Blake Lapthorn green breakfast seminar - Waste Or Resource

Waste - or Resource? James Astor 17th March 2010

Agenda • Introduction • Linking UK waste strategy with: – Energy security – Climate Change • Regulatory drivers • Recycling technologies • Case study: Oxfordshire

Agrivert • Recycling organic material for 17 years • Designed & built 11 recycling sites between 2002-2008 – in 2008 these sites recycled over 300,000 tonnes organic material – spread product over 30,000 acres – Relationships with over 200 farmers

Energy security • North Sea gas reserves in decline • “Dirty” coal fired power stations being decommissioning • Remaining Magnox nuclear stations closed by 2015

Project Discovery • Ofgem’s investigation into future security of supply from existing market arrangements over the coming decade • Verdict: Lights may go out in 2015 • Impact: Drive for more local generation capacity, independent of imports

Climate change The world is warming up because of the increase in GHG emissions This is bad There is no international consensus on what to do about it That is bad too

CC and the EU • Some steps agreed to reduce GHG emissions within the EU • Regulation introduced to drive: – Greater energy efficiency – Greener energy generation: • Electricity • Heat Focus on • Transport renewables More embedded power

CC and organic waste • Organic waste in landfill generates methane as it decomposes • Methane is a very powerful greenhouse gas • To reduce overall emissions, reduce the amount of organic waste in landfill

UK organic waste levels Million tonnes Municipal Commercial Total and Industrial Kitchen/food 6.1 5.7 11.8 Garden 6.4 4.2 10.6 Other 0 2.6 2.6 Total 12.5 12.5 25 Agricultural manures and slurries account for a further 90 million tonnes Source: WRAP: Realising the value of organic waste, April 2008

Bringing it together Regulatory drivers Investment required Market solutions Organic Waste Organic Waste Organic Waste Recycling Recycling Recycling •EU Landfill Directive £9-11bn in new •UK Waste & infrastructure to IVC Emissions Trading enable UK councils Bill to meet their 2020 EfW •Landfill Tax landfill targets (New Pyrolosis •Animal By-Products Energy Finance) Gasification Regulations AD Biomass / Wind Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Solar / Tidal Renewable •EU 2020 Climate & £100bn in new Energy Energy Targets generating capacity •UK Renewable required to meet Obligation Order (2 UK’s 2020 ROCS to 2027) renewable targets (BERR)

Collection and disposal – the trade off

Ardley landfill Traditionally the cheapest route: •One black bin in homes •One collection vehicle •Low disposal costs

The waste hierarchy PREFERRED

Uncle Bulgaria

Energy from waste • Cheap collection • Expensive disposal • Planning issues – NIMBY – NIMTOO

Materials recycling, Cambodia Waste dump, Phnom Penh

Materials recycling, Bow • Bywaters MRF • Opened 2009 • Cost: £7m • Servicing commercial and municipal clients • Increases recycling rates • Diverts materials from landfill

Organic recycling technologies • Composting (green waste only) • In vessel composting (food and green waste) • Anaerobic digestion (food waste, farm slurries) Garden waste Food waste Composting IVC AD

Oxfordshire Plants

Ardley IVC

IVC, Ardley Commissioned February 2010 Capacity: 35,000 tonnes of commingled waste per year

Yarnton AD

Anaerobic digestion process Food Wastes HEAT Energy Crops Anaerobic Gas Slurries Digester Engine ELECTRICITY Organic waste DIGESTATE Benefits: Diversion from Reduction in N fertiliser use Carbon positive landfill of ABP and Methane capture. Renewable energy non ABP organic Cost savings to farmers. CHP biomass fuel (tbc) waste

Domestic biogas plant, India

Cooking with biogas, Nepal

Cyangugu, Rwanda

Yarnton AD construction

Digestate/compost management Significant additional environmental benefits if successfully recycled to land Significant commercial downside if mismanaged

HANK Y U

Blake Lapthorn green breakfast seminar - Waste Or Resource

by Blake Lapthorn on Mar 17, 2010

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