2008 CSUCI BIOL503 Ethics Part4: Body Parts And Organs (56 slides)

Slide 1: Ethics: Part 4, Body Parts Biotechnology Law and Regulation CSUCI, Biol 503, Spring 2008 K. Pessin Spring 2008 CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 1

Slide 2: Ethics: Body parts and organs “Tissue-Industrial Complex”   Property rights in body parts  Patient samples  Selling your kidney or other organs CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 2 Spring 2008

Slide 3: Ethics: Body parts and organs The “tissue- industrial complex” http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR954/index.html Handbook of Human Tissue Sources A National Resource of Human Tissue Samples By: Elisa Eiseman, Jasen J. Castillo CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 3 Spring 2008

Slide 4: Ethics: Body parts and organs http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/reposit.htm CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 4 Spring 2008

Slide 5: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://www.medindia.net/news/view_news_main.asp?x=13057 8/5/06 CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 5 Spring 2008

Slide 6: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs + + = CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 6 Spring 2008

Slide 7: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 7 Spring 2008

Slide 8: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Mary Mussen, killing : infanticide, 26th May, 1757. Prosecutor “She was my servant. I was the first one on the scene to see the infant with its throat slit. I was shocked!” Defendant, 24 year old servant, convicted of infanticide. Sentence: execution; dissected and anatomized. http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/html_units/1750s/t17570526-22.html Anatomizing an executed prisoner CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 8 Spring 2008

Slide 9: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Anatomical manikin. France, Germany and Italy, ca. 1500-1700. Carved ivory http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/dreamanatomy/da_g_Y-2.html CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 9 Spring 2008

Slide 10: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://video.on.nytimes.com/ifr_main.jsp?nsid=a332ced11:10cef73755d:-4482&fr_story=6841b05c2d06d442865d2ee3ee540dcaf1aee99e&st=1155070239265&mp=FLV&cpf=fa CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 10 Spring 2008

Slide 11: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Body Donor remark: (Date of birth: 07/16/1985, female) “My greatest hope with Plastination is that in the event I contribute nothing in life, I may do so in death. . .” http://www.mediasmm.org/donor_comments.php CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 11 Spring 2008

Slide 12: Quiz Quiz seal http://www.arariogallery.co.kr/exhibition/exhibition.php?Page=1&code_up=&word= CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 12 Spring 2008

Slide 13: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs “A corpse has no value. . .” 3 Edward Coke, Institutes of the Laws of England 203 (1644) CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 13 Spring 2008

Slide 14: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs The tissue-industrial complex rules: 1. Without other instructions or laws, your heirs are permitted to dispose of your body once you die, but otherwise have no control over your body parts. 2. Without a contract otherwise, while you’re alive, you have no property rights in your body parts once they are removed from your body. CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 14 Spring 2008

Slide 16: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov:8080/isysnative/RDpcT3BpbnNcT1BOXDA1LTEzMDUtY3Zfb3BuLnBkZg==/0 CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 16 Spring 2008

Slide 17: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs My dear husband just died. Here, his best friend, take his kidney, my gift to you. This kidney’s no good. Give me his other one. Wife gifts dead husband’s kidneys to husband’s best friend. First kidney is no good. Second kidney is already given away. Friend sues organ donor network for theft of kidney. http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov:8080/isysnative/RDpcT3BpbnNcT1BOXDA1LTEzMDUtY3Zfb3BuLnBkZg==/05-1305-cv_opn.pdf Photos of people for illustration, not the parties involved CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 17 Spring 2008

Slide 18: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs “A corpse has no value.. .” Photos of people for illustration, not the parties involved http://www.courts.state.ny.us/ctapps/decisions/dec06/106opn06.pdf Appellate Courts: Robert Colavito had no property right to Peter Lucia's kidney and the New York Organ Donor Network legally gave it to another patient. http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov:8080/isysnative/RDpcT3BpbnNcT1BOXDA1LTEzMDUtY3Zfb3BuLnBkZg==/05-1305-cv_op CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 18 Spring 2008

Slide 19: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs How to be a player in the body sample market  Have a rare disease, something which researchers would want  Get the names of the big researchers, and call them offering up your body  samples Get a contract for payment before you give a tissue sample  Example: Ted Slavin - a regular guy  Found out he had hepatitis B, and over-produced antibodies  Sold his own blood for $10/milliliter  Also called Nobel laureate Baruch S. Blumberg, and offered up his blood for free  – and hepatitis vaccine was created. = For more information, see, “Taking the least of you”, by Rebecca Skloot, NYT Magazine April 16, 2006 CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 19 Spring 2008

Slide 20: Ethics: Body parts and organs Court: Patients gifted the samples to the university under Missouri law, so University owns the samples not the patients. CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 20 Spring 2008

Slide 21: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs National Institute of Health: “We spent $6.45 MM on patient spinal fluid samples and you gave them to Pfizer to collect a $612,000 consulting fee?” http://energycommerce.house.gov/108/home/staff%20report.pdf CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 21 Spring 2008

Slide 22: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Chicago School Economists: Change laws to allow sale of body parts. Reduces cost of live kidney from $100,000 to about $10,000 Eliminates black market Stops death due to wait list for altruistic donors. CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 22 Spring 2008

Slide 23: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/15.04/start_page7.html CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 23 Spring 2008

