Bishop Kenny NJROTC NS1 Relationships

1. UNIT 2 CHAPTER 4
Relationships
1

2. Building on Respect
Respect for others is the foundation of our
civilized culture.
If you own a dog, If you are in a
you keep it off your library, you don’t
neighbors’ lawn talk loudly out of
out of respect. respect.
2

3. Respect
The attention, regard, and
consideration given to people
and their rights, property, and
ideas
3

4. Respect means accepting
differences—tolerating and valuing
other people and their customs,
culture, attitudes, and beliefs.
4

5. On what foundation does our civilized
culture rest?
A. Trust in ourselves
B. Passion for service
C. Respect for others
D. Education for all
5

6. On what foundation does our civilized
culture rest?
A. Trust in ourselves
B. Passion for service
C. Respect for others
D. Education for all
6

7. Establishing and Demonstrating Mutual
Respect
You may have heard some people say that
“respect is earned.” To be effective, a
leader must earn respect from the
members of his or her group.
7

8. Americans believe
that every human
being has basic,
inherent value and
rights.
8

9. The Declaration of Independence...
"...all men are created equal...with
certain unalienable Rights…"
9

10. This means that people don’t need to “earn”
these things; they are born with them and
cannot justly be deprived of them.
10

11. As a citizen, you are
obliged to respect the
rights of others;
likewise, they as citizens
are obliged to do the
same for you.
11

12. Respect must be returned; it must be mutual.
It is the two-way relationship that develops
after the lines of communication are open and
trust develops between people or groups.
12

13. Supervisor
Police Officer Family
Friends Teacher
Mutual respect is what makes all
relationships run smoothly—between
friends, student and teacher, husband
13
and wife, or any other group of people.

14. What historical document states, “We
hold these truths to be self-evident,
that all Men are created equal”?
A. Preamble to the U.S. Constitution
B. Monroe Doctrine
C. Declaration of Independence
D. Emancipation Proclamation
14

15. What historical document states, “We
hold these truths to be self-evident,
that all Men are created equal”?
A. Preamble to the U.S. Constitution
B. Monroe Doctrine
C. Declaration of Independence
D. Emancipation Proclamation
15

16. People develop respect for others when they
feel that others respect their personal
dignity.
16

17. Personal Dignity
The internal strength that helps
people feel connected,
worthwhile, and valued
17

18. Personal dignity is closely linked to a
person’s self-worth. A lack of respect
breaks down personal dignity.
18

19. A breakdown of respect leads to a number
of negative social behaviors, including:
• Crime
• Substance • Child
abuse neglect
• Family
disruption
• Political • Suicide
discontent
19

20. Respect is a powerful
force, and a society
cannot function if its
members do not
establish and practice
mutual respect.
20

21. Can you think of any
examples of societies
or groups in which a
lack of mutual respect
led to upheaval or
disaster?
21

22. When a person experiences the
strength that comes from feeling
connected, worthwhile, and valued,
he/she has _______.
A. personal dignity
B. mutual respect
C. inherent rights
D. tolerance for others
22

23. When a person experiences the
strength that comes from feeling
connected, worthwhile, and valued,
he/she has _______.
A. personal dignity
B. mutual respect
C. inherent rights
D. tolerance for others
23

24. Ways of Showing Respect
The easiest way to show respect is simply
to be courteous or use your manners.
24

25. Showing respect can be as simple as saying:
• “Please” when you ask for something
• “Thank you” when you receive something
• “Excuse me” if you accidentally bump into
someone
• “Yes (or no) sir” or “Yes (or no) ma’am” to
adults
• “Good morning” or “Good afternoon,”
especially to people older than you are.
25

26. Other examples of personal respect include:
• Holding the door for an elderly person or a
child
• Standing when an older person enters the
room
• Not interrupting people
• Not using a cell phone while you’re
conversing with someone face-to-face
26

27. Other examples of personal respect include:
• Not chewing gum or eating loudly while
conversing with someone
• Taking off your hat or cap when you’re
indoors
• Taking off a glove before you shake
someone’s hand
• Removing your sunglasses before
speaking to someone.
27

