Stalking On Campus Webinar

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    Notes on slide 1

    More on using technology to stalk in a later workshop

    Sample Delivery: “Neither cell phones nor phone companies really support long-term archiving of text messages. So take a photo of the screen and work with law enforcement to document harassing messages.” Story from Maryland – June 2005: Discreetly holding her cell phone by her leg as she sat in her ex-boyfriend's car, Kelly Lazo screamed for help with the quiet typing of text messages. In one of the first messages, she typed, "I need help. My boyfriend, he's trying to go to New York with me and I don't want to go there.“ Eventually, in a flurry of messages to her sister, Ms. Lazo was able to say what highway signs she was passing. Nassau County police stopped the car on the Long Island Expressway and arrested Mr. Machuca, 23, who was charged with kidnapping in both the state of Maryland and New York.

    THERE ARE NO DEFINITIVE CATEGORIES OF STALKERS!

    Sexual gratification: voyeurism Planning to commit a crime: Rapists

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    Stalking On Campus Webinar - Presentation Transcript

    1. CALCASA Campus Webinar Series Stalking on Campus October 27, 2009
    2. CALCASA Staff
      • Althea Hart , Training & Resource Coordinator
      • Livia Rojas , Training & Resource Coordinator
    3. October Webinar I. CALCASA Announcements II. Technical Instructions III. Rebecca Dreke VI. Q&A
    4. Announcements
      • Last Campus Webinar in 2009: Tuesday, November 24, 2009 @ 11.00 a.m. PST
      • Campus Winter TTI 2010 in Orlando, FL
      • Campus materials on CALCASA.org
    5. How To Use The Technology Raise Hand Q & A Text Chat PowerPoint Slides
    6. Stalking on Campus Raise hand and use chat to answer, if you wish How many of you integrate stalking into your campus program?
    7. Stalking on Campus Presented by: Rebecca Dreke, rdreke@ncvc.org
    8. Stalking
      • A pattern of behavior directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to feel fear.
    9. Stalking on Campus
    10. Prevalence
      • Rates of stalking among college students exceed the prevalence rates found in the general population:
        • 27% of women and 15% of men
        • (Fremouw et al, 1997)
        • 25% of women and 11% of men
        • (Bjerregaard, 2000)
        • During one 9-month period, 13.1% of college women surveyed reported being stalked
          • 3 in 10 women reported being injured emotionally or psychologically from being stalked
          • In 15.3% of incidents, the victim reported that the stalker either threatened or attempted to harm them
          • In 10.3% of incidents, the victim reported that the stalker forced or attempted sexual contact
        • - The Sexual Victimization of College Women (2000)
      • 3/4 of women who experienced stalking-related behaviors experienced other forms of victimization (sexual, physical, or both)
        • Stalking and physical assault 8%
        • Stalking and rape/sexual assault 26%
        • Stalking, physical and rape/sexual assault 11%
      • - Stalking acknowledgement and reporting among college women experiencing intrusive behaviors (2007)
    11. Victim and Offender Relationship
      • 80.3% of female campus stalking victims knew their stalkers:
        • 42.5% Current/former boyfriend
        • 24.5% Classmate
        • 10.3% Acquaintance
        • 5.6% Friend
        • 5.6% Co-worker
          • - The Sexual Victimization of College Women (2000)
    12.  
    13. Use of Technology to Stalk
      • More than 1 in 4 victims reported some form of technology used
        • 83% email
        • 35% instant messaging (IM)
        • 7% electronic monitoring of some kind
      • - Stalking Victimization in the United States , BJS (2009)
    14. Use of Technology to Stalk
      • Phones
      • Texting
      • Cameras
      • Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
      • Computers
      • Email & IM
      • Spyware
      • Assistive technologies
      • Social networking sites
    15. Stalking via Text Messaging
      • SMS (short message service)
      • Evidence: Take a photo of the cell phone screen to document harassing messages
      • Phone Carrier Records:
        • Check what text/SMS records your phone carrier keeps
      • How do stalkers use email?
      • Send email
      • Intercept and monitor email
      • Impersonate victim and send offensive messages to others
      Email
    16. What can victims do?
      • Passwords: use variations of numbers and letters
      • Save all harassing or suspicious emails
      • Never open suspicious emails or attachments
      Safety Tip
    17. Instant Messaging Where am I? At Library – 3 rd Floor Stacks
    18. Social Networking Sites
      • Do you have a social networking site?
    19. Social Networking Sites
      • Creating an online community for friends & family members or meeting new friends (examples: Facebook, My Space)
      • SNS can bring people together in various ways
        • Maintain friendships (across distances)
        • Pursuits of specific interests – music, art, sports, etc.
        • Community activism
    20. Context
