Cyberculture, Academia, and the New Web A survey for summer 2008

Plan of the talk Pieces of Web 2.0 Gaming the world Mobility (Vermont trees and sky, winter 2008)

Pieces of Web 2.0

Gaming the world

Mobility

Thematics Emergence in time and space Pedagogy Open determinism (“Sorpdragon,” Voicethread 2007)

Emergence in

time and space

Pedagogy

Open determinism

Memes Shadow IT Storytelling Giants (Vermont bridge, January 2006)

Shadow IT

Storytelling

Giants

One odd metaphor Web 2.0 and education is like gaming and education: awareness is challenging Huge, financially and quantitatively successful worlds Global and rapidly developing scope Bad anxieties, policies, and media coverage Perceived lack of seriousness (Second Life screenshot, 2006)

Web 2.0 and education is like gaming and education: awareness is challenging

Huge, financially and quantitatively successful worlds

Global and rapidly developing scope

Bad anxieties, policies, and media coverage

Perceived lack of seriousness

Five responses Web 2.0 and education is like gaming and education: intersections are happening Take advantage of preexisting projects and services Mod/warp/hack DIY Literacy: new media Influence (World of Warcraft)

Web 2.0 and education is like gaming and education: intersections are happening

Take advantage of preexisting projects and services

Mod/warp/hack

DIY

Literacy: new media

Influence

I. Web 2.0 (Web 2.0 Bullshit Generator, http://emptybottle.org/bullshit/ )

(Web 2.0 Bullshit Generator, http://emptybottle.org/bullshit/ )

“ Technorati is now tracking over 70 million weblogs, and we're seeing about 120,000 new weblogs being created worldwide each day. That's about 1.4 blogs created every second of every day.” (David Sifry, April 2007 )

“ Technorati is now tracking over 70 million weblogs, and we're seeing about 120,000 new weblogs being created worldwide each day. That's about 1.4 blogs created every second of every day.”

(Flickr blog, March 2008)

Will YouTube kill the podcasting star? (eMarketer, February 2008; Via Podcasting News)

Will YouTube kill the podcasting star?

(Le Monde, January 14 2008)

(March 2008 http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/10M_articles )

The term’s history: Tim O’Reilly, 2005 Expands “social software” Draws on Web history

The term’s history: Tim O’Reilly, 2005

Expands “social software”

Draws on Web history

Microcontent, rather than sites or large documents (NITLE blog Liberal Education Today, http://b2e.nitle.org )

Microcontent, rather than sites or large documents

I. Web 2.0 Multiply authored microcontent

Multiply authored microcontent

Open content and/or services and/or standards… (Pepysblog, 2003-)

Open content and/or services and/or standards…

… leading to networked conversations (Pepysblog, 2003-)

… leading to networked conversations

O’Reilly: Web 2.0 is a platform for development Open APIs Access to data Virtue of the lazyweb ( http://www.hurricanearchive.org/ , Center for History and New Media,George Mason University) Programming staff Perceived recognition

O’Reilly: Web 2.0 is a platform for development

Open APIs

Access to data

Virtue of the lazyweb

Programming staff

Perceived recognition

Web 2.0 components, movements Collaborative writing platforms: the wiki way

Web 2.0 components, movements

Collaborative writing platforms: the wiki way

-Viégas, Wattenberg, Dave (Historyflow, IBM, 2004) Wikis are (often) textually productive

Web 2.0 components, movements collaborative writing platforms: the blogosphere (Radio Open Source blog/podcast)

Web 2.0 components, movements

collaborative writing platforms: the blogosphere

State of the blogosphere, more Diversity: diaries, public intellectuals, carnivals, knitters, moblogs, warblogs home and abroad… 12 people million using three platforms, including LiveJournal: majority women (Anil Dash, MeshForum 2006) NIH guidelines, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=citmed.section.61024

State of the blogosphere, more

Diversity: diaries, public intellectuals, carnivals, knitters, moblogs, warblogs home and abroad…

12 people million using three platforms, including LiveJournal: majority women (Anil Dash, MeshForum 2006)

What’s happened since “podcasting” in 2004? Neologisms: godcasting nanocasting podfading podsafe podspamming podvertising porncasting (Missing Link podcast, Southwestern University)

What’s happened since “podcasting” in 2004? Neologisms:

godcasting

nanocasting

podfading

podsafe

podspamming

podvertising

porncasting

Web 2.0 influences rich media: video (Gootube? Suetube?)

Web 2.0 influences rich media: video

Videoblogging (vlog? vog?) (Ask a Ninja; Rocketboom; Howard Rheingold)

Videoblogging

(vlog? vog?)