28. You show respect on a professional as well
as personal basis by:
• Dealing with people in a cooperative way
• Communicating clearly
• Listening actively
• Giving constructive feedback
• Being flexible
• Creating opportunities to teach and learn
28

29. You show respect on a professional as well
as personal basis by:
• Sharing behaviors and feelings
• Viewing situations as win-win scenarios
• Using inclusive language (for example,
saying “we” instead of “you” or “they”).
29

30. To show respect on a personal level,
you can simply _______.
A. adapt to the situation
B. refrain from talking
C. imitate another person
D. use your manners
30

31. To show respect on a personal level,
you can simply _______.
A. adapt to the situation
B. refrain from talking
C. imitate another person
D. use your manners
31

32. Is it respectful or disrespectful to wear
your sunglasses when talking to
someone?
A. Respectful
B. Disrespectful
32

33. Is it respectful or disrespectful to wear
your sunglasses when talking to
someone?
A. Respectful
B. Disrespectful
33

34. The Values of Tolerance and Understanding
Tolerance means understanding and
standing up for people’s differences and
helping ensure that everyone receives
34
equal treatment.

35. Tolerance
Respect for people’s differences
and values
35

36. You might say tolerance and mutual respect
are like a two-way street. The traffic moves
both ways: You show tolerance for others and
they show tolerance for you.
36

37. You may encounter barriers which will hinder
your ability to live and perform in a mutually
respectful environment. Among these barriers
are:
• Prejudice
• Discrimination
• Failure to value
diversity
37

38. What term is used to refer to respect
for people’s differences and values?
A. Diversity
B. Tolerance
C. Equality
D. Allegiance
38

39. What term is used to refer to respect
for people’s differences and values?
A. Diversity
B. Tolerance
C. Equality
D. Allegiance
39

40. Prejudice
The word PREJUDICE is exactly what it sounds
like; PRE-JUDGE.
It causes you to assume you have a person or a
situation figured out in advance—before you
even talk to the person or see the situation for
yourself.
40

41. Prejudice
An unfair opinion or judgment of
a person or a group of people
41

42. Prejudice is an
irrational way of
thinking—it doesn’t
permit reflection and
is usually based on
limited experience,
hunches, or hearsay,
42
rather than on facts.

43. Hearsay
Rumor; something heard from
others with no evidence that it is
true
43

44. Prejudices are so common that we sometimes
take them for granted. That can be not only
hurtful; it can be downright dangerous.
44

45. Which of these statements is
inaccurate regarding prejudice?
A. It is based on hearsay and a narrow
range of experience instead of facts.
B. It means making a decision about
someone in advance.
C. It results from rational thought and
allows for reflection.
D. It is very common and often taken
for granted.
45

46. Which of these statements is
inaccurate regarding prejudice?
A. It is based on hearsay and a narrow
range of experience instead of facts.
B. It means making a decision about
someone in advance.
C. It results from rational thought and
allows for reflection.
D. It is very common and often taken
for granted.
46

47. Prejudices can lead you to make blanket
assumptions about an entire group of people
rather than looking at them as individuals. For
example, how would you respond if someone
said to you, “Athletes are stupid?”
47

48. You could roll your eyes and nod, as if in
agreement, but if overcoming prejudice were
your goal, you’d respond very differently.
48

49. You’d have to think logically and ask
yourself a series of questions such as these:
• Who made the statement?
• Is it someone who plays sports or not?
• Does the person know any athletes?
49

50. You’d have to think logically and ask
yourself a series of questions such as these:
• Who made the statement?
• Is it someone who plays sports or not?
• Does the person know any athletes?
• On what grounds did the person make
the claim about athletes’ intelligence?
• Does he or she have access to all
athletes’ school transcripts?
50

51. You’d have to think logically and ask
yourself a series of questions such as these:
• Do you know of evidence to disprove
the claim?
• Do you know any smart athletes?
• Or have you read about any great
athletes who were also top scholars?
• If you don’t personally know any
athletes, is it a good idea to
automatically accept another person’s
opinion as fact?
51

