5. WHAT ARE GREEN
BUILDINGS
“Green” Buildings are high
performance structures that
also meet certain standards
for reducing natural resource
consumption
6. Green” or “Sustainable” buildings are
characterized by:
efficient management of energy
and water resources
management of material resources
and waste
restoration and protection of
environmental quality
enhancement and protection of
health and indoor environmental
quality
reinforcement of natural systems
8. GREEN BUILDING MATERIAL
Green building materials are
composed of renewable,
rather than nonrenewable
resources. Green materials are
environmentally responsible
because impacts are
considered over the life of the
product
9. DECISION MAKING
STEPS
Problem Recognition
Information Gathering
Principles for Judging Alternatives
Brainstorm and Analyze different choices
Evaluation of Alternatives
Select the best option
Execute the decision
Evaluate the results
12. PROBLEM RECOGNITION
The major problem is the choice
of the construction material
that creates less pollution, less
disruption of ecosystem, less
consumption of energy.
13. It must be:
Reliable
Durable
Easily available
Environmental friendly
14. The decision of the selection of
such material often involves:
Multiple criteria.
Multiple stakeholders.
Quantifying multiple criteria in
monetary terms.
Attractive alternative with
significant quantitative analysis
16. INFORMATION GATHERING
Selection of suitable green building
material options can be influenced and
determined by numerous preconditions,
factors and considerations.
For such purpose adequate information
related to the essential factors or
variables effecting the decisions in the
choice of materials is collected and
gathered.
17. In this stage, wide range of research and
information is reviewed to:
Examine impacts of current procedures used
for selecting locally-sourced or recycled
building materials on overall performance of
buildings.
Identify gaps and problems with previous
research in the area of material-selection tools
or systems developed for green buildings.
Learn from strengths and weaknesses of the
expert systems, especially developed to
manage the material-selection process.
18. GRAPH SHOWING EXTENT OF
PARTICIPANTS’ AWARENESS OF EXISTING
SYSTEMS FOR GREEN BUILDING MATERIAL
20. INFORMATION GATHERING
For assessing building material
sustainability the information regarding
the following framework of factors is
collected:
Information regarding the general site
factors is collected.
The concerned Environmental and
health factors are determined.
The sensorial factors are taken into
consideration.
21. The related socio cultural factors
are analyzed.
The cost and economic value of
the material is evaluated.
The technical factors are also
considered in the selection of
material.
25. PRINCIPLES FOR JUDGING
THE ALTERNATIVES
In this step the base line criteria for judging the
alternatives is set up. Some of the key principles
for judging the alternatives are as follows:
a) Cost effective
b) Environmental friendly
c) Ensure energy conservation
d) Maintain Indoor Environmental Quality
e) Ensure water Quality and Conservation
f) High capacity and durable
29. EVALUATION OF
ALTERNATIVES
Clay bricks
This is an unfired clay brick,
commonly used in cobwork.
They can be used for non-
loadbearing walls or infills in
lumber-frame constructions.
33. CONS
Extreme weather may cause
degradation of the surface due to frost
damage
Services of a qualified structural
engineer may be required.
Brick adds a lot of weight to the
foundation.
Lower tensile strength
34. STEEL
Steel
A steel building is a metal structure
fabricated with steel for the internal
support and for exterior cladding.
Steel buildings are used for a variety
of purposes including storage, work
spaces and living accommodation.
36. PROS
Steel is a "green" product as
it is 100% recyclable
Design flexibility
Easy to Install
37. CONS
Heat conductivity
Steel conducts heat 310 times
more efficiently than wood.
Subjected to corrosion
Faulty design leads to the
corrosion of iron and steel in
buildings.
38. HEMP BLOCK
Hemp block
Hempcrete is a bio-composite
base material consists of fibers
from the hemp plant mixed
with sand and lime.
41. PROS
Lightweight cementitious material
Best insulating material
weighing about a 7th or 8th of the weight
of concrete.
Repellent to white ants and fire ants
Discouraging the growth of mold
Renewable Resource
Rapid growth of fiber without fertilizer
42. CONS
It’s carbon negative because it
sequesters carbon when used as a
building material.
it’s not loadbearing
A frame is required to carry the loads
Transportation Cost
Environmental cost
Environmental footprints
43. TIMBER
Wood is a product of trees, and
sometimes other fibrous plants.
