Towards Language-Oriented Modeling of Complex Systems

Benoit Combemale (Inria & Univ. Rennes 1)
http://people.irisa.fr/Benoit.Combemale
benoit.combemale@irisa.fr
@bcombemale
Towards Language-Oriented Modeling
Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches
Université de Rennes 1
December 4, 2015

Complex Software-Intensive Systems
Software
intensive
systems
- 2Towards Language-Oriented Modeling – B. Combemale (INRIA and Univ. Rennes 1) – December 4, 2015
•  Multi-engineering approach
•  Some forms of domain-speciﬁc modeling
•  Software as integration layer
•  Openness and dynamicity

Aerodynamics
Authorities
Avionics
Safety
Regulations
Airlines
Propulsion
System
Mechanical
Structure
Environmental
Impact
Navigation
Communications
Human-
Machine
Interaction
3
Multiple
concerns,
stakeholders,
tools and methods

4
Aerodynamics
Authorities
Avionics
Safety
Regulations
Airlines
Propulsion
System
Mechanical
Structure
Environmental
Impact
Navigation
Communications
Human-
Machine
Interaction
Heterogeneous
Modeling

"the majority of MDE examples in
our study followed domain-specific
modeling paradigms"
J. Whittle, J. Hutchinson, and M. Rouncefield, “The State of Practice in Model-
Driven Engineering,” IEEE Software, vol. 31, no. 3, 2014, pp. 79–85.

Model-Driven Engineering (MDE)
Jean-Marc Jézéquel, Benoît Combemale et Didier Vojtisek, "Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles : des
concepts a la pratique," Ellipses edition, février 2012
Systems
engineers
A
B
C
language
engineering
process
Experts
Language
Engineers
Application
Final users
systems
engineering
process
Experts
Language
Users
Application
Final
system
Tools & Methods
Engineers
DSML
DSML Tools
Leverage on domain
speciﬁc experience
Development of a
system in the context
of a given domain

Model-Driven Engineering (MDE)
Editors
(textuals, graphicals, …)
Test generators
Simulators
Analyzers
Refactoring
Checkers
(static & dynamics)
Translators
Compilers
Code generators
Etc.
Jean-Marc Jézéquel, Benoît Combemale et Didier Vojtisek, "Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles : des
concepts a la pratique," Ellipses edition, février 2012

J-M. Favre, D. Gasevic, R. Lämmel, and E. Pek. "Empirical language analysis
in software linguistics," In Software Language Engineering, volume 6563 of
LNCS, pages 316–326. Springer, 2011.
"Software languages
are software too"

Software Language Engineering (SLE)
Towards Language-Oriented Modeling – B. Combemale (INRIA and Univ. Rennes 1) – December 4, 2015 - 9
•  Application of systematic, disciplined, and measurable
approaches to the development, deployment, use, and
maintenance of software languages
•  Supported by various kind of "language workbench"
•  Eclipse EMF, xText, Sirius, GEMOC, Papyrus
•  Jetbrain’s MPS
•  MS DSL Tools
•  Etc.
•  Various shapes and ways to implement software languages
•  External, internal or embedded DSLs, Profile, etc.
•  Grammar, metamodel, ontology, etc.
•  More and more literature, a dedicated Intl. conference (ACM SLE,
cf. http://www.sleconf.org)…

Scientific Context
MDE SLE

Scientific Context
MDE SLE
Software-
Intensive
Systems
DSMLs

Research Statement, Challenges and Contributions
?
1

Abstract
Syntax
(AS)
Concrete
Syntax
(CS)
Semantics
Domain
(SD)
Mac
Mas
domain
behaviorsconcurrency
Dynamic
V&V tools
domain
concepts
?
1

xDSML Pattern
xDSML1 Abstract
Syntax
(AS)
Concrete
Syntax
(CS)
Semantics
Domain
(SD)
Mac
Mas
domain
Dynamic
V&V tools
domain
concepts
?
1

xDSML2
xDSML2
xDSML2
xDSML2
xDSML Pattern
xDSML1'
xDSML1
xDSML2
Abstract
Syntax
(AS)
Concrete
Syntax
(CS)
Semantics
Domain
(SD)
Mac
Mas
domain
Dynamic
V&V tools
domain
concepts
4
Aerodynamics
Authorities
Avionics
Safety
Regulations
Airlines
Propulsion
System
Mechanical
Structure
Environmental
Impact
Navigation
Communications
Human-
Machine
Interaction
Heterogeneous
Modeling
?
1
?
2

