Emergent cyberculture Contexts for the digital humanities

Wireless and mobile devices Pedagogies of ubiquitous computing

What it means, top-level “ A device ecology” -Petra Wentzel, "Wireless All the Way: Users’ Feedback on Education through Online PDAs" (presentation at the EDUCAUSE annual conferenceAnaheim, Calif., November 7, 2003).

“ A device ecology”

-Petra Wentzel, "Wireless All the Way: Users’ Feedback on Education through Online PDAs" (presentation at the EDUCAUSE annual conferenceAnaheim, Calif., November 7, 2003).

2. What it means, top-level Information and media use: content capture content access (downloaded or copied)news or information social connection (different speeds, synch and asynch)

Information and media use:

content capture

content access (downloaded or copied)news or information

social connection (different speeds, synch and asynch)

Another way of looking at it All of Web 2.0, just more so Social media Microcontent Accelerando!

All of Web 2.0, just more so

Social media

Microcontent

Accelerando!

new interfaces tiny but beloved keyboard stylus touchscreen mouse might wane ( http://let.blog.nitle.org/2008/07/21/the_mouse_soon_to_decline_gartner/ )

new interfaces

tiny but beloved keyboard

stylus

touchscreen

mouse might wane ( http://let.blog.nitle.org/2008/07/21/the_mouse_soon_to_decline_gartner/ )

netbooks Replace the laptop?

Replace the laptop?

ebook readers The Kindle and others

The Kindle and others

phones iPhone’s triumph Media Networked Apps Touch Other platforms?

iPhone’s triumph

Media

Networked

Apps

Touch

Other platforms?

Phones plus

tablets Tablet and tablets

Tablet and tablets

GPS-enabled devices Gaming: geocaching Devices vs functions Ultimately: AR

Gaming: geocaching

Devices vs functions

Ultimately: AR

Clickers Er, Personal Response Units The unsung campus success

Er, Personal Response Units

The unsung campus success

implementing clickers Classroom pilot Faculty/admin meeting demo Owning units: students or institution? Combine with ppt

Classroom pilot

Faculty/admin meeting demo

Owning units: students or institution?

Combine with ppt

implementing clickers Pedagogical themes Interaction Polling Anonymity yet universality Aimed at large size class, often

Pedagogical themes

Interaction

Polling

Anonymity yet universality

Aimed at large size class, often

implementing clickers Using results Hide, reveal, or share? Snap poll Discussion generating Clickers for questions Binary or multiple Student-generated Assessment vs constructivist

Using results

Hide, reveal, or share?

Snap poll

Discussion generating

Clickers for questions

Binary or multiple

Student-generated

Assessment vs constructivist

implementing clickers Other devices Smartphone apps Web polls accessible through multiple devices

Other devices

Smartphone apps

Web polls accessible through multiple devices

“Pens” OCR Audio One classroom use: http://mediatedcultures.net/ksudigg/?p=206

OCR

Audio

One classroom use:

http://mediatedcultures.net/ksudigg/?p=206

mobile game players PSP Others?

PSP

Others?

Mobile, but not wireless -cables -USB drives -flash cards -batteries and outlets (for now!)

Mobile, but not wireless

-cables

-USB drives

-flash cards

-batteries and outlets (for now!)

4. Campus strategies Nearly a decade of practice to access Diverse locations of support Multiple engagements with device ecology

Nearly a decade of practice to access

Diverse locations of support

Multiple engagements with device ecology

5. Pedagogies Emergent pedagogies Information on demand Time usage changes Class/world barrier reduction Personal intimacy with units Spatial mapping Mobile, multimedia, social research

Emergent pedagogies

Information on demand

Time usage changes

Class/world barrier reduction

Personal intimacy with units

Spatial mapping

Mobile, multimedia, social research

Learning spaces In the classroom one leading pilot space for wireless mode: lecture/lab Campus other sites: library, residence hall new learning spaces chunks of campus