52. If you were attempting to free yourself from
prejudice and heard someone make a statement
about a particular group of people, which of
these questions would be LEAST enlightening to
you?
A. Does this speaker have a great deal of
experience or knowledge about the subject?
B. Can I come up with any evidence of my own to
disprove the statement?
C. Should I automatically accept someone else’s
opinion as fact?
D. Have I heard anyone else say something
similar about this group of people?
52

53. If you were attempting to free yourself from
prejudice and heard someone make a statement
about a particular group of people, which of
these questions would be LEAST enlightening to
you?
A. Does this speaker have a great deal of
experience or knowledge about the subject?
B. Can I come up with any evidence of my own to
disprove the statement?
C. Should I automatically accept someone else’s
opinion as fact?
D. Have I heard anyone else say something
similar about this group of people?
53

54. Reasons For Prejudice
People aren’t born
PREJUDICED.
54

55. PREJUDICE is a learned trait.
Like the song from the musical South Pacific
says “You have to be taught to hate.” You
pick it up from the messages society sends.
55

56. People develop prejudices for several
reasons. One is fear. People are capable of
fearing other people, ideas, or cultures
different from their own.
56

57. True or False: Prejudice is learned, not
innate behavior.
57

58. True or False: Prejudice is learned, not
innate behavior.
True
58

59. Another reason for prejudice is a group’s
feelings of superiority toward members of
other groups—whether the feelings are
racial, ethnic, or religious.
59

60. Sometimes it’s a question of men
versus women.
60

61. Misunderstanding is another source of
prejudice. An innocent gesture or word in
one culture can be an insult in another.
61

62. For example, in America, putting your feet up
on a desk can show that you are feeling
relaxed and friendly, whereas in the Middle
East, showing someone the bottoms of your
shoes is a grave affront to Muslims, who see
the foot as unclean.
62

63. Still another reason is
perceptions of history.
People and groups
often remember the
wrongs done to them
far better than they
remember the wrongs
they’ve done to others.
63

64. Perhaps you had a bad experience with a
member of another group. You then proceed
to blame all members of that group for what
one person did in the past.
64

65. At a broader level, many ethnic and religious
groups around the world have a long history of
disagreements with each other over land,
resources, and political power. They’ve fought
bitter wars with atrocities on both sides.
65

66. True or False: Certain gestures or
behaviors have different meanings in
different countries.
66

67. True or False: Certain gestures or
behaviors have different meanings in
different countries.
True
67

68. Discrimination
One danger of PREJUDICE is that it can
lead to DISCRIMINATION.
68

69. Discrimination
Unfair treatment based on
prejudice against a certain group
69

70. Discrimination is often based on perceived
traits such as:
• Skin color
• Gender
• Age.
But the possibilities are endless.
70

71. Left-handed
Overweight
What counts are the feelings of the person
being discriminated against—and your
efforts to treat that individual no differently
than you treat anyone else.
71

72. If someone compliments you on your new
winter coat and says you have
“discriminating taste,” that’s a good thing.
It means that you tend to seek out the quality
things in life.
72

73. If someone says you’re “discriminatory” in
your attitudes, watch out.
You may be picking your friends on the basis
of something other than their character,
actions, or personalities. You may be judging
them on the basis of stereotypes.
73

74. True or False: To have discriminating
taste is to have the ability to
distinguish quality in things.
74

75. True or False: To have discriminating
taste is to have the ability to
distinguish quality in things.
True
75

76. To be called _______ is to be
perceived as having prejudiced views.
A. discriminating
B. discriminatory
C. discretionary
D. discrete
76

77. To be called _______ is to be
perceived as having prejudiced views.
A. discriminating
B. discriminatory
C. discretionary
D. discrete
77

78. A stereotype
can be negative
or positive. It’s a
picture you
carry around in
your head about
a thing or
person, without
ever questioning
its validity.
78

79. Stereotype
An idea or a concept that is based
on oversimplified assumptions or
opinions, rather than on facts
79

80. Assumptions based on stereotypes.
A kitten is a cuddly
creature.
A pit bull is a
vicious dog.
Are all pit bulls vicious?
Are all kittens cuddly?
Or are these labels basis on limited
experience or stories in the media?
80
How true are the stereotypes?