GEMOC Studio
(DSML coordination)
xDSML2
xDSML2
Melange
(DSML reuse)
xDSML2
xDSML2
xDSML Pattern
xDSML1'
xDSML1
structural/
axiomatic
behavioral
xDSML2
Abstract
Syntax
(AS)
Concrete
Syntax
(CS)
Semantics
Domain
(SD)
Mac
Mas
domain
Dynamic
V&V tools
domain
concepts
4
Aerodynamics
Authorities
Avionics
Safety
Regulations
Airlines
Propulsion
System
Mechanical
Structure
Environmental
Impact
Navigation
Communications
Human-
Machine
Interaction
Heterogeneous
Modeling
?
1
?
2

Outline
1. Tools and methods for xDSML
design and implementation
2. Language globalization for reuse
and coordination

THE XDSML PATTERN
FOR EXECUTABLE METAMODELING
?
1

Execution
functions
Internal data/control event
(e.g., method call, scheduler)
or external (stimuli from env.)
Execution
trace
Execution
state
Domain
model
The xDSML Pattern
Event Definition
MetaModel
EDMM
Domain Definition
MetaModel
DDMM
State Definition
MetaModel
SDMM
<<merge>>
<<merge>>
<<merge>>
Trace Management
MetaModel
TM3
<<import>>
Semantics
Mapping
Semantics
<<triggeredBy>>
<<changes>>
Benoit Combemale, Xavier Crégut, Marc Pantel, "A Design Pattern to Build Executable DSMLs and
associated V&V tools", In APSEC 2012
Benoît Combemale, Xavier Crégut, Pierre-Loïc Garoche, Xavier Thirioux, "Essay on Semantics
Definition in MDE - An Instrumented Approach for Model Verification," In Journal of Software (JSW),
2009

The xDSML Pattern
Event Definition
MetaModel
EDMM
Domain Definition
MetaModel
DDMM
State Definition
MetaModel
SDMM
<<merge>>
<<merge>>
<<merge>>
Trace Management
MetaModel
TM3
<<import>>
Semantics
Mapping
Semantics
<<triggeredBy>>
<<changes>>
•  Mashup of metalanguages (Ecore, OCL,
Kermeta) [Jézéquel et al., SoSyM’14]
•  Efficient OCL checking [Sun et al.,
JOT’15]
•  Domain-specific execution trace
management [Bousse et al.,
MODELS’14, ECMFA’15]
•  Omniscient and multi-dimensional
model debugging [Bousse et al.,
SLE’15]
•  Tracing executions back to a xDSML
[Combemale et al., ECMFA’11]

- 22
ActivityDiagramDebugger
https://github.com/gemoc/activitydiagram
Towards Language-Oriented Modeling – B. Combemale (INRIA and Univ. Rennes 1) – December 4, 2015

- 23
ArduinoDesigner(&Debugger)
https://github.com/gemoc/arduinomodeling
•  Graphical animation
•  Breakpoint definition on model element
•  Multi-dimensional and efficient trace
management
•  Model debugging facilities (incl., timeline,
step backward, stimuli management, etc.)

- 24
ArduinoDesigner(&Debugger)
https://github.com/gemoc/arduinomodeling
•  Graphical animation
•  Breakpoint definition on model element
•  Multi-dimensional and efficient trace
management
•  Model debugging facilities (incl., timeline,
step backward, stimuli management, etc.)
•  Concurrency simulation and formal analysis
Complex software systems
are highly concurrent systems
per se (e.g., IoT, CPS).
Modern platforms
are highly parallel
(e.g., many-core,
GPGPU, distributed
platform).