In the classroom

one leading pilot space for wireless

mode: lecture/lab

Campus

other sites: library, residence hall

new learning spaces

chunks of campus

Realtime search and news Volokh Conspiracy, April 2007

Realtime search and news “Students who have superb search skills have introduced useful material or questions into discussion. In a few cases, I’ve had students find pertinent archival video in response to the drift of the conversation which I’ve then put up on the classroom projector.” -professor Tim Burke, Swarthmore College http://weblogs.swarthmore.edu/burke/2009/05/06/the-laptop-in-the-classroom/

“Students who have superb search skills have introduced useful material or questions into discussion. In a few cases, I’ve had students find pertinent archival video in response to the drift of the conversation which I’ve then put up on the classroom projector.”

-professor Tim Burke, Swarthmore College

http://weblogs.swarthmore.edu/burke/2009/05/06/the-laptop-in-the-classroom/

Backchannel Smartmobs CPA Laminated social layer Privacy? Social practices unfolding (dotguy_az)

Backchannel

Smartmobs

CPA

Laminated social layer

Privacy?

Some practices Assignment to class: quick finding of facts (Randy Stakeman, Emerging Technology workshop, 2009, Colby College) Assignment: more extensive Web research (search, assess, discuss, present) Scribes: one per small group, more than 1 per class III. Pedagogies

Some practices

Assignment to class: quick finding of facts (Randy Stakeman, Emerging Technology workshop, 2009, Colby College)

Assignment: more extensive Web research (search, assess, discuss, present)

Scribes: one per small group, more than 1 per class

Multitasking threats: distraction, wandering index/stimulus generational issue practice: shells down, machines open

threats: distraction, wandering index/stimulus

generational issue

practice: shells down, machines open

Multitasking professor Tim Burke, Swarthmore College: “ I am sure there are students in my classes who have multitasked during a lecture or discussion. I’ll be honest with you. I’ve done the same on my laptop when I’ve been in the audience during conferences or lectures, usually email. I’ve done that in response to being bored, but I’ve also done it as a kind of thoughtful doodling while feeling quite engaged and interested in what the speaker is saying and taking copious notes…”

professor Tim Burke, Swarthmore College:

“ I am sure there are students in my classes who have multitasked during a lecture or discussion. I’ll be honest with you. I’ve done the same on my laptop when I’ve been in the audience during conferences or lectures, usually email. I’ve done that in response to being bored, but I’ve also done it as a kind of thoughtful doodling while feeling quite engaged and interested in what the speaker is saying and taking copious notes…”

Multitasking “… So it doesn’t worry or offend me that a student might be doing the same. If it’s because they’re bored, that’s an issue with my presentation. (Though I’m not going to take responsibility for getting universal engagement: you can’t get blood from a stone, and some students are stones.) If the audience is still being thoughtful, taking good notes, and retaining information while multitasking, why should I care?” http://weblogs.swarthmore.edu/burke/2009/05/06/the-laptop-in-the-classroom/

“… So it doesn’t worry or offend me that a student might be doing the same. If it’s because they’re bored, that’s an issue with my presentation. (Though I’m not going to take responsibility for getting universal engagement: you can’t get blood from a stone, and some students are stones.) If the audience is still being thoughtful, taking good notes, and retaining information while multitasking, why should I care?”

http://weblogs.swarthmore.edu/burke/2009/05/06/the-laptop-in-the-classroom/

III. Pedagogies Campus life Informal learning Social organization Emergency alerts (voluntary) That privacy issue

Campus life

Informal learning

Social organization

Emergency alerts (voluntary)

That privacy issue

IV. Examples Mobile study journaling John Schott, Carleton College, 2006

Mobile study journaling

“ The mobile phone is the primary connection tool for most people in the world. In 2020, while "one laptop per child" and other initiatives to bring networked digital communications to everyone are successful on many levels, the mobile phone—now with significant computing power—is the primary Internet connection and the only one for a majority of the people across the world, providing information in a portable, well-connected form at a relatively low price.”

