Attracting Wildlife Food Fruit Bearing Nectar Plants Larval Plants Cover Water Puddling Station Birdbaths Managing For Wildlife Weeds Nuisance Animals More Information Author: Rebecca McNair

All Animals Need: Food Cover Water Space Animals will only reside or forage in an area that contains enough of these four essential elements to maintain daily activities. Habitat

Food

Cover

Water

Space

Animals will only reside or forage in an area that contains enough of these four essential elements to maintain daily activities.

Food Fruit Seeds Insects Nectar Larval Meat Remember to provide food year-round, especially in winter. Attract a variety of birds, reptiles, bats, butterflies and other insects

Fruit

Seeds

Insects

Nectar

Larval

Meat

Remember to provide food year-round, especially in winter.

Fruit Bearing Plants for North Florida Beautyberry Calicarpa americana Tupelo Nyssa ogeche Wild grape Vitis sp.

Mulberry Morus rubra Large native tree ~ 40 ft Full sun Throughout Florida Edible fruit in spring Brittle bark, messy (USDA Zone 5-9)

Large native tree ~ 40 ft

Full sun

Throughout Florida

Edible fruit in spring

Brittle bark, messy

Chickasaw Plum Prunus angustifolia Native tree ~10 ft Full to partial sun Blooms early spring Edible fruit Suckers tend to form thickets (USDA Zone 8-10)

Native tree ~10 ft

Full to partial sun

Blooms early spring

Edible fruit

Suckers tend to form thickets

Holly Ilex spp. Native shrubs and trees Sun to partial shade Range varies Fruit remains through winter, attracting birds Salt, drought and shade tolerant Suckers Gallberry Ilex glabra Dahoon Holly Ilex cassine (USDA Zone 6-9)

Native shrubs and trees

Sun to partial shade

Range varies

Fruit remains through winter, attracting birds

Salt, drought and shade tolerant

Suckers

Virginia Willow Itea virginica (USDA Zone 6-10A) Native shrub ~ 7 ft Full to partial sun Blooms spring Drought and flood tolerant Suckers tend to form thickets

Native shrub ~ 7 ft

Full to partial sun

Blooms spring

Drought and flood tolerant

Suckers tend to form thickets

Fruit Bearing Plants for South Florida Photo by Joe Schaefer Sea Grape Coccoloba uvifera McCabe Bluestem Palm Sabal minor Southern Red Cedar Juniperus silicicola Bryan

Elderberry Sambucus canadensis (USDA Zone 3-7) Native shrub ~15 ft Full to partial sun Throughout Florida Fragrant flowers year-round Edible fruit

Native shrub ~15 ft

Full to partial sun

Throughout Florida

Fragrant flowers year-round

Edible fruit

Florida Privet Forestiera segregata (USDA Zone 9-11) Native shrub ~10 ft Full to partial sun Throughout Florida Fast grower Drought and salt tolerant Dense cover and fruits attract birds

Native shrub ~10 ft

Full to partial sun

Throughout Florida

Fast grower

Drought and salt tolerant

Dense cover and fruits attract birds

Wild Coffee Psychotria nervosa (USDA Zone 11) Native shrub ~8 ft Partial to full shade tolerant Blooms spring- summer Attracts butterflies and birds

Native shrub ~8 ft

Partial to full shade tolerant

Blooms spring- summer

Attracts butterflies and birds

Nectar Plants for North Florida Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Cardinal flower Lobelia cardinalis Coneflower Echinacea purpurea

Golden Dew Drop Duranta repens ( USDA Zone 8-11) Shrub ~ 14 feet Full to partial sun Blooms year- round Throughout Florida High drought tolerance Attracts butterflies

Shrub ~ 14 feet

Full to partial sun

Blooms year- round

Throughout Florida

High drought tolerance

Attracts butterflies

Porterweed Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (USDA Zone 8-11) Native and non-native perennial ~ 4 ft Full to partial sun Blooms year-round Medium salt and drought tolerance Red variety is non-native

Native and non-native perennial ~ 4 ft

Full to partial sun

Blooms year-round

Medium salt and drought tolerance

Coral Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens (USDA Zone 6-9A) Native vine Full to partial sun Blooms spring- fall Throughout Florida Attract butterflies and hummingbirds