Reifying Concurrency in xDSML: Limitations
- 25
•  Concurrency remains implicit and ad-hoc in language design
and implementation:
•  Design: implicitly inherited from the meta-language used
•  Implementation: mostly embedded in the underlying execution
environment
•  The lack of an explicit concurrency specification in language
design prevents:
•  leveraging the concurrency concern of a particular domain or platform
•  a complete understanding of the behavioral semantics
•  effective concurrency-aware analysis techniques
•  effective techniques for producing semantic variants
•  analysis of the deployment on parallel architectures

Reifying Concurrency in xDSML: Grand Challenge
- 26
Cross fertilization in languages of
the algorithm theory and the
concurrency theory
Leslie Lamport, “Turing Lecture: The Computer Science of Concurrency: The
Early Years,” Com. ACM, vol. 58, no. 6, 2015, pp. 71–76.
"Concurrency models were generally event-based, and avoided the
use of state. They did not easily describe algorithms or the usual
way of thinking about them based on the standard model."

Reifying Concurrency in xDSML: Approach
- 27
Kermeta
ModHel'X
Abstract
Syntax
(AS)
Concrete
Syntax
(CS)
Mas cs Mas sd
Semantic
Domain
(SD)
Abstract
Syntax
(AS)
Concrete
Syntax
(CS)
MoC
Domain-Speciﬁc
Actions
Mas cs
Benoit Combemale, Cécile Hardebolle, Christophe Jacquet, Frédéric Boulanger, Benoit Baudry, "Bridging
the Chasm between Executable Metamodeling and Models of Computation," In Software Language
Engineering (SLE), 2012.

- 28
Semantics
AS
DSA
MOC
Static
Introduction
Delegation
Pattern
Domain
Model
Exec. function
and data
Concurrency
Model
The MoCC serves as a (family of) scheduler(s) of the execution
functions that manipulate the execution data (i.e. program state)
Benoit Combemale, Cécile Hardebolle, Christophe Jacquet, Frédéric Boulanger, Benoit Baudry, "Bridging
the Chasm between Executable Metamodeling and Models of Computation," In Software Language
Engineering (SLE), 2012.

- 29
Benoit Combemale, Julien Deantoni, Matias Vara Larsen, Frédéric Mallet, Olivier Barais, Benoit Baudry,
Robert France, "Reifying Concurrency for Executable Metamodeling," In Software Language Engineering
(SLE), 2013
Semantics
AS
DSA
MOC
DSE
(Domain Speciﬁc
Event)
• Data
• Control
• Communication
The DSE serve as a mapping from the MOC to the DSA

- 30
Florent Latombe, Xavier Crégut, Benoît Combemale, Julien DeAntoni, Marc Pantel, "Weaving concurrency
in executable domain-specific modeling languages," In Software Language Engineering (SLE), 2015
Semantics
AS
DSA
MOC
DSE
(Domain Speciﬁc
Event)
• Data
• Control
• Communication
The DSEs serve as a protocol between the MOC and the DSA

Reifying Concurrency in xDSML: Contribution
- 31
Model of
Concurrency &
Communication
Domain-Speciﬁc
Actions
Abstract
Syntax
Domain-Speciﬁc
Events

- 32
Model of
Concurrency &
Communication
Domain-Speciﬁc
Actions
Abstract
Syntax
Domain-Speciﬁc
Events
0..*
DSAMoCC
DSE
Concept0..*
Concepts
(from Las)
Execution
Function
(from Ldsa)
Las
Event
(from Lmoc)
Ldsa
Ldse
Lmocc
Event
0..*
* *
Constraint
0..*
0..*
Legend
<<dependsOn>>
<<conformsTo>>
Property
type
1Execution
State
0..*
Execution
Function
0..*
0..*
Ecore
Kermeta
MoccML
GEL/ECL

(executable)
Model
(executable)
Modeling
Language
Metamodeling
Languages
MoccML Kermeta Ecore
MoC.lib.moc
(MoC)
MyDSML
.xtend
(DSA)
MyDSML
.ecore
(AS)
GEL/ECL
DSE4MyDSML
.gel
(MoC<->DSA)
aModel
MyDSML
DSA-AS.jar
MyDSML
Concurrency
Model.mocLegend
code generation
<<dependsOn>>
<<conformsTo>>

