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NISO Virtual Conference: The Eternal To-Do List: Making Ebooks work in Libraries
The document discusses the transition from print to electronic books in academic library collections. It covers the history of traditional print collection development and use studies, the shift to patron-driven acquisition of print books through interlibrary loan, and the implementation of e-book patron-driven acquisition programs. The document also addresses challenges associated with e-books, such as restrictions on printing and downloading, as well as the future of e-books and potential innovations beyond replicating print books in digital form.
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NISO Virtual Conference: The Eternal To-Do List: Making Ebooks work in Libraries
- 1. E-Books: Promise into Practice SuzanneM. Ward Head, Collection Management Purdue University Libraries West Lafayette, IN
- 2. Outline • Understanding thepast … – Print collection development – Use studies in academic libraries • … to manage the present … – Book collections in transition – Patron-driven acquisitions • … and shape the future. – User-centric collection development – E-book potential • Q & A 2
- 3. Traditional Collection Development Definitionof a library: – Acquire – Organize – Provide access 3
- 4. Librarian as Selector •Knowledge of user population • Education, training, experience • Managed the budget 4
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- 6. Use studies “Some behavioralpatterns of library users: The 80/20 rule.” ~ Richard Trueswell, 1969 6
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- 8. Interlibrary Loan: thetheory Traditional view: Arcane technical reports in obscure languages 8
- 9. Interlibrary Loan: thereality “The overwhelming preponderance of recently published material was obvious.” “Some of this could and should be bought either instead of, or in addition to, borrowing.” ~ Michael Roberts and Kenneth J. Cameron, 1984 9
- 10. ILL/Book Purchase: Early Efforts •Buy selected books after librarian review • Buy if less than borrowing cost • Buy if ILL request fails • Buy if requested multiple times 10
- 11. ILL/Book Purchase Model •Planned & comprehensive • Criteria-driven program • Budgeted • Sustained • Assessed 11
- 12. Early Implementer: Bucknell •Started in 1990 • Bought selected books requested through ILL • Assessment: Successful – Acceptable turnaround time – Reasonable average cost – Inter-unit cooperation with acquisitions – High subsequent circulation rate ~ Jennifer Perdue and James A. Van Fleet, 1999 12
- 13. Late 1990’s • ARLILL cost study – $18.35 (borrower) – $ 9.48 (lender) • Amazon.com – Discounted price – In-stock information – Shipping time – Rapid delivery 13
- 14. Traditional ILL bookloan • Borrow book • A few weeks’ use • Return book NEWIDEA: • Buy book • A few weeks’ use • Keep book 14
- 15. Proposed ILL BookPurchase Model • Establish acquisition parameters • Allocate funds • Purchase book from online bookseller • Lend to ILL patron • Catalog returned book for library ASSUMPTION: A book that one patron needs will also be useful to others. 15
- 16. 2000: Purdue Implements Bookson Demand Criteria for ILL book purchases – Published in the last 5 years – Scholarly – Up to $100 ($150) – In English – Delivery within a week 16
- 17. A rose byany other name … • Patron-driven acquisitions = PDA • Demand-driven acquisitions = DDA 17
- 18. Assessment 18 A Decade ofBooks on Demand (2000-2009) 9,572 books (about $350,000) Average cost: about $38 5-8% of total monographs added/year
- 19. What kinds ofbooks? 19 University presses Academic presses Popular presses University presses 49% Academic presses 38% Popular/Mass market presses 13%
- 20. How do theycirculate? Better than normal. 2000-2009 BoD books: total Circulation CONTROL books Number of books 9,327 141,112 Number of Circulations 38,389 340,121 Average Circulation 4.116 2.410 20
- 21. Circulation Comparison: 2000-2009 •Shelf Sitters • Books on Demand – 9,327 / 1,722 – 18.5% • Librarian-selected – 141,112 / 46,996 – 33.3% 21
- 22. Just-in-Time collection development •Patrons happy with program • Turnaround time acceptable • Project adds relevant titles to collection, especially interdisciplinary titles • Not as effective for sci/tech titles • Subsequent circulation rates justify acquisition 22
- 23. Why is understandingprint PDA important in an e-book world? • Print books are still with us • Patrons are good at requesting books that – Are appropriate – Fill collection gaps – Indicate new areas of interest – Are used again 23
- 24. Print books • Provenproduct • Lost, mis-shelved, stolen • One book, one user • Shelved in one place • Damaged, worn out • Heavy 24
- 25. E-Books: plus • Don’tneed shelf space • 24/7 access • Multiple user access (sometimes) • Fast delivery, instant access • Environmentally correct • Bonus features (sometimes) • Searchable • Downloadable 25
- 26. E-Books: minus • Maybe more expensive than print • Some people prefer print • Broken links • Printing/downloading limits • Potential of vanishing titles/content (subscription) • Reading device issues • Some content may be missing • Resource sharing limitations • Not all titles are available in e-versions 26
- 27. Acquiring e-books • Singlepurchases • Buy e-book packages • Subscribe to e-book plan • Develop e-book PDA program 27
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- 29. E-books are hereto stay Librarians’ challenge: 1. Buy the best mix of print / electronic 2. Buy the best mix of e-titles for the best price 3. Let patrons’ use drive at least some of the purchase choices 29
- 30. E-Book PDA Model •Flexible, customizable • Librarian-defined subject profile with vendor • Records in catalog – Initial load + updates – “Rent” / short-term loans – Buy if used past a certain point 30
- 31. E-Book PDA profile •Build from established profile • De-dup titles already purchased • Drop e-book package publishers • Limit by type / treatment, e.g., test prep, how to, reading level, fiction 31
- 32. Purdue’s PDA plan •11,000 initial title load, 2009+ (3/11) – Drop previously purchased titles – Drop e-book package publishers • 100-200 new titles per week • 3 short-term loans before purchase 32
- 33. Example: Auto-purchase after thethird short-term loan (STL) • Browse = up to 5 minutes without downloading or printing (free) • STL = downloading, printing, etc. OR 5+ minutes • STL cost: usually about 10% of list price • Auto-purchase = list price • True cost of purchased e-book: 3 STLs + list price = 130% of list price 33
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- 35. Purdue Costs, March2011-Feb 2014 35
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- 37. Advantages of e-bookPDA • Librarians set collection profile • Immediate access to a large selection of titles • Pay only for what is used • Seamless updates and acquisitions 37
- 38. Disadvantages of e-bookPDA • Some patrons prefer print • Many titles not available as e-books • Vendor restrictions (printing, downloading) • Resource sharing concerns 38
- 39. The future ….. •Print & electronic books co-exist, ratios change – Patron preference – Publisher changes • Librarians’ role – macro – micro – middle (autopilot) 39
- 40. Innovation, part 1: tendencyto make the new thing look like the old thing 40
- 41. Which one isthe horseless carriage? 41
- 42. The promise ofe-books • Print • Electronic 42
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- 44. What if …..? • Princeton University Press, March 2014. • Print – English – Spanish • EBL, ebrary, EBSCOhost, JSTOR • Kindle (text & audio) • MP3 CD 44
- 45. Possible features? • Color •Animation • Interactive • Links • Filters 45
- 46. Innovation, part 2: theiterative approach 46
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- 48. What’s involved? • Newways of …. • … conceptualizing • … writing • … book production • … pricing • … interacting 48
- 49. Who’s involved? • Authors •Publishers • Third-party suppliers • Librarians • Users – Faculty – Students – Casual reader 49
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