This document provides an overview of patent law concepts in India, including inventor incentives, patentability requirements, and exclusions. It defines patentable subject matter and exclusions under Indian law. Examples are given to illustrate assessments of a "new form of a known substance" and "enhanced efficacy" under Section 3(d) of the Indian Patents Act. Relevant case citations are also listed. The document is authored by Dr. Kalyan C. Kankanala and intended for private use regarding Indian patent law.