TheGEMOCStudio
A Journey Through MDE, DSL and SLE - Benoit Combemale (INRIA and Univ. Rennes 1) - July 2nd, 2015 - 34
http://gemoc.org/studio/
Benoit Combemale, Julien Deantoni, Olivier Barais, Arnaud Blouin, Erwan Bousse, Cédric Brun,
Thomas Degueule and Didier Vojtisek, "A Solution to the TTC'15 Model Execution Case Using the
GEMOC Studio," In 8th Transformation Tool Contest (TTC), 2015. Overall Winner

- 35
ActivityDiagramDebugger
https://github.com/gemoc/activitydiagram

Coping with Semantic Variation Points
Florent Latombe, Xavier Crégut, Julien Deantoni, Marc Pantel, Benoit Combemale, "Coping with
Semantic Variation Points in Domain-Specific Modeling Languages", In EXE@MoDELS 2015.

- 37
J. Whittle, J. Hutchinson, and M. Rouncefield, “The State of Practice in Model-
Driven Engineering,” IEEE Software, vol. 31, no. 3, 2014, pp. 79–85.
"A clear challenge, then,
is how to integrate
multiple DSLs."

Multiplication of DSMLs
Increasing number of
stakeholders and
concerns
- 38
Increasing number of
application domains
4
Aerodynamics
Authorities
Avionics
Safety
Regulations
Airlines
Propulsion
System
Mechanical
Structure
Environmental
Impact
Navigation
Communications
Human-
Machine
Interaction
Heterogeneous
Modeling

ON THE GLOBALIZATION OF MODELING
LANGUAGES
?
2

Globalization of Modeling Languages
- 40
•  DSMLs are developed in an independent manner
to meet the specific needs of domain experts,
•  DSMLs should also have an associated
framework that regulates interactions needed to
support collaboration and work coordination
across different system domains.
Benoit Combemale, Julien DeAntoni, Benoit Baudry, Robert B. France, Jean-Marc Jezequel,
Jeff Gray, "Globalizing Modeling Languages," Computer, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 68-71, June, 2014
68 COMPUTER Published by the IEEE Computer Society 0018-9162/14/$31.00 © 2014 IEEE
COLUMN SECTION TITLESOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES
Coordinating domain-specific modeling languages provides support for
language heterogeneity in software-intensive systems’ development and
runtime management.
I
n the software and sys-
tems modeling community,
domain-specific modeling
language (DSML) research
is focused on providing technolo-
gies for developing languages and
tools that allow domain experts to
develop system solutions efficiently.
Unfortunately, it’s very difficult for
software and systems engineers to
reason about information spread
across models describing different
system aspects because of the cur-
rent lack of support for explicitly
relating concepts expressed in dif-
ferent DSMLs. Here, we describe a
research initiative that broadens
the DSML research focus beyond
independent DSML development
to one that supports globalized
DSMLs—that is, DSMLs that facili-
tate coordination of work across
different domains of expertise.
DOMAIN-SPECIFIC
MODELING LANGUAGES
Model-driven engineering (MDE)
aims to reduce the accidental com-
plexity associated with developing
complex software-intensive systems.1
A primary source of this complex-
ity is the wide gap between the
high-level concepts used by domain
experts to express their specific
needs and the low-level abstrac-
tions provided by general-purpose
programming languages.2 Manually
bridging this gap, particularly in the
presence of changing requirements,
is costly in terms of both time and
effort. MDE approaches this problem
through the use of modeling tech-
niques that support separation of
concerns and automated generation
of major system artifacts (for exam-
ple, test cases and implementations)
from models.
In MDE, a model describes an
aspect of a system and is typically
created for specific development
purposes. Separation of concerns
is supported through the use of dif-
ferent modeling languages, each
providing constructs based on ab-
stractions that are specific to an
aspect of a system. For example, gen-
eralized stochastic Petri nets can be
used to create performance models,
whereas the notation provided by the
Simulink tool is adapted to simula-
tion models. MDE technologies also
provide support for manipulating
models, such as for querying, trans-
forming, merging, and analyzing
(including executing) models. Model-
ing languages are thus at MDE’s core.
Globalizing
Modeling
Languages
Benoit Combemale, Inria and Univerity
of Rennes
Julien DeAntoni, University of Nice
Sophia-Antipolis
Benoit Baudry, Inria
Robert B. France, Colorado State University
Jean-Marc Jézéquel, University of Rennes
Jeff Gray, University of Alabama
r6sof.indd 68 5/22/14 10:47 AM