Social object: the person FaceBook MySpace LinkedIn ZoomInfo CyWorld… “ Less than four years after its launch, 15 million people, or almost a third of the country's population, are members.” ( BusinessWeek , September 2005)

Social object: the person

FaceBook

MySpace

LinkedIn

ZoomInfo

CyWorld…

Social objects of all sorts (Kenyan crisis-Google Maps mashup, Ushahidi http://www.ushahidi.com/ 2008)

Social objects of all sorts

Social organization of information, new forms: folksonomy Search Retrieval Self-awareness http://del.icio.us/ for DoctorNemo

Social organization of information, new forms: folksonomy

Search

Retrieval

Self-awareness

http://del.icio.us/

for DoctorNemo

Community surfacing Ontology Concepts Collaborative research

Community surfacing

Ontology

Concepts

Collaborative research

Keeping up NITLE workshop tag cloud, 2008

NITLE workshop tag cloud, 2008

Extrapolating principles: Ton Zylstra on the social object: “ In general you could say that both Flickr and del.icio.us work in a triangle: person, picture/ bookmark, and tag(s). Or more abstract a person, an object of sociality , and some descriptor...” (Zylstra in Second Life, 2007)

Extrapolating principles: Ton Zylstra on the social object:

“… In every triangle there always needs to be a person and an object of sociality . The third point of the triangle is free to define[,] as it were.” - http://www.zylstra.org , 2006 (emphases added)

“… In every triangle there always needs to be a person and an object of sociality . The third point of the triangle is free to define[,] as it were.”

- http://www.zylstra.org , 2006

(emphases added)

(“Online Communities”, XKCD, April 2007 )… For academia, this can seem a bit overwhelming

(“Online Communities”, XKCD, April 2007 )…

(“Online Communities”, XKCD, April 2007 ) Already out of date For academia, this can seem a bit overwhelming

(“Online Communities”, XKCD, April 2007 )

Already out of date

Flickr and storytelling Tell a story in 5 frames group “ Gender Miscommunication”, Nightingai1e, 2006

Flickr and storytelling

Tell a story in 5 frames group

“ Gender Miscommunication” (Nightingai1e, 2006)

Social photo stories Or remix social media into narratives Example: "Farm to Food", Eli the Bearded (2008) Library of Congress collections

Or remix social media into narratives

Example: "Farm to Food", Eli the Bearded (2008)

Library of Congress collections

Social photo stories

Social photo stories

Social photo stories Flickr, Tell A Story in Five Frames group ( http://www.flickr.com/groups/visualstory/ ) Example: "Food to Farm", Eli the Bearded (2008)

Flickr, Tell A Story in Five Frames group ( http://www.flickr.com/groups/visualstory/ )

Social photo stories Example: "Food to Farm", Eli the Bearded (2008)

Social photo stories Pedagogies: Remix Archive work Social presentation Visual literacy ( http://www.flickr.com/groups/visualstory/discuss/72157603786255599/ ; http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/ )

Pedagogies:

Remix

Archive work

Social presentation

Visual literacy

Social workshopping In the Tell a story in 5 frames group, 'Alone With The Sand' , moliere1331 (2005)

Social workshopping

Pedagogies and publications Teaching with Web 2.0: it’s not all new - Web 1.0, internet pedagogies Hypertext Web audience Discussion fora Collaborative document authoring Groupware

Teaching with Web 2.0: it’s not all new

- Web 1.0, internet pedagogies

Hypertext

Web audience

Discussion fora

Collaborative document authoring

Groupware

Teaching with Web 2.0: it’s not all new Earlier pedagogies Journaling Media literacy

Teaching with Web 2.0: it’s not all new

Earlier pedagogies

Journaling

Media literacy

Teaching with Web 2.0: principles http://smarthistory.blogspot.com/ Distributed conversation Collaborative writing Object-oriented discussion Connectivism (G. Siemens, 2004)

Teaching with Web 2.0: principles

Social object pedagogies Prompts Discussion object Composition materials

Social object pedagogies

Prompts

Discussion object

Composition materials

Teaching with Web 2.0: “ net.gen ”: “ Fully half of all teens and 57 percent of teens who use the Internet could be considered Content Creators, according to a survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project.” http://www.pewtrusts.com/pdf/PIP_Teens_1105.pdf

Teaching with Web 2.0: “ net.gen ”:

“ Fully half of all teens and 57 percent of teens who use the Internet could be considered Content Creators, according to a survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project.”