81. True or False: A stereotype is always a
negative idea or concept.
81

82. True or False: A stereotype is always a
negative idea or concept.
False
82

83. Diversity
When someone says that American society
values diversity, that means Americans
encourage variety and live in a society that
respects differences among people.
83

84. Diversity
Variation or difference
84

85. Women’s Suffrage Civil Rights 1950s and
early 20th century 1960s
Since these movements, America has
made progress in granting equal rights to
all its citizens.
85

86. Americans practice this freedom regardless of
their gender, age, race, ethnicity, national
origin, religion, family status, sexual
preference, or physical ability.
86

87. The struggle for mutual respect, however,
is still waged in the United States and all
modern countries to become more
tolerant and open societies.
87

88. What American decade(s) saw the
greatest progress in civil rights?
A. 40s
B. 50s-60s
C. 70s
D. 80s-90s
88

89. What American decade(s) saw the
greatest progress in civil rights?
A. 40s
B. 50s-60s
C. 70s
D. 80s-90s
89

90. Religious Respect
Jewish
slaves in Protestants/Catholics
Egypt
Religious intolerance has ignited conflict
after conflict throughout human history.
90

91. Religious respect
is so important
because it
involves making
a conscious
effort to respect
the beliefs—or
nonbeliefs—of
others.
It’s not condoning or
condemning but just
respecting others’ rights.
91

92. Religious Respect
Honor for the right of other people
to hold their own personal
religious beliefs
92

93. Gender Stereotypes
Have you ever heard someone say that boys
aren’t supposed to cry?
Or that girls are no good in science?
If you’re a boy, do people assume you love
sports?
If you’re a girl, does everyone assume you
like to cook?
If so, you’re experiencing gender
stereotyping.
93

94. Gender Stereotyping
The practice of thinking about
people in limited ways on the
basis of whether they are male
or female
94

95. Gender stereotypes
cover cultural, social,
psychological, and
behavioral traits of
males and females.
95

96. Gender equality is a complex issue that’s
still evolving. The United States is working
at how to be a just society—a society that
practices justice—and as a free people, it
is the duty of all Americans to seek
“justice for all.”
96

97. Justice
The fair and equal treatment of
everyone under the law
97

98. True or False: To have religious
respect is the same thing as
approving of a religion.
98

99. True or False: To have religious
respect is the same thing as
approving of a religion.
False
99

100. One of the earliest American beliefs is
that in this country there should be
“_______ for all,” meaning fair and
equal treatment under the law.
A. justice
B. respect
C. dignity
D. tolerance
100

101. One of the earliest American beliefs is
that in this country there should be
“_______ for all,” meaning fair and
equal treatment under the law.
A. justice
B. respect
C. dignity
D. tolerance
101

102. Gender stereotypes have at least two big
problems.
1. You build your ways of dealing with people
on the basis of false assumptions or
102
misleading mental images.

103. 2. Gender stereotypes make clear
communication difficult, if not impossible.
Without communication, there’s no
understanding. With no understanding,
there’s no respect.
103

104. How can you avoid stereotyping people by
their gender?
• Be sensitive to language that might contain
gender stereotypes (“you guys,” “you
gals,” etc.).
• Don’t go with your gut reaction—it’s likely
to be based on preconceptions.
• Take time to think.
• Avoid using hurtful words or expressions.
• Don’t fall victim to peer pressure.
• View everyone as an equal.
104

105. Think for yourself on gender issues.
In the spirit of mutual
respect, you need to
be open-minded.
Respect the ideas of
adults in your life as
well as those of your
friends, then form your
own opinions.
105

106. Gender stereotyping makes it hard to
communicate, and without
communication, there can be no
_______, and therefore no respect.
A. feeling
B. discussion
C. understanding
D. empathy
106

107. Gender stereotyping makes it hard to
communicate, and without
communication, there can be no
_______, and therefore no respect.
A. feeling
B. discussion
C. understanding
D. empathy
107

108. Demonstrating Tolerance
Overcoming prejudice and discrimination
begins with each individual, and the goal
is to see people as people.
108

109. How do you know if you are showing
tolerance and understanding towards other
people? Ask yourself: Am I treating them
the way I would want them to treat me?
109

110. How would you feel if others made fun of:
• your skin color
• ethnic background
• hair color
• religion
110 • the region of the U.S. you are from?