      • Some behaviors that are intrusive when initiated by a stranger may not be intrusive when initiated by a former dating partner, because the behaviors might be viewed as a reasonable attempt to reconcile.
      - Haugaard & Seri (2003).
    21. Twitter
    22. Think Before You Post
      • Photos
      • School information
      • Work information
      • Favorite hangouts
      • What is on your friends’ pages about you?
      Safety Tip
    23. Stalking Behavior
    24. Pattern of Behavior
      • 2/3 of stalkers pursue their victim at least once per week
      • 78% of stalkers use more than one means of approach
      • Weapons used to harm or threaten victims in about 20% of cases
      - The RECON Typology of Stalking - The RECON Typology of Stalking (2006)
    25. Recidivism Rates
      • Occurred in 60% of cases
      • Time between intervention and recidivism was about 2 months
        • Ranged from 1 day to 6 years
      - The RECON Typology of Stalking (2006)
    26. Duration of Stalking
      • - Stalking Victimization in the United States , BJS (2009)
    27. Why do they stalk?
      • Seeking affection
      • Rejection
      • Obsession
      • Power & Control
      • Planning to commit a crime
      • Because they can
      • What are other reasons for stalking?
      • Everybody’s Stalking
        • Badly Drawn Boy
      • Stalking You on MySpace
        • Jon B
      • I Will Possess Your Heart
        • Death Cab for Cutie
      • One Way or Another
        • Blondie
      • Escape
        • Enrique Iglesias
      • In My Mind
        • Heather Headley
    28. “ The Stalker” e-card
      • www.americangreetings.com
    29. Impact on Victims
    30. Impact of Stalking
      • Minimization; Self-blame
      • Guilt, shame or embarrassment
      • Frustration, Irritability, Anger
      • Shock and confusion
      • Fear and anxiety
      • Depression
      • Emotional numbness
      • Flashbacks
      • Isolation/disconnection from other people
      • Difficulties with concentration or attention
      • Feeling suicidal
      • Decreased ability to perform at work or school, or accomplish daily tasks
      • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
      • Sleep disturbances, nightmares
      • Sexual dysfunction
      • Fatigue
      • Fluctuations in weight
      • Self-medication with alcohol/drugs
      • Feeling on guard most of the time - hypervigilance
    31. Victim’s Reactions
      • 43% avoided or tried to avoid stalker
      • 16% confronted stalker
      • 9% did not acknowledge messages/e-mail
      • 6% became less trustful/more cynical
      • 5% got caller ID
    32. Victim’s Reactions
      • 4% improved security system of residence
      • 4% traveled with a companion
      • 4% sought restraining order
      • 3% filed a grievance with university
      • 3% sought psychological counseling
          • - The Sexual Victimization of College Women (2000)
    33. Reporting of Stalking Incidents
        • Overall, 83.1% of stalking incidents were NOT reported to police or campus law enforcement.
        • BUT….
        • 93.4% of victims confided in someone, most often a friend, that they were being stalked.
      - National Sexual Victimization of College Women Survey
    34. Reasons for Not Reporting Stalking
    35. Addressing Stalking on Campus
    36. Campus Response
      • Educational Programming
      • Advocacy
      • Training for officials
      • Implement and Enforce Stalking Policies/Protocol
    37. Educational Programming
      • Awareness
      • Risk reduction
        • Targets potential victims
      • Prevention
        • Targets potential perpetrators
      • Bystander intervention
        • Targets everyone
      Use peer educators when available and appropriate
    38. Increase Awareness
      • Add information to orientation materials/activities
      • Awareness Months:
        • October – Domestic Violence
        • January – Stalking
        • April – Sexual Assault
      • Post information:
      • Classrooms
      • Bathrooms
      • Residence halls
      • Health center
      • Counseling center
      • Everywhere
    39.  
    40. University of New Hampshire
    41. Virginia Tech
    42. Advocacy
      • Provide support and validation for the victim
      • Provide information and options
      • Assist victims in navigating judicial/discipline, criminal and civil justice systems
      • Assist victims with safety planning
    43. Training for Campus Officials
      • Law enforcement/campus security
      • Housing
      • Administrators
      • Counseling center
      • Health center
      • Advocates
      • Educators
      • Faculty
      • Others?
    44. Policy on Stalking
      • Do you have a campus stalking policy?
    45. Project to Develop a Model Campus Policy
      • Project Partners
        • Stalking Resource Center at the National Center for Victims of Crime
        • California Coalition Against Sexual Assault
        • U.S. Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women
      • Project launched Summer 2007
      • 202-467-8700
      1-800-FYI-CALL [email_address] www.ncvc.org/src
    46. Acknowledgements
      • Rebecca Dreke, NSRC
      • Grantees
      • CALCASA Staff

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