Globalization of Modeling Languages
- 41
Supporting coordinated use of modeling
languages leads to what we call the globalization
of modeling languages, that is, the use of multiple
modeling languages to support coordinated
development of diverse aspects of a system.
Benoit Combemale, Julien DeAntoni, Benoit Baudry, Robert B. France, Jean-Marc Jezequel,
Jeff Gray, "Globalizing Modeling Languages," Computer, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 68-71, June, 2014
68 COMPUTER Published by the IEEE Computer Society 0018-9162/14/$31.00 © 2014 IEEE
COLUMN SECTION TITLESOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES
Coordinating domain-specific modeling languages provides support for
language heterogeneity in software-intensive systems’ development and
runtime management.
I
n the software and sys-
tems modeling community,
domain-specific modeling
language (DSML) research
is focused on providing technolo-
gies for developing languages and
tools that allow domain experts to
develop system solutions efficiently.
Unfortunately, it’s very difficult for
software and systems engineers to
reason about information spread
across models describing different
system aspects because of the cur-
rent lack of support for explicitly
relating concepts expressed in dif-
ferent DSMLs. Here, we describe a
research initiative that broadens
the DSML research focus beyond
independent DSML development
to one that supports globalized
DSMLs—that is, DSMLs that facili-
tate coordination of work across
different domains of expertise.
DOMAIN-SPECIFIC
MODELING LANGUAGES
Model-driven engineering (MDE)
aims to reduce the accidental com-
plexity associated with developing
complex software-intensive systems.1
A primary source of this complex-
ity is the wide gap between the
high-level concepts used by domain
experts to express their specific
needs and the low-level abstrac-
tions provided by general-purpose
programming languages.2 Manually
bridging this gap, particularly in the
presence of changing requirements,
is costly in terms of both time and
effort. MDE approaches this problem
through the use of modeling tech-
niques that support separation of
concerns and automated generation
of major system artifacts (for exam-
ple, test cases and implementations)
from models.
In MDE, a model describes an
aspect of a system and is typically
created for specific development
purposes. Separation of concerns
is supported through the use of dif-
ferent modeling languages, each
providing constructs based on ab-
stractions that are specific to an
aspect of a system. For example, gen-
eralized stochastic Petri nets can be
used to create performance models,
whereas the notation provided by the
Simulink tool is adapted to simula-
tion models. MDE technologies also
provide support for manipulating
models, such as for querying, trans-
forming, merging, and analyzing
(including executing) models. Model-
ing languages are thus at MDE’s core.
Globalizing
Modeling
Languages
Benoit Combemale, Inria and Univerity
of Rennes
Julien DeAntoni, University of Nice
Sophia-Antipolis
Benoit Baudry, Inria
Robert B. France, Colorado State University
Jean-Marc Jézéquel, University of Rennes
Jeff Gray, University of Alabama
r6sof.indd 68 5/22/14 10:47 AM

Globalization of Modeling Language
- 42
•  Context: new emerging DSML in open world
⇒  impossible a priori unification
⇒  require a posteriori globalization
•  Objective: socio-technical coordination to support interactions
across different system aspects
⇒  Language-based support for technical integration of
multiples domains
⇒  Language-based support for social translucence
•  Community: the GEMOC initiative (cf. http://gemoc.org)
"Globalizing Domain-Specific Languages," Combemale, B., Cheng, B.H.C., France, R.B.,
Jézéquel, J.-M., Rumpe, B. (Eds.). Springer, Programming and Software Engineering,
Vol. 9400, 2015.