“ [S]tudents… write words on paper, yes— but… also compose words and images and create audio files on Web logs (blogs), in word processors, with video editors and Web editors and in e-mail and on presentation software and in instant messaging and on listservs and on bulletin boards—and no doubt in whatever genre will emerge in the next ten minutes. Note that no one is making anyone do any of this writing .” Kathleen Blake Yancey, "Made Not Only in Words: Composition in a New Key." CCC 56.2 (2004):297-328. Emphasis added.

“ [S]tudents… write words on paper, yes— but… also compose words and images and create audio files on Web logs (blogs), in word processors, with video editors and Web editors and in e-mail and on presentation software and in instant messaging and on listservs and on bulletin boards—and no doubt in whatever genre will emerge in the next ten minutes.

Note that no one is making anyone do any of this writing .”

More social object pedagogies Annotate details Remix (“Make it mine”) Edugadget http://www.edugadget.com/2005/05/07/flickr-creative-commons

More social object pedagogies

Annotate details

Remix (“Make it mine”)

Wiki pedagogies Collective research Group writing Document editing Information literacy Discussion Knowledge accretion (Romantic Audiences project Bowdoin College, 2005-present Discussion Knowledge accretion

Wiki pedagogies

Collective research

Group writing

Document editing

Information literacy

Discussion

Knowledge accretion

Discussion

Knowledge accretion

Podcasts and teaching: profcasting Bryn Mawr College: Michelle Francl, chemistry Duke: “Classroom recording” Learning objects: Gardner Campbell, University of Richmond Duke: “Course content dissemination” Information literacy

Podcasts and teaching: profcasting

Bryn Mawr College: Michelle Francl, chemistry

Duke: “Classroom recording”

Learning objects: Gardner Campbell, University of Richmond

Duke: “Course content dissemination”

Information literacy

Student program podcasting on campus War News Radio (Swarthmore College) PEPI courses (University of British Columbia, department of Land and Food Resources)

Student program podcasting on campus

War News Radio

(Swarthmore College)

PEPI courses (University of British Columbia, department of Land and Food Resources)

Podcasts and research Public intellectual Out of the Past Engines of Our Ingenuity In Our Time University Channel The Missing Link

Podcasts and research

Public intellectual

Out of the Past

Engines of Our Ingenuity

In Our Time

University Channel

The Missing Link

Media to enhance other media Podcast + pdfs: Allegheny College, Gothcast

Media to enhance other media

Podcast + pdfs: Allegheny College, Gothcast

Academic open archives for social media Freesound archive DIY copyright Social networking values University of Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona) ( http://freesound.iua.upf.edu/ )

Academic open archives for social media

Freesound archive

DIY copyright

Social networking values

University of Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona)

New forms of scholarly communication CommentPress implementation, Institute for the Future of the Books McKenzie Wark, Eugene Lang College

New forms of scholarly communication

Still more bookblogging Siva Vaidhyanathan, University of Virginia

Still more bookblogging

Combining Web 2.0 forms Podcasting Blogging Digital storytelling Web-based photography YouTube Video mashups Middlebury College, Jason Mittell and Barbara Ganley Blend teaching with research BG now involved in rural community media

Combining Web 2.0 forms

Podcasting

Blogging

Digital storytelling

Web-based photography

YouTube

Video mashups

Middlebury College, Jason Mittell and Barbara Ganley

Blend teaching with research

BG now involved in rural community media

II. Gaming Long history of gaming Predigital Chess, go, Senet, mancala, backgammon, dice, cards Kriegspiel Cold War games Digital Spacewar Zork to IF boom (1980s) 1990s rebirth

Long history of gaming

Predigital

Chess, go, Senet, mancala, backgammon, dice, cards

Kriegspiel

Cold War games

Digital

Spacewar

Zork to IF boom (1980s)

1990s rebirth

Gaming in 2008 Physical platforms Console Cell phone PSP Extended forms (DDR) New forms: Wii PC CD, DVD Browser Downloadable … And these can be combined

Physical platforms

Console

Cell phone

PSP

Extended forms (DDR)

New forms: Wii

PC

CD, DVD

Browser

Downloadable

… And these can be combined

Size: huge (WoW: 10 million subscribers, January 2008) Player range: genders, classes, nations Interface, device driver Eve Online, from site

Size: huge

(WoW: 10 million subscribers, January 2008)

Player range: genders, classes, nations

Interface, device driver

Growing content diversity Current events (Kumawar) Political argument (September 12th, FoodForce) Religious gaming (Left Behind: Eternal Forces, 2006) Literary gaming (Kafkamesto, 2006) (BBC Climate Challenge; Ayiti: both 2007-present)

Growing content diversity

Current events (Kumawar)

Political argument (September 12th, FoodForce)