111. How would you feel if you were denied:
• a place on the team
• an education
• a job
• an opportunity
simply because someone decided you
belonged to the “wrong” group?
111

112. How would you feel if others refused:
• To be friends with you
• To eat in the school cafeteria with you
• To live in the same neighborhood with
you because of their prejudice?
112

113. If you wouldn’t like other people doing that
to you, don’t do it to them. That’s the
foundation of tolerance and mutual respect.
113

114. Tolerance and Mutual Respect
Share our similarities
Celebrate our differences
114

115. What question will help you decide if
you are showing tolerance to others?
A. “Is this how they would treat me?”
B. “Is this the way I would like to be
treated?”
C. “Do they seem satisfied with this
treatment from me?”
D. “Is this how I would treat someone
else?”
115

116. What question will help you decide if
you are showing tolerance to others?
A. “Is this how they would treat me?”
B. “Is this the way I would like to be
treated?”
C. “Do they seem satisfied with this
treatment from me?”
D. “Is this how I would treat someone
else?”
116

117. Improving Group Effectiveness
Establishing mutual respect, being tolerant,
and valuing diversity are important for
individuals, but they’re equally important at
the group or organizational level.
117

118. Working Toward Common Goals
Did you ever push two bar magnets around
on a tabletop?
What happened as you brought them closer
118
together?

119. Either the magnets flipped away from each
other the closer you placed them, or they
snapped together, forming a bond.
119

120. All magnets are polarized—they have a
south pole and a north pole. One pole is
positive, and the other is negative.
120

121. If you bring
two positive
or two
negative
poles
together,
the magnets
repel each
other.
If you put a negative and a positive pole
close to each other, the magnets attract
each other.
121

122. You can compare members of a team or
group with magnets. If group members can’t
communicate clearly and see a common
goal, they tend to lack trust and respect for
each other. Nothing productive will happen.
122

123. Members of a group or team bond and are
ready to produce results when they have a
clearly defined common goal and are able to
communicate their plan of action to achieve
that goal.
123

124. What is the result on a group if there
is a clear goal and good
communication about the plan of
action?
A. Tolerance
B. Success
C. Empathy
D. Bonding
124

125. What is the result on a group if there
is a clear goal and good
communication about the plan of
action?
A. Tolerance
B. Success
C. Empathy
D. Bonding
125

126. Benefits of Accepting Differences
People often find it difficult to accept other
people’s differences, and it seems to put
them at odds with each other.
126

127. The benefits of accepting other people’s
differences outweigh the drag that
prejudicial thinking puts on team
performance.
127

128. The best team is unified!
No team can be whole while any of its
members holds wrong assumptions, false
impressions, and stereotypes about fellow
team members.
128

129. Communication is key to breaking down
the barriers and accepting others’
differences.
129

130. Tapping the talents, ideas, experiences,
and ingenuity of a diverse group of people
is very productive.
130

131. A team functions best if the members
are _______.
A. energetic
B. intelligent
C. unified
D. organized
131

132. A team functions best if the members
are _______.
A. energetic
B. intelligent
C. unified
D. organized
132

133. Diversity is a strength!
A diverse group of people must trust and
listen to each other. They must not only
accept but also value their differences.
133

134. Remember the Titans
T. C. Williams High School in Alexandria,
Virginia.
134

135. Evaluating and Measuring Group
Effectiveness
How do you tell if your
group or team is
working effectively?
1. Establish clear goals.
2. Decide whether the group is meeting
those goals.
135

136. Are team members devoting their efforts to
the team’s task, or wasting them arguing
among themselves over issues that have
little or nothing to do with the task?
136