Native vine

Full to partial sun

Blooms spring- fall

Throughout Florida

Attract butterflies and hummingbirds

Nectar Plants for South Florida Mexican Flame Vine Senecio confusis Firebush Hamelia patens Yellow Shrimp Plant Pachystachys lutea Red Shrimp Justicia spicigera

Necklace Pod Sophora tomentosa (USDA Zone 10B-11) Native shrub ~ 8 ft Full sun Blooms year-round High salt and drought tolerance Attracts humming-birds and butterflies Poisonous to humans

Native shrub ~ 8 ft

Full sun

Blooms year-round

High salt and drought tolerance

Attracts humming-birds and butterflies

Poisonous to humans

Jatropha Jatropha integerrima (USDA Zone 10B-11) Shrub ~ 8 feet Full sun Blooms year- round Drought tolerance Fruit is poisonous to humans

Shrub ~ 8 feet

Full sun

Blooms year- round

Drought tolerance

Fruit is poisonous to humans

Larval Plants for North Florida Willow, Salix caroliniana is a larval host of the Viceroy. Matchweed, Phyla nodiflora is the larval host of the Buckeye.

Willow, Salix caroliniana is a larval host of the Viceroy.

Red Bay Persia borbonia (USDA Zone 7-10B) Native tree ~ 40 ft Full to partial sun Throughout Florida Drought and salt tolerant Blooms in spring attract butterflies Purple fruit attract birds Bays are larval food for the spicebush swallowtail. Joe Schaefer

Native tree ~ 40 ft

Full to partial sun

Throughout Florida

Drought and salt tolerant

Blooms in spring attract butterflies

Purple fruit attract birds

Milkweed Asclepias spp. (USDA Zone 8-10A) Shrub ~ 4 ft Natives available Full to partial sun Blooms year-round Throughout Florida Drought tolerant Nectar attracts hummingbirds and butterflies Larval host of Monarch and Queen

Shrub ~ 4 ft

Natives available

Full to partial sun

Blooms year-round

Throughout Florida

Drought tolerant

Nectar attracts hummingbirds and butterflies

Passion flower Passiflora spp. (USDA Zone 6-11) Vine Native varieties available Full to partial sun Blooms year-round Throughout Florida Larval host of Gulf Fritillary

Vine

Native varieties available

Full to partial sun

Blooms year-round

Throughout Florida

Native shrub ~ 3 ft Full-partial sun Salt and drought tolerant Throughout Florida Insignificant bloom Coontie Zamia pumila (USDA Zone 9-11) Larval host of Atala butterfly, found only in southeast Florida.

Native shrub ~ 3 ft

Full-partial sun

Salt and drought tolerant

Throughout Florida

Insignificant bloom

Larval Plants for South Florida Wild Tamarind Lysiloma latisiliquum larval host of Cloudless Sulphurs Green Shrimp Blechum brownei Larval host of the Malachites

Native tree ~25 ft Full to partial sun Blooms year-round Salt and drought tolerant Wild Lime Zanthozylum fagara (USDA Zone 11) Larval host of Giant Swallowtail

Native tree ~25 ft

Full to partial sun

Blooms year-round

Salt and drought tolerant

Vine Full to partial sun Blooms summer-fall Medium drought tolerance Dutchman’s Pipe Aristolochia spp. (USDA Zone 8-11) Larval host of Pipevine swallowtail

Vine

Full to partial sun

Blooms summer-fall

Medium drought tolerance

Senna (syn. Cassia) Senna spp . (USDA Zone 10-11) Native and non-native shrubs ~ 6-10 ft Full to partial sun Blooms fall- spring Fast growing, short-lived (non-native) Desert Cassia Senna polyphylla Larval host of Sulphurs Chapman’s Senna Senna mexicana var. chapmanii

Native and non-native shrubs ~ 6-10 ft

Full to partial sun

Blooms fall- spring

Fast growing, short-lived

Cover Vertical layers Evergreen species for winter cover Standing dead trees, or “snags” Brush pile

Vertical layers

Evergreen species for winter cover

Standing dead trees, or “snags”

Brush pile

Water Permanent water feature Sound of running water attracts many animals Puddling-Butterflies obtain water and minerals from liquid in pore spaces. Puddling station Sandra Granson

Permanent water feature

Sound of running water attracts many animals

Design a Puddling Station Layer sand in saucer Add layer of compost Place pebbles on top Add water slowly (to pebble layer) Place saucer on upside down pot

Layer sand in saucer

Add layer of compost

Place pebbles on top

Add water slowly (to pebble layer)

Place saucer on upside down pot

Birdbath Shallow with mildly sloping sides Rough surface Keep clean Rinse off any soap residue Audubon Society recommends changing the water and cleaning bird baths weekly to avoid spreading avian diseases.

