Willamette digital humanities seminar 2009, part 1

Emergent cyberculture Contexts for the digital humanities

Plan of talk

Web 2.0 + 3.0

Mobile devices

Gaming and virtual worlds

(after Schmelling, http://www.mcsweeneys.net/2008/7/30schmelling.html )

Pervasive themes

Huge forces: movements, commercial projects, new forms

Interplay of closed and open

Storytelling

Current academic crisis

Principles of Forecasting (2001) ( http://www.forecastingprinciples.com/methodologytree.html ) Apprehending the futures

Gaming futures: prediction markets

Web game

Free

Social

Wisdom of crowds

Facebook participation size proposition; http://markets.nitle.org/

Pilot

Example proposition:

By what year will the majority of institutions provide a repository service for sharing scholarship and research?

End of 2010 - 2011 academic year

I. Web 2.0

(Web 2.0 Bullshit Generator, http://emptybottle.org/bullshit/ )

“As of December 2008, 11% of online American adults said they used a service like Twitter or another service…” (Pew Internet and American Life)

comScore MediaMetrix (August 2008)

Blogs : 77.7 million unique visitors in the US…

Total internet audience 188.9 million

eMarketer (May 2008)

o 94.1 million US blog readers in 2007 (50% of Internet users)

o 22.6 million US bloggers in 2007 (12%)

(David Sifry, September 2008 http://technorati.com/blogging/state-of-the-blogosphere/ )

Universal McCann (March 2008)

184 million WW have started a blog | 26.4 US

346 million WW read blogs | 60.3 US

77% of active Internet users read blogs

How influential are blogs in the world?

World Information Access 2008 Report http://www.wiareport.org/index.php/56/blogger-arrests

Social images are large

3 billion+ photos in Flickr

4,230,432 - 32,170,657 shareable

(first stat, Flickr blog, November 2008 http://blog.flickr.net/en/2008/11/03/3-billion/ ; Second stat, Flickr CC search page, March 2009, http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ )

LinkedIn: 30 million users claimed

http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/02/14/as-the-economy-sours-linkedins-popularity-grows/

(eMarketer, March 2009; Scott Sigler, 2008)

(Le Monde, January 14 2008)

“ There are currently 2,807,974 articles in the English Wikipedia .” ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_of_Wikipedia , March 2009)

A new economic system?

Yale University Press, 2006

What is Web 2.0?

Past the hype:

A design architecture

An information ideology

A style

Just one imbricated layer

The term’s history: Tim O’Reilly, 2005

Expands “social software”

Draws on Web history

Open content and/or services and/or standards…

(Pepysblog, 2003-)

… leading to networked conversations

(Pepysblog, 2003-)

O’Reilly: Web 2.0 is a platform for development

Open APIs

Access to data

“ Mashup”

(AccessCeramics project, Lewis and Clark College )

Programming staff

Perceived recognition

Web 2.0 components, movements

Collaborative writing platforms: the wiki way

-Viégas, Wattenberg, Dave (Historyflow, IBM, 2004) Wikis are (often) textually productive

Web 2.0 components, movements

collaborative writing platforms: the blogosphere

(Radio Open Source blog/podcast)

Podcasting, since 2004 Neologisms:

godcasting

nanocasting

podfading

podsafe

podspamming

podvertising

porncasting

(Berkeley Groks; Missing Link podcast, Southwestern University)

Web 2.0 influences rich media: video

(Gootube? Suetube?)

Videoblogging

(vlog? vog?)

(Ask a Ninja; Rocketboom; Howard Rheingold)

Facebook continues to roar

The quiet war with Google

Also LinkedIn, Cyworld, etc.