It is used for construction purposes
when cut or pressed into lumber and
timber, such as boards, planks and
similar materials.
Wood has been used as a building
material for thousands of years in its
natural state.
45. PROS
Used to make floors, walls,
supports and roof frames
High Strength
Easy to work with
Versatile
Potentially renewable
Biodegradable
46. CONS
Some timber is non-
renewable
Treated with toxic chemicals
Causes deforestation
It is not Eco-friendly
47. COMPRESSED EARTH
BLOCK
Compressed earth block
A compressed block out of an appropriate mix
of:
a. Dry inorganic soil
b. Non-expansive clay
c. Aggregate
d. Cement
Traditional blocks of this nature, such as
adobe blocks, were sun-dried, but modern
versions are mechanically compressed.
49. PROS
Provide a source of employment
Non-toxic protection
Don’t off gas VOCs
Sound resistant
Fire resistant
Insect resistant
Mold resistant
51. CONS
Slower to build with, when
compared to wood construction.
52. EXTRUDED EARTH BLOCK
Extruded earth block
Theses are the unfired molded
blocks, "extruded," into a
continuous length in a machine,
and then cut into smaller
blocks.
54. PROS
They can be use as an internal
partition walls
They prove to be good acoustic
wall structure
55. CONS
Unfired blocks degrade to mud
when immersed in water
The soil required for Extruded earth
is much sandier than the one for
fired earth
56. Thus the soil is more abrasive and
the machines get damaged at a
much faster rate
They are not cost effective
57. PLASTIC
It is a product of synthetic materials
derived from petrochemicals.
Polymers being used in
construction industry such as:
1. Polyethylene
2. Polypropylene
3. Polyvinyl Chloride
59. PROS
Use to make window frames,
water pipes, floor & wall
coverings etc.
Light weight
Highly durable
Resistant to damp, water and
pests
60. CONS
Made from non-renewable resources
Intensive energy required to produce it
Highly polluting material
Off gas VOC’S
can not be easily degraded and
decomposed
61. CLAY PLASTERBOARD
BLOCK
Clay plasterboard block
It has been made from :
a. Un-fired clay
b. Recycled Dry-wall
It use in the flat orientation for greater
loadbearing strength.
64. Clay plasters regulate relative interior
humidity between 40% to 70%.
By keeping RH between 40% to 70%
research has shown that the likelihood
for airborne infectious bacteria and
virus to survive is the lowest.
Keeping RH between 40 to 60% also
prevents building materials from off
gassing toxins, such as formaldehyde.
66. CONS
It may contains toxic chemicals
It may contains glass fibers
Expensive
Difficult to Repair
Plaster also changes color slightly as it
ages.
68. COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCK
We have decided to use the “compressed earth
block material” for the green building as it has
enormous benefits
Economically feasible
The earth used in the production of the
CEBs is actually subsoil which leaves the
nutrient rich topsoil on the surface.
This healthy topsoil can then, still be
used for agriculture.
71. EXECUTE THE DECISION
Once the Compressed earth block
material is decided to use as a green
building material, we have to execute it
by following a sequence of activities like
taking approval from Environmental
Protection Agency & For execution, we
involve the NGO SECTOR, public
participation and the other relevant sub-
ordinates.
73. Compressed Earth Block has been selected
because of the following reasons:
CEBs use a uniform building
component size.
Rapid construction & No need of
pre-heating before use.
High compressive strength can
easily hold a roof
74. They provide durable and
weather resistant construction
Unskilled labor can be hired for
construction
Environmentally viable.
75. REFERENCES
Ogunkah. I., Yang. J. (2012) Investigating factors affecting
material selection. Buildings. 1-32
Heerwagen. H. J. (2000). Green buildings. Building
research and information. 28 (5). 353-367.
http://www.americanlimetechnology.com/what-is-
hempcrete/
http://www.diynetwork.com/home-improvement/all-
about-green-building-materials/index.html
http://www.readersdigest.com.au/types-of-building-
materials