuttings, layering, budding, and grafting.

1. Introduction to Plant
Reproduction

2. Define Propagation
 Propagation
 The reproduction of plants either sexually or
asexually.

3. Define sexual reproduction and
the terms associated with it.
 Sexual Reproduction:
 The union of the female and male sex cells to
produce a seed (embryo).
 Ovule: female sex cell.
 Pollen: male sex cell.
 Embryo (seed-germ): an immature plant.
 *Sexual reproduction involves the creation of
a genetically new individual.

4. List and explain the different
types of seeds.
 Monocots:
 Seeds with one seed leaf.
 Leaves have parallel
veins.
 1 solid seed.
 Stem vacular bundles
scattered.
 Roots are adventitious
 Flowers in multiples of
three.
 Pollen with single
furrow or pore

5. Dicots
 Seeds with 2 seed leaves
or 2 cotyledons
 Veins are “webbed.”
 Pollen with three furrows
or pores.
 Flowers parts in
multiples of four or five.
 Stem vascular bundles in
a ring.

6. Monocots

7. Dicot Leaf

8. Dicot


9. 

10. List and explain the different
types of flowers.
 Complete
 Incomplete

11. Complete Flowers
 Sepals
 The outer part of the flower.
 In open flowers, the sepals are found at the
base of the plant.

12. Petals
The brightly colored, soft tissue that attracts
insects.

13. Stamens
 The male part of the flower that has an
anther at the end of it to produce pollen.

14. Pistil
 Stigma
 The opening of the pistil.
 Style
 The tube-like structure that connects the
stigma and ovary.
 Ovary
 The site of fertilization and growth of the
seed.

15. Stigma, Style &
Ovary

16. Ovary

17. Complete Flower

18. Complete Flower

19. Incomplete Flower
 An incomplete flower
is one that lacks one
or more of the four
principal components
identified in a
complete flower.

20. Explain the difference between a
perfect and imperfect flower
 A perfect flower is
one with both the
stamen and pistil
 An imperfect flower
is one that lacks one
of the sex organs.

21. Define pollination, fertilization
and germination.
 Pollination
 The transfer of pollen
from an anther to a
stigma of a flower of the
same species.
 Fertilization
 The union of the pollen
and ovule cells.
 Germination
 The sprouting of a seed.

22. Define asexual reproduction
 Asexual Reproduction:
 The reproduction of a plant without the uniting of a
pollen and ovule.
 Asexual reproduction is often referred to as vegetative
propagation since no seed is involved in the formation
of the new plant.
 It is known as a clone.
 Leaves, stems or roots may be used to grow a new
plant.
 *Produces a genetically identical plant.

23. List the benefits of vegetative
propagation.
 True traits of the parents
 Maintains genetic purity with
 100% replication of parent plant.
 No seed
 Some plants do not produce a seed or the seeds are
too small to work with.
 Accelerates the time it takes to get a new plant to
the market
 Traditionally, it would take up to 40 years to get a
new plant to the general public; however,
micropropagation can yield marketable levels of
plants within 8 to 12 years.

24. List and explain the different types of
vegetative propagation.
 Layering
 Involves getting roots to grow from the stem. I.e., magnolia tree
 Cutting
 Using a short section of plant stems for propagation.
 Budding
 Taking a bud from one plant and moving it to another.
 Grafting
 Placing a section of a stem of one plant onto another plant.
 Tissue culture
 Taking a group of cells or a single cell and growing it to a plant.

25. Layering


26. Cutting


27. Tissue Culture