“ The mobile phone is the primary connection tool for most people in the world. In 2020, while "one laptop per child" and other initiatives to bring networked digital communications to everyone are successful on many levels, the mobile phone—now with significant computing power—is the primary Internet connection and the only one for a majority of the people across the world, providing information in a portable, well-connected form at a relatively low price.”

NITLE http://nitle.org Liberal Education Today http://let.blog.nitle.org

NITLE

http://nitle.org

Liberal Education Today

http://let.blog.nitle.org

Gaming Long history of gaming Predigital Chess, go, Senet, mancala, backgammon, dice, cards Kriegspiel Cold War games Digital Spacewar Zork to IF boom (1980s) 1990s rebirth

Long history of gaming

Predigital

Chess, go, Senet, mancala, backgammon, dice, cards

Kriegspiel

Cold War games

Digital

Spacewar

Zork to IF boom (1980s)

1990s rebirth

Gaming in 2008 Physical platforms Console Cell phone PSP Extended forms (DDR) New forms: Wii PC CD, DVD Browser Downloadable … And these can be combined

Physical platforms

Console

Cell phone

PSP

Extended forms (DDR)

New forms: Wii

PC

CD, DVD

Browser

Downloadable

… And these can be combined

Size: huge (WoW: 10 million subscribers, January 2008) Player range: genders, classes, nations Interface, device driver Eve Online, from site

Size: huge

(WoW: 10 million subscribers, January 2008)

Player range: genders, classes, nations

Interface, device driver

Growing content diversity Current events (Kumawar) Political argument (September 12th, FoodForce) Religious gaming (Left Behind: Eternal Forces, 2006) Literary gaming (Kafkamesto, 2006) (BBC Climate Challenge; Ayiti: both 2007-present)

Growing content diversity

Current events (Kumawar)

Political argument (September 12th, FoodForce)

Religious gaming (Left Behind: Eternal Forces, 2006)

Literary gaming (Kafkamesto, 2006)

Genres First-person shooter Puzzle Platform jumper Strategy “ Adventure” Sports Minigame (Koster fractals) New forms Katamari Portal Augmented reality games

First-person shooter

Puzzle

Platform jumper

Strategy

“ Adventure”

Sports

Minigame (Koster fractals)

New forms

Katamari

Portal

Augmented reality games

Economics of games Who creates games? Businesses Governments Nonprofits Amateurs Scales Large games $millions EA, Microsoft Modding Back to Doom, hacking, View Source Neverwinter Nights Casual games Other economics Gambling Gold farming Currency trading

Who creates games?

Businesses

Governments

Nonprofits

Amateurs

Scales

Large games

$millions

EA, Microsoft

Modding

Back to Doom, hacking, View Source

Neverwinter Nights

Casual games

Other economics

Gambling

Gold farming

Currency trading

Offshoot: machinima Tools Counterstrike, Halo Second Life The Movies Art movement Machinima Academy of Arts and Sciences ( http://www.machinima.org/ ) (Koulamata, “The French Democracy”, 2006)

Tools

Counterstrike, Halo

Second Life

The Movies

Art movement

Machinima Academy of Arts and Sciences ( http://www.machinima.org/ )

Virtual worlds “’ Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts. A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system…” Antecedents, early digital: science fiction 1984: William Gibson, Neuromancer 1992: Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash - Neuromancer

“’ Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts. A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system…”

Antecedents, digital: the MUD, Adventure (1970s-present) (LambdaMOO, 1990-present)

Antecedents, digital: the MUD, Adventure (1970s-present)

Antecedents, predigital: Theater of Memory (from Philippe Codognet, http://webia.lip6.fr/~codognet/ )

Antecedents, predigital: Theater of Memory

Avatar spaces -Activeworlds -Atmospheres -There (Activeworlds, 1995-present; image via www.virtualworldlets.net )