(Comscore image, via http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/01/22/facebook-now-nearly-twice-the-size-of-myspace-worldwide/ ) Social object: the person

Social objects of all sorts

(Kenyan crisis-Google Maps mashup, Ushahidi http://www.ushahidi.com/ 2008)

Social organization of information, new forms: folksonomy

Search

Retrieval

Self-awareness

http://del.icio.us/

for DoctorNemo

Community surfacing

Ontology

Concepts

Collaborative research

Keeping up

NITLE interest and program cloud, 2008

Keeping up

PennTags, http://tags.library.upenn.edu/

Extrapolating principles: Ton Zylstra on the social object:

“ In general you could say that both Flickr and del.icio.us work in a triangle: person, picture/ bookmark, and tag(s). Or more abstract a person, an object of sociality , and some descriptor...” (Zylstra in Second Life, 2007)

“… In every triangle there always needs to be a person and an object of sociality . The third point of the triangle is free to define[,] as it were.”

- http://www.zylstra.org , 2006

(emphases added)

More emergents

Web Office

Productivity tools in the social Web

Zoho, Google

Web OS

How much of the desktop can migrate to the Web?

(“Online Communities”, XKCD, April 2007 )…

For academia, this can seem a bit overwhelming

(“Online Communities”, XKCD, April 2007 )

Already out of date

For academia, this can seem a bit overwhelming

Flickr and storytelling

“ Tell a story in 5 frames” group

“ Gender Miscommunication”, Nightingai1e, 2006 Web 2.0 storytelling

“ Gender Miscommunication” (Nightingai1e, 2006)

Social photo stories

Or remix social media into narratives

Example: "Farm to Food", Eli the Bearded (2008)

Library of Congress collections

Flickr, Tell A Story in Five Frames group ( http://www.flickr.com/groups/visualstory/ )

Example: "Food to Farm", Eli the Bearded (2008)

Social photo stories Example: "Food to Farm", Eli the Bearded (2008)

Pedagogies:

Remix

Archive work

Social presentation

Visual literacy

( http://www.flickr.com/groups/visualstory/discuss/72157603786255599/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/ )

Social workshopping

In the Tell a story in 5 frames group, 'Alone With The Sand' , moliere1331 (2005)

Pedagogies and publications

Teaching with Web 2.0: it’s not all new

- Web 1.0, internet pedagogies

Hypertext

Web audience

Discussion fora

Collaborative document authoring

Groupware

Teaching with Web 2.0: it’s not all new

Earlier pedagogies

Journaling

Media literacy

Teaching with Web 2.0: principles

http://smarthistory.blogspot.com/ Distributed conversation Collaborative writing Object-oriented discussion Connectivism (G. Siemens, 2004)

Social object pedagogies

Prompts

Discussion object

Composition materials

Teaching with Web 2.0: “ net.gen ”:

“ Fully half of all teens and 57 percent of teens who use the Internet could be considered Content Creators, according to a survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project.”

http://www.pewtrusts.com/pdf/PIP_Teens_1105.pdf

“ [S]tudents… write words on paper, yes— but… also compose words and images and create audio files on Web logs (blogs), in word processors, with video editors and Web editors and in e-mail and on presentation software and in instant messaging and on listservs and on bulletin boards—and no doubt in whatever genre will emerge in the next ten minutes.

Note that no one is making anyone do any of this writing .”

Kathleen Blake Yancey, "Made Not Only in Words: Composition in a New Key." CCC 56.2 (2004):297-328. Emphasis added.

More social object pedagogies

Annotate details

Remix (“Make it mine”)

Jason Mittell, Middlebury College, spring 2008 ( http://justtv.wordpress.com/2008/04/22/teaching-technology-remix-video/ )

Wiki pedagogies

Collective research

Group writing

Document editing

Information literacy

Discussion

Knowledge accretion

(Romantic Audiences project Bowdoin College, 2005-present

Discussion

Knowledge accretion

Edublogging for years

Selected, documented practices:

Publish syllabus

Publish student papers

Discussion

Journaling

Project blogs

Public scholarship

Creative writing

Distributed seminars

Campus organizations

Prospective students

Library collections

Alumni relations

Project management

Liveblogging

New forms of scholarly communication

CommentPress implementation, Institute for the Future of the Books McKenzie Wark, Eugene Lang College

Still more bookblogging

Siva Vaidhyanathan, University of Virginia

Podcasts and teaching: profcasting

Duke: “Classroom recording”