137. Team building is constantly seeking a
measure of results—or movement toward
results.
137

138. But you as a leader must measure,
evaluate, and adjust as needed. Hitting the
bull’s-eye might take a while, but you will
finally make a direct hit.
138

139. For Greater Group Effectiveness:
• Forgive mistakes quickly—People often
learn more from failure than from
success.
• Hold members accountable—Every
team member should have a role and
should be responsible for carrying it
out.
• Foster trust and commitment—Both are
essential to teamwork.
• Don’t make excuses—Whining and
placing blame are counterproductive.
139

140. For Greater Group Effectiveness:
• Make the hard decisions—Winning
doesn’t come easy.
• Seek concrete answers and
solutions—You can use them to
measure effectiveness.
• Respect differences—See them as a
source of strength.
• Constantly strive toward mutual
respect— Respect is the glue that
holds the group or team together.
140

141. To increase the effectiveness of the
group, make sure that each member is
_______.
A. comfortable
B. imaginative
C. accountable
D. predictable
141

142. To increase the effectiveness of the
group, make sure that each member is
_______.
A. comfortable
B. imaginative
C. accountable
D. predictable
142

143. Conflict in Groups
Although groups
can have any
number of
conflicts, they all
boil down to three
basic types of
conflicts:
• Perspective
• Purpose
• Practice
143

144. Conflict in Perspective
Conflicts in perspective involve what people
do and why they do it. It has to do with team
members’ differing beliefs and values.
144

145. Conflict in Perspective
The student who wants
the highest-possible
grade point average
(GPA) believes that a
college degree is
GPA critical for success.
4.0
145

146. Conflict in Perspective
A student who wants
only a high school
diploma, on the other
hand, doesn’t think
college is important.
High School
Diploma
146

147. Conflict in Perspective
GPA High School
4.0 Diploma
These two students’ values are different, and
those values will determine how they act and
react in a group.
147

148. If people try to solve perspective-level
conflicts by ignoring or working around them,
the conflicts will continue. The participants
have not addressed the underlying issues.
148

149. Sometimes perspective-level conflicts are
impossible to resolve. You then must agree
to disagree and work out the best
compromise possible.
149

150. Which of these types of conflict is
NOT commonly found in groups?
A. Conflicts in perspective
B. Conflicts in practice
C. Conflicts in performance
D. Conflicts in purpose
150

151. Which of these types of conflict is
NOT commonly found in groups?
A. Conflicts in perspective
B. Conflicts in practice
C. Conflicts in performance
D. Conflicts in purpose
151

152. Conflicts in _______ revolve around
the reasons that people do what they
do, generally because of their different
values.
A. performance
B. purpose
C. practice
D. perspective
152

153. Conflicts in _______ revolve around
the reasons that people do what they
do, generally because of their different
values.
A. performance
B. purpose
C. practice
D. perspective
153

154. Conflicts in Purpose
Conflicts in purpose involve what people
want to achieve. These conflicts arise when
members can’t accept the team’s goals and
objectives.
154

155. For example, one team member might say, “I
don’t care what grade we receive on this
assignment. I just want to get it done.”
Another member might say, “I want us to put
together an A+ presentation so that I will
keep the highest GPA possible.”
155

156. Goals are easier
to establish and
change than team
perspective.
To deal with conflicts of purpose, the leader
should set clear goals before the project
begins—with input from team members.
156

157. Conflicts in Practice
Conflicts in practice
have to do with the
team’s processes
and procedures. If
members can’t agree
on:
• when the team will meet
• where it will meet
• who will lead the meetings
they have conflicts at the practice level.
157

158. A leader’s best bet in dealing with conflicts
of practice is to set up operating procedures
before the team begins its work. At the least,
the leader can insist that practices and
procedures support the team’s objectives.
158

159. What is the best way to prevent conflicts in
purpose?
A. The leader should consistently remind group
members that his/her decisions are fair and
final.
B. Before the project begins, the leader should
articulate goals clearly, with team members
having input.
C. Brief conflict resolution meetings should be
scheduled at the first hint of a problem
regarding purpose.
D. Before the project begins, team members
should make a purpose plan, which the leader
159
keeps on track.