Slide 25: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://www.organdonor.gov/ CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 25 Spring 2008

Slide 26: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Becker, G.S. and J.J. Elias, Introducing Incentives in the Market for Live and Cadaveric Organ Donations, University of Chicago, 2002 CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 26 Spring 2008

Slide 27: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://www.optn.org/latestData/rptData.asp CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 27 Spring 2008

Slide 30: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8173039 CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 30 Spring 2008

Slide 31: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Iran has the cheapest kidneys. Prisoner organs? Per Amnesty International, Iran imposes the death sentence on children. http://web.amnesty.org/pages/irn-090205-action-eng Becker, G.S. and J.J. Elias, Introducing Incentives in the Market for Live and Cadaveric Organ Donations, University of Chicago, 2002 CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 31 Spring 2008

Slide 32: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020830/world.htm Indian doctor faces probe Offers to supply human organs *** When asked if a donor could be found in Britain, Dr Makkar said: “Asian donors are available here, I’ll find them. I know the consultant who is in Guy’s Hospital. We’ll get one from somewhere or other.” Dr Bhagat Singh Makkar He was then recorded as saying it would be cheaper and easier to find donors in India. “I mean in south India, like in Mumbai, Hyderabad, the donor will be less expensive than Punjab. There are plenty of poor people in these cities.” CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 32 Spring 2008

Slide 34: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Portrait: A Land  Ravaged by Tsunami and Kidney Brokers 05.08.07 | 12:00 AM  These women in  Ernavoor have sold their kidneys to brokers who paid them only a fraction of the amount promised. Photo: Scott Carney  CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 34 Spring 2008

Slide 35: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Portrait: A Land Ravaged  by Tsunami and Kidney Brokers 05.08.07 | 12:00 AM  The first reports of  organized gangs of kidney brokers came out of Ernavoor. Photo: Scott Carney  CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 35 Spring 2008

Slide 36: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Portrait: A Land Ravaged  by Tsunami and Kidney Brokers 05.08.07 | 12:00 AM  This small pool of water in  the Ernavoor slum serves as a waste disposal site as well as a swimming pool and water source. Photo: Scott Carney  CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 36 Spring 2008

Slide 37: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Portrait: A Land Ravaged by  Tsunami and Kidney Brokers 05.08.07 | 12:00 AM  Rani sold her kidney to pay for her  daughter's medical bills. Complications following the surgery have prevented her from working, and the organ broker paid her only $900 of $3,500 promised. She complains of constant pain in her side from where the surgeons removed her organ. Photo: Scott Carney  CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 37 Spring 2008

Slide 38: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Portrait: A Land Ravaged  by Tsunami and Kidney Brokers 05.08.07 | 12:00 AM  Rani's 8-inch scar is  evidence of her kidney surgery. She says she still feels pain two years after surgery as a result of insufficient care following the operation. Photo: Scott Carney  CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 38 Spring 2008

Slide 39: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Portrait: A Land Ravaged  by Tsunami and Kidney Brokers 05.08.07 | 12:00 AM  Devaki Hospital is under  investigation for allegedly performing illegal kidney transplants. Photo: Scott Carney  CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 39 Spring 2008

Slide 42: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Rumors of South American street children being killed for their organs. http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/biotech/organswatch/pages/hot_spots.html Organ Watch: Human rights organization. CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 42 Spring 2008

Slide 44: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://en.epochtimes.com/tools/printer.asp?id=63050 CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 44 Spring 2008

Slide 45: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Redefine “death” Not brain-dead, but ripe for transplant “The pool of available organs in the US could increase by 20 per cent if donation after cardiac death was widely adopted” http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125633.400-not-braindead-but-ripe-for-transplant.html 04 August 2006 Exclusive from New Scientist Print Edition. Rachel Nowak Linda Geddes CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 45 Spring 2008

Slide 47: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs Private party transfers An Eagle Rock woman who lost 145 pounds donated her excess skin to help other patients. http://www.nbc4.tv/slideshow/health/9646113/detail.html?qs=1;s=1;dm=ss;p=health;w=400 Private party sale: Finger used to satisfy $50 debt. http://www.lifesharers.org/ CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 47 Spring 2008

Slide 49: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/387355.stm CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 49 Spring 2008

Slide 50: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://www.topix.net/forum/health/diabetes/TVM97FIB2H1R84H1K CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 50 Spring 2008

Slide 51: Ethics: Body Parts and Organs http://cbs4.com/local/local_story_202104816.html http://cbs4.com/local/local_story_202104816.html CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 51 Spring 2008

Slide 53: Quiz  Should poor people be permitted to legally and safely sell their body parts? CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 53 Spring 2008

Slide 54: Quiz A woman is in a persistent vegetative state. Her  soon-to-be-ex husband has written permission to end all life support. His soon-to-be new wife needs a kidney. She has given birth to his child, who is now an infant. Should he also be permitted to decide if the first wife’s kidney should be donated? Discuss. CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 54 Spring 2008

Slide 55: Quiz Should organ donation be  commercialized? CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 55 Spring 2008

Slide 56: END Ethics: Part 4, Body Parts and Organs Next: Biotechnology law and regulation 1.5 Bioethics: Biology and Behavior CSUCI 2008 Biol 503 K. Pessin Spring 2008 CSUCI2008 KPBiol503 56

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