Avatar spaces

-Activeworlds

-Atmospheres

-There

-Habbo Hotel -Cyworld (Club Penguin, 2005-present) 2d-3d worlds -Runescape -VMK

-Habbo Hotel

-Cyworld

Google Earth -Keyhole DB -2d: KML -3d: Sketchup -reach -Geotagging photos: videos Mirror worlds

Augmented Reality “ Human Pacman,” Adrian David Cheok, circa 2005 -mobile devices game players general use tools -science fiction explores (Vernor Vinge, Rainbows End )

“ Human Pacman,” Adrian David Cheok, circa 2005

Interactive Fiction Speaking of text adventures: 1980s boom: Infocom Ongoing art form Nick Montfort, Twisty Little Passages (“Dead Cities”, from Lovecraft Commonplace Book project 2007 http:// www.illuminatedlantern.com/if/games/lovecraft / )

Speaking of text adventures:

1980s boom: Infocom

Ongoing art form

Nick Montfort, Twisty Little Passages

Interactive Fiction Speaking of text adventures: Inform 7, free IF editor (Richard Liston, Ursinus College, classroom example 2008)

Speaking of text adventures:

Inform 7, free IF editor

Narrative Where is storytelling in a game? Sequence of activities Cut-scene or cinematic Writerly player Encyclopedia world (Murray, Manovich) Ludology vs. narratology Linearity? Game on rails Branching outcomes Multilinear Open-ended

Where is storytelling in a game?

Sequence of activities

Cut-scene or cinematic

Writerly player

Encyclopedia world (Murray, Manovich)

Ludology vs. narratology

Linearity?

Game on rails

Branching outcomes

Multilinear

Open-ended

Alternate reality games Permeability of game boundary (space and time) Focus on distributed, collaborative cognition Increased ephemerality (Perplex City, 2003-2006)

Permeability of game boundary (space and time)

Focus on distributed, collaborative cognition

Increased ephemerality

Political ARGs (ex: World Without Oil , May 2007) ()

Political ARGs (ex: World Without Oil , May 2007)

Gaming and education “Video games… situate meaning in a multimodal space through embodied experiences to solve problems and reflect on the intricacies of the design of imagined worlds and the design of both real and imagined social relationships and identities in the modern world.”

“Video games… situate meaning in a multimodal space through embodied experiences to solve problems and reflect on the intricacies of the design of imagined worlds and the design of both real and imagined social relationships and identities in the modern world.”

21-century boom James Paul Gee (author of preceding quote) Marc Presnsky Henry Jenkins John Seely Brown Mia Consalvo Constance Steinkuehler Kurt Squire

James Paul Gee (author of preceding quote)

Marc Presnsky

Henry Jenkins

John Seely Brown

Mia Consalvo

Constance Steinkuehler

Kurt Squire

James Paul Gee’s argument Semiotic domains; transference Embodied action and feedback Projective identity Edging the regime of competence (Vygotsky) Probe-reprobe cycle Social learning (roles; consumption-production)

Semiotic domains; transference

Embodied action and feedback

Projective identity

Edging the regime of competence (Vygotsky)

Probe-reprobe cycle

Social learning (roles; consumption-production)

Gee on Rise of Nations More implicit pedagogies: “Fish tank” tutorial Strategic self-assessment

More implicit pedagogies:

“Fish tank” tutorial

Strategic self-assessment

Multimedia literacies Gee: multimodal principle Selfe et al : multimodal literacy Bogost: procedural rhetoric Dean for American game (2004) Archived at http://www.deanforamericagame.com/play.html

Gee: multimodal principle

Selfe et al : multimodal literacy

Bogost: procedural rhetoric

Multimedia literacies “… within games, there are in fact multitudes of literacy practices – games are full of text, she asserted, to say nothing of the entirely text-based fandom communities online that take place in forums, blogs and social networks.” Constance Steinkuehler, FuturePlay 2007, Toronto Quoted in http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story =16264

“… within games, there are in fact multitudes of literacy practices – games are full of text, she asserted, to say nothing of the entirely text-based fandom communities online that take place in forums, blogs and social networks.”

