Axel Hausmann - Invertebrates Plenary

How to assess the ‘Megabiodiversity’ of Invertebrates:55% of the world’s geometrid speciesare DNA barcodedAxel Hausmann(1), Rodolphe Rougerie(2), Paul D. N. Hebert(3)(1) Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Germany (2) Université de Rouen, France (3) Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Canada

The clock is ticking …Global disasters:continuous loss of radioactivity

The clock is ticking …

Fascinating biodiversity Urgently to be assessed!

Time‘s running out for Biodiversity

Continuous loss of habitats

The clock is ticking …1. Correct and reliable analysis of biodiversity Knowledge / Identification2. Effective tools allowing rapid action

Reliable analysis: easy identification?

Who is who? undeterminable sibling species:Eupithecia pulchellata – Eupithecia pyreneata

Who is who?undeterminable insect larvae

Main gap:Megadiverse groups of tropical Insects fresh samples of geometrids from Peru

The clock is ticking …1. Correct and reliable analysis of biodiversity Knowledge / Identification2. Effective tools allowing rapid action

Traditional assessment:species descriptions

Traditional assessment:species descriptions Geometridae

Traditional assessmentversus DNA barcoding Geometridae 2011: 14,500 species!

Traditional assessmentversus DNA barcoding Geometridae 2018: 25,000 species!

The clock is ticking! Geometridae

____ 63% of the world’s geometrid species55%are DNA barcoded 14,500 geometrid species barcoded (63%)

Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich

Sampling StrategiesReference Collections Europe North America 9%

Sampling StrategiesReference Collection ANIC 9%

Sampling StrategiesReference Collection Staude (ZA) 4%

Sampling StrategiesReference Collection Herbulot 22 %

Reliably identified collection material versus fresh samplings Europe & North America (2000) ANIC Australia (2000) coll. Staude, ZA (1000)Rest(13,000) coll. Herbulot, world (5000)

Sampling Strategies Unsorted fresh samplingsZSM: 500K geometrids worldwide

Sampling Strategies

Selection of study sites: Ghana, Kakum NPEudaemonia argusCanopy Accessby Walkway

Sampling under tropical conditions Ammonia syringe Pinned in the field (Larger specimens in Killing jar small envelopes) Back home: Labelling & leg sampling Barcode success rate: >95% Relaxing (max. 2 days) & spreading later on!

Sampling Strategies95well morphospecies selection

A priori identification of samples from tropical countries to (sub)family (e.g. ‘Larentiinae) 5% to species 20% (e.g. ‘Eois aurata) 45%to genus 30% (e.g. ‘Eois AH01Ge) to species group, tentatively (e.g. Eois aurataAH01Ge)

Optimizing the procedureTaking photographs

Optimizing the procedurePreparing the insects for the PCR plates 96

Optimizing the procedureDatabasing and quality control

Optimizing the procedure Large-scale production

CalibrationTaxonomic expertise Forum Herbulot

Calibration Type specimenscoll. Herbulot, 100 years, 658 bp MNHN, >150 years, 658 bp >200 geometrid holotypes >500 paratypes

Continental assessments European campaign

Continental assessments European campaign pending 9% barcoded European geometrids 91%  total of 970 species (Hausmann 2007)  barcoded by April 2011: 880 species (91 %)  accessible on BOLD with image and georeferencing

Continental assessments African geometrids

Continental assessments African geometrids 3168 species described

Continental assessments African geometrids 649 Ma- dagascar 1543 Rest 914 South Africa 3168 species described

Continental assessments African geometrids  > 8,500 specimens, 5,750 barcodes,  > 2,500 species (“BIN”s)  calibration: Hausmann, Staude & Lenz

Continental assessments African geometrids  goal: 2.8-3K species (almost complete)  data release publication late 2012 (PLoS one)

Library of Life – made in GermanyData release geometrids of Bavariaafter less than 2 years 406 of 408 species barcoded (99%) 1815 specimens, 1393 barcodes

Distances between species14 Minimum pairwise distances between species > 2% 1-2%12 0-1%1086420 0-0,5 1-1,5 2-2,5 3-3,5 4-4,5 5-5,5 6-6,5 7-7,5 8-8,5 9-9,5 10- 11- 12- 13- % % % % % % % % % % 10,5 11,5 12,5 13,5 % % % % 99 % diagnostic barcodes!

Distances between species‘Barcode sharing’: Thera obeliscata, T. v. mugo and T. cembraeSYNONYMY

Synonymy Kuchleria garciapitai Exposito, 2005 syn.n. to Kuchleria insignata Hausmann, 1995TAXONOMY Kuchleria insignata Kuchleria garciapitai Holotype, E Spain from type locality, C Spain

Variation within species70 Variation (maximum pairwise distance) within species >2% 1-2%60 0-1%50403020100 0-0,5 1-1,5 2-2,5 3-3,5 4-4,5 5-5,5 6-6,5 7-7,5 8-8,5 9-9,5 10-10,5 11-11,5 12-12,5 13-13,5 5 % with cryptic diversity in COI (15+5 species, >2%) 9/20 with double clusters, 11/20 with out-sticking singletons

TAXONOMY Cryptic species detection

A new pest for the Fauna of North Africa: The winter moth O. brumataPEST CONTROL photo: E. Friedrich map: BOLD database

Agents for the control of invasive plants Eueupithecia cisplatensis for the controlQUARANTAINE of Parkinsonia aculeata in Australia photos: CSIRO, Australia by the courtesy of Tim Heard

ECOLOGY Agents for the control of invasive plants

ECOLOGY Analysis of gut content COI Sequence unknown larva (Dead Sea) Identification moth: Semiothisa aestimaria

ECOLOGY Analysis of gut content matK/rbcL Sequence COI Sequence unknown larva (Dead Sea) Identification plant: Identification moth: Tamarisk Semiothisa aestimaria

How to assess the ‘Megabiodiversity’ of Invertebrates: 63% of the world’s geometrid species are DNA barcoded Funding agenciesAcknowledgementsPaul Hebert for a wonderful and successful partnership!Rodolphe Rougerie, University of Rouen for iBOL 1.9 co-leadSujeevan Ratnasingham (BOLD), and the teams of BIO and CCDBBFB-team: G. Haszprunar, S. Schmidt, M. Balke, L. Hendrich, A. SegererBayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und KunstHundreds of enthusiastic and active partners all over the world

Axel Hausmann - Invertebrates Plenary

by Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) on Jan 26, 2012

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