Example: Bryn Mawr College, Michelle Francl, chemistry

Scholarly presses http://www.journalofamericanhistory.org/podcast/

Student program podcasting on campus

War News Radio

(Swarthmore College)

PEPI courses (University of British Columbia, department of Land and Food Resources)

Podcasts and research

Public intellectual

Out of the Past

Engines of Our Ingenuity

In Our Time

University Channel

The Missing Link

Academic open archives for social media

Freesound archive

DIY copyright

Social networking values

University of Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona)

( http://freesound.iua.upf.edu/ )

Peak or ubiquity?

http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/02/14/the-death-of-web-20/

What is “Web 3.0”?

Several models are in play:

The 3-d Web

The Semantic Web

Web on mobile devices

The social Web

( http://weblogs.elearning.ubc.ca/googlescholar/archives/046534.html )

Web 3.0?

Web 3D, virtual world as browser

(Second Life scene; Sony, Home, from Wired)

II. Web 3.0?

Missie Wadlandis game, http://www.wadlandis.nl/

Google Earth -Keyhole DB -2d: KML -3d: Sketchup -reach -Geotagging photos, videos

Web 3D, Google world as browser

Web 3D pedagogies

Virtual worlds

Teambuilding

… but not much Web content, yet Arts Metaverse; Second Life,

Web 3.0?

The Semantic Web

“ Ultimately, Reuters' news is the raw material for analysis and application by investors and downstream news organizations. Adding metadata to make that job of analysis easier for those building additional value on top of your product is a really interesting way to view the publishing opportunity…”

“… If you don't think of what you produce as the "final product" but rather as a step in an information pipeline, what do you do differently to add value for downstream consumers? In Reuters' case, [CEO] Devin thinks you add hooks to make your information more programmable.”

Tim O’Reilly, February 2008 http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2008/02/reuters-ceo-sees-semantic-web.html

Semantic tool in play: ClearForest Gnosis, FF plugin

http://sws.clearforest.com/

examples from Wikipedia VLE, SakaiProject pages

Android: Crunchnet iPhone: swruler9284

Web 3D: the mobile Web

The Social Graph, as Sir Tim sees it

“ I called this graph the Semantic Web, but maybe it should have been Giant Global Graph! Any worse than WWWW? ;-)... So, if only we could express these relationships, such as my social graph, in a way that is above the level of documents, then we would get re-use. That's just what the graph does for us. We have the technology -- it is Semantic Web technology, starting with RDF OWL and SPARQL…” -CSAIL post, November 2007 http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/node/215

Synthesis: Google's CEO's vision

[Eric Schmidt]: Web 3.0 would ultimately be seen as applications that are pieced together [and that share] a number of characteristics: the applications are relatively small; the data is in the cloud; the applications can run on any device - PC or mobile phone; the applications are very fast and they're very customizable...”

Web 3.0? [Eric Schmidt]: … and furthermore the applications are distributed essentially virally, literally by social networks, by email. You won't go to the store and purchase them. ... That's a very different application model than we've ever seen in computing... Transcribed by Nicholas Carr, August 2007 http://www.roughtype.com/archives/2007/08/what_is_web_30.php

Criticism

What do you mean, 3.0 ?

Reactions to question, “What do you think of the term, ‘Web 3.0’?”, from NITLE events in 2008:

Faculty member: “AIEEE! no más !”

Instructional technologist: “My brain is exploding!”

Criticism

Deal with 2.0, already

“ Gartner analysts are avoiding the temptation to give a new label to the latest technologies such as virtual worlds and the semantic Web, saying they’re not providing the same kind of fundamental change as blogs, wikis and social networking tools...” November 2007, http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/092107-gartner-web-20.html

Criticism

Deal with 2.0, already

“… It’s not going to be another era like Web 2.0,” Phifer said. “However, there will be some very interesting innovative things coming out. If you’re in love with numbering schemes, maybe it’s Web 2.1.”” November 2007, http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/092107-gartner-web-20.html

(presentation continued in part 2)