Religious gaming (Left Behind: Eternal Forces, 2006)

Literary gaming (Kafkamesto, 2006)

Genres First-person shooter Puzzle Platform jumper Strategy “ Adventure” Sports Minigame (Koster fractals) New forms Katamari Portal Augmented reality games

First-person shooter

Puzzle

Platform jumper

Strategy

“ Adventure”

Sports

Minigame (Koster fractals)

New forms

Katamari

Portal

Augmented reality games

Economics of games Who creates games? Businesses Governments Nonprofits Amateurs Scales Large games $millions EA, Microsoft Modding Back to Doom, hacking, View Source Neverwinter Nights Casual games Other economics Gambling Gold farming Currency trading

Who creates games?

Businesses

Governments

Nonprofits

Amateurs

Scales

Large games

$millions

EA, Microsoft

Modding

Back to Doom, hacking, View Source

Neverwinter Nights

Casual games

Other economics

Gambling

Gold farming

Currency trading

Offshoot: machinima Tools Counterstrike, Halo Second Life The Movies Art movement Machinima Academy of Arts and Sciences ( http://www.machinima.org/ ) (Koulamata, “The French Democracy”, 2006)

Tools

Counterstrike, Halo

Second Life

The Movies

Art movement

Machinima Academy of Arts and Sciences ( http://www.machinima.org/ )

Virtual worlds “’ Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts. A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system…” Antecedents, early digital: science fiction 1984: William Gibson, Neuromancer 1992: Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash - Neuromancer

“’ Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts. A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system…”

Antecedents, digital: the MUD, Adventure (1970s-present) (LambdaMOO, 1990-present)

Antecedents, digital: the MUD, Adventure (1970s-present)

Antecedents, predigital: Theater of Memory (from Philippe Codognet, http://webia.lip6.fr/~codognet/ )

Antecedents, predigital: Theater of Memory

Avatar spaces -Activeworlds -Atmospheres -There (Activeworlds, 1995-present; image via www.virtualworldlets.net )

Avatar spaces

-Activeworlds

-Atmospheres

-There

-Habbo Hotel -Cyworld (Club Penguin, 2005-present) 2d-3d worlds -Runescape -VMK

-Habbo Hotel

-Cyworld

Google Earth -Keyhole DB -2d: KML -3d: Sketchup -reach -Geotagging photos: videos Mirror worlds

Augmented Reality “ Human Pacman,” Adrian David Cheok, circa 2005 -mobile devices game players general use tools -science fiction explores (Vernor Vinge, Rainbows End )

“ Human Pacman,” Adrian David Cheok, circa 2005

Interactive Fiction Speaking of text adventures: 1980s boom: Infocom Ongoing art form Nick Montfort, Twisty Little Passages (“Dead Cities”, from Lovecraft Commonplace Book project 2007 http:// www.illuminatedlantern.com/if/games/lovecraft / )

Speaking of text adventures:

1980s boom: Infocom

Ongoing art form

Nick Montfort, Twisty Little Passages

Interactive Fiction Speaking of text adventures: Inform 7, free IF editor (Richard Liston, Ursinus College, classroom example 2008)

Speaking of text adventures:

Inform 7, free IF editor

Narrative Where is storytelling in a game? Sequence of activities Cut-scene or cinematic Writerly player Encyclopedia world (Murray, Manovich) Ludology vs. narratology Linearity? Game on rails Branching outcomes Multilinear Open-ended

Where is storytelling in a game?

Sequence of activities

Cut-scene or cinematic

Writerly player

Encyclopedia world (Murray, Manovich)

Ludology vs. narratology

Linearity?

Game on rails

Branching outcomes

Multilinear

Open-ended

Alternate reality games Permeability of game boundary (space and time) Focus on distributed, collaborative cognition Increased ephemerality (Perplex City, 2003-2006)

Permeability of game boundary (space and time)

Focus on distributed, collaborative cognition

Increased ephemerality

Political ARGs (ex: World Without Oil , May 2007) ()

Political ARGs (ex: World Without Oil , May 2007)

Gaming and education “Video games… situate meaning in a multimodal space through embodied experiences to solve problems and reflect on the intricacies of the design of imagined worlds and the design of both real and imagined social relationships and identities in the modern world.”

“Video games… situate meaning in a multimodal space through embodied experiences to solve problems and reflect on the intricacies of the design of imagined worlds and the design of both real and imagined social relationships and identities in the modern world.”