Towards Language Interfaces
xDSML2
xDSML1
structural/
axiomatic
behavioral
xDSML3
subtyping
relation
coordination
pattern
Symbolic event structure
(for behavioral coordination)
Model type
(for language reuse)
•  A language interface is a contract that exhibits the relevant
information for a given purpose (i.e., to support specific
composition operators)

MELANGE: MODULAR AND REUSABLE DSML DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION
- 44
Melange
(DSML reuse)
xDSML2
xDSML1
structural/
axiomatic
behavioral
subtyping
relation

- 45
Jim Steel, Jean-Marc Jézéquel,
"On model typing," In Software
and System Modeling
(SoSyM), 2007
•  Rich set of subtyping relationships [Guy et al., ECMFA’12]
•  Support of OCL in subtyping relationships [Sun et al., ECMFA’13]

Reuse is not enough! Context matters!
Imported / inherited DSMLs may not fit exactly
domain-specific requirements
è Finely tune with customization facilities

Modular and Reusable xDSML Development
Thomas Degueule, Benoît Combemale, Arnaud Blouin, Olivier Barais, Jean-Marc Jézéquel, "Melange:
a meta-language for modular and reusable development of DSLs," In Software Language Engineering
(SLE), 2015
MM1
MM2
Sem1
Sem2
L1
L2
L3
L4
«inherit»
«mergeL»
«weave»
«slice»
Metamodel
Semantics
Language
Tooling
Model Type
Binding
«mergeS»
«mergeS»
«weave»
Legacy ArtifactsAssembled DSLs
MT1 MT2
MTi
«impl» «impl»

- 48
A language-based, model-
oriented programming language
MELANGE
http://melange-lang.org

OPEN WORLD
Feature A
Feature B Feature B
F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D F. D
Variability model
L1 L2
L3 L4
L1
L3 L4L2
CLOSED WORLD
Language Manipulation
•  Evolution
•  Extension
•  Restriction
•  Customization
•  Assembly
Variability-based
development model for
DSLs
•  Variability modeling
•  Components-based
languages development
Families of Languages
Variants
Language
derivation
L6
Typing Theory
for Agile Modeling
•  Language interfaces
•  Model polymorphism
•  Viewpoints management
MELANGE
A Journey Through MDE, DSL and SLE - Benoit Combemale (INRIA and Univ. Rennes 1) - July 2nd, 2015 - 49

B-COOL: BEHAVIORAL MODEL COORDINATION
Reifying Concurrency in Language Design and Implementation - B. Combemale (Inria & Univ. Rennes 1) - 50
GEMOC Studio
(DSML coordination)
xDSML1
structural/
axiomatic
behavioral
xDSML3
coordination
pattern

Towards a behavioral coordination of xDSMLs
•  The application of the MOC to a given model results in an event
structure
•  Consequently, the MOC defines a symbolic event structure,
whose some events are mapped to the DSA (i.e., the visible
model state changes)
⇒  This mapping can serve as a behavioral language interface
used to define patterns that coordinate conforming models
Matias Ezequiel Vara Larsen, Julien Deantoni, Benoit Combemale, Frédéric Mallet, "A Behavioral
Coordination Operator Language (BCOoL)," In MODELS 2015

Behavioral Coordination Operator
xDSML
Semantics
AS
DSA
MoCC
DSE
(Domain Speciﬁc
Event)
Event-driven
behavioral interface
Concurrent execution of
homogeneous domain-
speciﬁc models
• Data
• Control
• Communication

xDSML’
xDSML
Semantics
AS
DSA
MoCC
DSE
(Domain Speciﬁc
Event)
• Data
• Control
• Communication
Event-driven
behavioral interface
AS
DSA
MoCC
DSE
Concurrent execution of
heterogeneous domain-
speciﬁc models

Model of
Concurrency &
Communication
Domain-Speciﬁc
Actions
Abstract
Syntax
Domain-Speciﬁc
Events
0..*
DSAMoCC
DSE
Concept0..*
Concepts
(from Las)
Execution
Function
(from Ldsa)
Las
Event
(from Lmoc)
Ldsa
Ldse
Lmocc
Event
0..*
* *
Constraint
0..*
0..*
Legend
<<dependsOn>>
<<conformsTo>>
Property
type
1Execution
State
0..*
Execution
Function
0..*
0..*
Ecore
Kermeta
MoccML
GEL/ECL
Composition
Operator
Composition
Operator
Lcompo
Matching
Rule
Coordination
Rule
B-COoL
Matias Ezequiel Vara Larsen, Julien Deantoni, Benoit Combemale, Frédéric Mallet, "A Behavioral
Coordination Operator Language (BCOoL)," In MODELS 2015