Constance Steinkuehler,

FuturePlay 2007, Toronto

Quoted in http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story =16264

Pedagogical functions Summary by Jason Mittell, Middlebury College: Skills Simulations Politics (criticism, activism) Media studies (psych, cultural studies, media) NITLE brownbag, January 2008

Summary by Jason Mittell, Middlebury College:

Skills

Simulations

Politics (criticism, activism)

Media studies (psych, cultural studies, media)

NITLE brownbag, January 2008

Which educational theory? Ian Bogost: behaviorist versus constructivist Image from Scot Osterweil, presentation to Learning from Video Games: Designing Digital Curriculums (NERCOMP SIG , 2007) Issues summoned up: Media effect (violence) Transfer across domains, platforms Subjectivity and assessment selection

Ian Bogost: behaviorist versus constructivist

Issues summoned up:

Media effect (violence)

Transfer across domains, platforms

Subjectivity and assessment

selection

Which educational theory? Issues summoned up: Media effect (violence) Transfer across domains, platforms Subjectivity and assessment selection Responses: Better media Instructor facilitation, by various media More research needed Research and collaboration

Issues summoned up:

Media effect (violence)

Transfer across domains, platforms

Subjectivity and assessment

selection

Responses:

Better media

Instructor facilitation, by various media

More research needed

Research and collaboration

So how is gaming used now? Classroom and courses Curriculum content Delivery mechanism Creating games Peacemaker, Impact Games Revolution (via Jason Mittell)

Classroom and courses

Curriculum content

Delivery mechanism

Creating games

So how is gaming used now? One assignment: compare with documentary records Gap between game and reality Spin or ideology [img credits]

One assignment: compare with documentary records

Gap between game and reality

Spin or ideology

Game studies Serious Games Conferences Scholarly articles and books (MIT Press) Games Learning Society conference, http://www.glsconference.org/2008/index.html

Serious Games

Conferences

Scholarly articles and books (MIT Press)

Games Learning Society conference, http://www.glsconference.org/2008/index.html

Scholarship Game studies Harry J.Brown, Videogames and education (2008). Pat Harrigan and Noah Wardrip-Fruin, eds. Third Person: Authoring and Exploring Vast Narratives (2009).

Scholarship

Harry J.Brown, Videogames and education (2008).

Pat Harrigan and Noah Wardrip-Fruin, eds. Third Person: Authoring and Exploring Vast Narratives (2009).

How is gaming used now? Libraries Collections Game night Creating games Defense of Hidgeon, Games Archive: University of Michigan

Libraries

Collections

Game night

Creating games

Classroom uses

Pedagogy: virtual worlds Ancient Spaces project, University of British Columbia Machu Picchu, Arts Metaverse, Open Croquet

Ancient Spaces project, University of British Columbia

Pedagogy: virtual worlds Second Life, Bryan Zelmanov Pedagogy: social software “ Emotional bandwidth” (Linden Labs) Social presence Self-expression

Second Life,

Bryan Zelmanov

Pedagogy: social software

“ Emotional bandwidth” (Linden Labs)

Social presence

Self-expression

Game studies Serious Games Conferences Scholarly articles and books (MIT Press) Games Learning Society conference, http://www.glsconference.org/2008/index.html

Serious Games

Conferences

Scholarly articles and books (MIT Press)

Games Learning Society conference, http://www.glsconference.org/2008/index.html

Game studies Liberal arts instances Aaron Delwiche, Trinity (image) Christian Spielvogel, Hope Harry Brown, Depauw

Liberal arts instances

Aaron Delwiche, Trinity (image)

Christian Spielvogel, Hope

Harry Brown, Depauw

Liberal Education Today blog http://let.blogs.nitle.org Prediction Markets game http:// markets.nitle.org / NITLE http:// nitle.org

Liberal Education Today blog

http://let.blogs.nitle.org

Prediction Markets game

http:// markets.nitle.org /

NITLE

http:// nitle.org