21-century boom James Paul Gee (author of preceding quote) Marc Presnsky Henry Jenkins John Seely Brown Mia Consalvo Constance Steinkuehler Kurt Squire

James Paul Gee (author of preceding quote)

Marc Presnsky

Henry Jenkins

John Seely Brown

Mia Consalvo

Constance Steinkuehler

Kurt Squire

James Paul Gee’s argument Semiotic domains; tranference Embodied action and feedback Projective identity Edging the regime of competence (Vygotsky) Probe-reprobe cycle Social learning (roles; consumption-production)

Semiotic domains; tranference

Embodied action and feedback

Projective identity

Edging the regime of competence (Vygotsky)

Probe-reprobe cycle

Social learning (roles; consumption-production)

Gee on Rise of Nations “Fish tank” tutorial Strategic self-assessment

“Fish tank” tutorial

Strategic self-assessment

Multimedia literacies Gee: multimodal principle Selfe et al : multimodal literacy Bogost: procedural rhetoric Dean for American game (2004) Archived at http://www.deanforamericagame.com/play.html

Gee: multimodal principle

Selfe et al : multimodal literacy

Bogost: procedural rhetoric

Multimedia literacies “… within games, there are in fact multitudes of literacy practices – games are full of text, she asserted, to say nothing of the entirely text-based fandom communities online that take place in forums, blogs and social networks.” Constance Steinkuehler, FuturePlay 2007, Toronto Quoted in http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story =16264

“… within games, there are in fact multitudes of literacy practices – games are full of text, she asserted, to say nothing of the entirely text-based fandom communities online that take place in forums, blogs and social networks.”

Constance Steinkuehler,

FuturePlay 2007, Toronto

Quoted in http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story =16264

Which educational theory? Ian Bogost: behaviorist versus constructivist Issues summoned up: Media effect (violence) Transfer across domains, platforms “ Simulation gap” Subjectivity and assessment Image from Scot Osterweil, presentation to Learning from Video Games: Designing Digital Curriculums (NERCOMP SIG , 2007)

Ian Bogost: behaviorist versus constructivist

Issues summoned up:

Media effect (violence)

Transfer across domains, platforms

“ Simulation gap”

Subjectivity and assessment

Pedagogical functions Jason Mittell, Middlebury college: Skills Simulations Politics (criticism, activism) Media studies (psych, cultural studies, media) NITLE brownbag, January 2008

Jason Mittell, Middlebury college:

Skills

Simulations

Politics (criticism, activism)

Media studies (psych, cultural studies, media)

NITLE brownbag, January 2008

Pedagogy: virtual worlds Ancient Spaces project, University of British Columbia Machu Picchu, Arts Metaverse, Open Croquet

Ancient Spaces project, University of British Columbia

Pedagogy: virtual worlds Second Life, Bryan Zelmanov Pedagogy: social software “ Emotional bandwidth” (Linden Labs) Social presence Self-expression

Second Life,

Bryan Zelmanov

Pedagogy: social software

“ Emotional bandwidth” (Linden Labs)

Social presence

Self-expression

Game studies Serious Games Conferences Scholarly articles and books (MIT Press) Games Learning Society conference, http://www.glsconference.org/2008/index.html

Serious Games

Conferences

Scholarly articles and books (MIT Press)

Games Learning Society conference, http://www.glsconference.org/2008/index.html

Game studies Liberal arts instances Aaron Delwiche, Trinity (image) Christian Spielvogel, Hope Harry Brown, Depauw

Liberal arts instances

Aaron Delwiche, Trinity (image)

Christian Spielvogel, Hope

Harry Brown, Depauw

III. Mobile All of Web 2.0, just more so Ambient Accelerating Annotating http://www.phonebashing.com/

All of Web 2.0, just more so

Ambient

Accelerating

Annotating

(Found on BBC site, June 2005) The problem of the American situation

(Found on BBC site, June 2005)

Pedagogical elements Information on demand Time usage changes Class/world barrier reduction Mobile, multimedia, social research Personal intimacy with units Spatial mapping Swarming

Pedagogical elements

Information on demand

Time usage changes

Class/world barrier reduction

Mobile, multimedia, social research

Personal intimacy with units

Spatial mapping

Swarming

Pedagogies: new forms John Schott, Carleton College, 2006; University of Umea, 2004

Pedagogies: new forms

Challenges Platform profusion Walled gardens Network limitations Student privacy Faculty/staff privacy Copyright poaching (Blackbelt Jones, November 2007; Open Handset Alliance)

Challenges

Platform profusion

Walled gardens

Network limitations

Student privacy

Faculty/staff privacy

Copyright poaching

(Blackbelt Jones,

November 2007;

Open Handset Alliance)

National Institute for Technology and Liberal Education (NITLE) http://nitle.org Liberal Education Today blog http://b2e.nitle.org