Behavioral Model Coordination
- 56Reifying Concurrency in Language Design and Implementation - B. Combemale (Inria & Univ. Rennes 1)

Behavioral Model Coordination
- 57Reifying Concurrency in Language Design and Implementation - B. Combemale (Inria & Univ. Rennes 1)

CONCLUSION AND
PERSPECTIVES

Conclusion
Contributions to the support of a
language-oriented modeling
with
tools and methods to
implement, reuse and coordinate
xDSMLs and associated V&V tools

Major breakthroughs
•  Modular definition of xDSMLs
•  Reification of the concurrency in xDSMLs
•  Language interfaces for reuse and
behavioral coordination

Perspectives
DSMLs as a key pivot for
the socio-technical coordination
Model Experiencing Environments
for informed decision and broader engagement
in smart technologies
Heuristics-Laws
Scientists
Open Data
Engineers
General Public
Policy Makers
MEEs
("what-if" scenarios)
System Models
Physical Laws
(economic, environmental, social)
Simulation Tool
(incl. constraint solver,
prediction tool, etc.)
Sustainability System
(e.g., smart grid)
Context
sensors actuators
Energy
Production/
Consumption
System
Software
<<controls>><<senses>>
Approximate DSML runtimes
for design space exploration,
runtime adaptation and security
Metamorphic DSMLs
for fitting user needs
static int __rep_queue_filedone(dbenv, rep, rfp)
DB_ENV *dbenv;
REP *rep;
__rep_fileinfo_args *rfp; {
#ifndef HAVE_QUEUE
COMPQUIET(rep, NULL);
COMPQUIET(rfp, NULL);
return (__db_no_queue_am(dbenv));
#else
db_pgno_t first, last;
u_int32_t flags;
int empty, ret, t_ret;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
DB_MSGBUF mb;
#endif
// over 100 lines of additional code
}
#endif
not, and, or, implies
B. Combemale, B. Cheng, A.
Moreira, J.-M. Bruel, J. Gray,
"Modeling for Sustainability,"
SEIS@ICSE 2015 (submitted)
M. Acher, B. Combemale, P. Collet,
"Metamorphic Domain-Specific
Languages: A Journey into the Shapes
of a Language," Onward! Essays 2014

PhD Students:
•  Clément Guy
•  Emmanuelle Rouille
•  Erwan Bousse
•  David Mendez
•  Marcelino Cancio
Main projects: FUI Topcased, ITEA2 OPEES, PICS MBSAR, ANR
GEMOC, BGLE CLARITY, COST MPM4CPS,Ind. contracts with
Thales, Sodifrance, DGA
Software:
•  Melange
•  GEMOC studio
Papers:
•  1 book written, 2 books and
6 proceedings edited
•  4 book chapters
•  13 journal papers
•  57 conferences papers
•  20 workshop papers
General co-chair MODELS’16, PC co-chair SLE’14, founding member of the GEMOC
initiative, EB member of Elsevier journals SCP and COMLAN, SC member of ACM
SLE, organizer of various workshops and seminars (incl. Dasgtuhl).
Software engineers:
•  Vincent Fontanella
•  François Tanguy
•  Fabien Coulon
•  Dorian Leroy
Post-doctoral researchers:
•  Cédric Bouhours
•  José Galindo
"If you believe that language design can significantly
affect the quality of software systems, then it should
follow that language design can also affect the
quality of energy systems. And if the quality of such
energy systems will, in turn, affect the livability of
our planet, then it’s critical that the language
development community give modeling languages
the attention they deserve."
− Bret Victor (Nov., 2015), http://worrydream.com/ClimateChange

DiverSE
Model driven
engineering
Functional
diversity
Language
diversity
Failure
diversity
Execution
diversity

Scientific collaborations

In memory of Prof. Robert B. France,
A mentor, an academic father and far beyond.
Rest in peace, Robert.
http://people.irisa.fr/Benoit.Combemale/tribute-robert-france

Reifying Concurrency in Language Design and Implementation - B. Combemale (Inria & Univ. Rennes 1)
ILE de SEIN
ENEZ-SUN

Towards Language-Oriented Modeling of Complex Systems

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