Shallow with mildly sloping sides

Rough surface

Keep clean

Rinse off any soap residue

Managing for Wildlife Vertical layers of vegetation Plant natives No pesticides! Stop mowing- Weeds add wildlife value to your yard! Long-tailed skipper feeding on Spanish needle. Bidens alba

Vertical layers of vegetation

Plant natives

No pesticides!

Stop mowing- Weeds add wildlife value to your yard!

Wild Wonderful Weeds Pokeweed Phytolacca americana Horsemint Monarda punctata Blanket flower Gaillardia pulchella Coreopsis Coreopsis spp.

Tolerance of Nuisance Animals Diggers (moles, gophers, squirrels, armadillos, tortoises) Bring nutrient to surface Loosen & aerate soil Feed on turf and landscape pests Trapping and deterrents Herbivores (deer, rabbits, ducks) Contribute to food web, circle of life Nets and fencing may protect fruits Harassment or nest removal for non-natives Pocket Gopher Marsh rabbit Armadillo

Diggers (moles, gophers, squirrels, armadillos, tortoises)

Bring nutrient to surface

Loosen & aerate soil

Feed on turf and landscape pests

Trapping and deterrents

Herbivores

(deer, rabbits, ducks)

Contribute to food web, circle of life

Nets and fencing may protect fruits

Harassment or nest removal for non-natives

More Wild Information Florida Cooperative Extension Service - Wildlife Program www.wec.ufl.edu/extension Print on demand Links and information Educational programs Florida Wildlife Habitat Program Local Audubon Society

Florida Cooperative Extension Service - Wildlife Program

www.wec.ufl.edu/extension

Print on demand

Links and information

Educational programs

Florida Wildlife Habitat Program

Local Audubon Society

Further Reading Http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu WEC-20 Dealing with Unwanted Wildlife in an Urban Environment SS-WEC-70 Threats to Florida's Biodiversity WEC-72 Saving Endangered Species: How You Can Help WEC-44 Water for Wildlife SS-WIS-09 Native Plants that Attract Wildlife: Central Florida SS-WIS-22 Butterfly Gardening in Florida SS-WIS-21 Hummingbirds of Florida

WEC-20 Dealing with Unwanted Wildlife in an Urban Environment

SS-WEC-70 Threats to Florida's Biodiversity

WEC-72 Saving Endangered Species: How You Can Help

WEC-44 Water for Wildlife

SS-WIS-09 Native Plants that Attract Wildlife: Central Florida

SS-WIS-22 Butterfly Gardening in Florida

SS-WIS-21 Hummingbirds of Florida

Thanks for your attention! The following presentation was made possible through a grant from FL DEP and EPA. Special thanks to the following reviewers for their valued contributions: FL114 ELM Design Team and the FYN Subcommittee Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, UF Agriculture Education and Communication Department Environmental Horticulture Department Entomology and Nematology Department Soil and Water Sciences Department Florida Cooperative Extension Service in: Alachua, Broward, Clay, Hillsborough, Lake, Miami-Dade, Orange, Pinellas Sarasota, and Volusia Counties Florida Organics Recycling Center for Excellence The Center For Wetlands, UF United States Department of Agriculture Division of Plant Industry

The following presentation was made possible through a grant from FL DEP and EPA. Special thanks to the following reviewers for their valued contributions:

FL114 ELM Design Team and the FYN Subcommittee

Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, UF

Agriculture Education and Communication Department

Environmental Horticulture Department

Entomology and Nematology Department

Soil and Water Sciences Department

Florida Cooperative Extension Service in: Alachua, Broward, Clay, Hillsborough, Lake, Miami-Dade, Orange, Pinellas Sarasota, and Volusia Counties

Florida Organics Recycling Center for Excellence

The Center For Wetlands, UF

United States Department of Agriculture

Division of Plant Industry