160. What is the best way to prevent conflicts in
purpose?
A. The leader should consistently remind group
members that his/her decisions are fair and
final.
B. Before the project begins, the leader should
articulate goals clearly, with team members
having input.
C. Brief conflict resolution meetings should be
scheduled at the first hint of a problem
regarding purpose.
D. Before the project begins, team members
should make a purpose plan, which the leader
160
keeps on track.

161. Methods of Handling Conflict
People react to conflict in a group or team
setting in one of two ways: fight or flight.
161

162. Some people fight when they perceive a
conflict. They become aggressive.
At their At their best, they
worst, they express their own
lash out, perspectives, yet
explode, continue to work
argue, and with team
become members to arrive
competitive. at a solution.
162

163. When faced with conflict, other people will
resort to flight. These people are passive.
At their worst, At their best, they
they pout, thoughtfully
withdraw, reflect on the
passively resist, issues at hand
and avoid and offer their
working through ideas to try to
conflicts at all resolve them.
costs.
163

164. True or False: When confronted with
conflict in a team or group, people
have either a fight or flight reaction.
164

165. True or False: When confronted with
conflict in a team or group, people
have either a fight or flight reaction.
True
165

166. Most people have developed strategies for
handling everyday conflicts.
They may retreat. They may detour around
the problem—a method that works
sometimes, but may become habit-forming.
166

167. Sometimes you can’t pretend that the
problem doesn’t exist.
You can’t retreat. You can’t get around it.
You must adjust.
167

168. What is adjustment?
Does it mean giving in to avoid trouble or
making a scene?
Does it mean
forcing others to
give in to your
wishes, never
compromising,
and relying on the
other person to
adjust?
168

169. Four main ways people handle conflict:
• Retreating • Standing still
• Detouring • Encountering
169

170. Retreating
Retreating is blocking or moving away from
a problem or conflict. People who retreat
don’t want to confront conflict head on.
170

171. They may give
up without even
trying.
They may try to
place the blame
on others.
In some cases, they may even withdraw from
society to try to escape reality.
171

172. Sometimes retreat is understandable.
Loss of a loved one, for example, might
cause someone to retreat in fear of future
loss, rejection, or loneliness.
172

173. What term is used to refer to the
method of handling conflict by
blocking or moving away from it?
A. Encountering
B. Detouring
C. Retreating
D. Standing Still
173

174. What term is used to refer to the
method of handling conflict by
blocking or moving away from it?
A. Encountering
B. Detouring
C. Retreating
D. Standing Still
174

175. Standing Still
Stay in one
place rather
than to risk
defeat or
rejection.
Standing still is avoiding a problem or
conflict by using defense mechanisms.
175

176. For example…
The student with
great potential who
takes the easiest
course, so that he
or she doesn’t have
to work very hard.
176

177. For example…
The adult who prefers
to stand still says, “It
was good enough for
my parents, and it’s
good enough for me.
Why change now?”
177

178. Other forms of standing still include such
defense mechanisms as rationalization and
projection or just daydreaming, forgetting,
and regression.
178

179. Rationalization
Concealing the true motivation
for one’s thoughts, actions, or
feelings by offering reassuring,
but incorrect, explanations
179

180. Projection
The act of falsely attributing to
others one’s own unacceptable
feelings, impulses, or thoughts
180

181. If someone hides the real motive for
thoughts, actions, or feelings by using
reassuring but inaccurate
explanations, he/she is _______.
A. rationalizing
B. projecting
C. detouring
D. compensating
181

182. If someone hides the real motive for
thoughts, actions, or feelings by using
reassuring but inaccurate
explanations, he/she is _______.
A. rationalizing
B. projecting
C. detouring
D. compensating
182

183. What method of handling conflict uses
defense mechanisms like
rationalization and projection to avoid
the conflict?
A. Detouring
B. Standing Still
C. Encountering
D. Retreating
183

184. What method of handling conflict uses
defense mechanisms like
rationalization and projection to avoid
the conflict?
A. Detouring
B. Standing Still
C. Encountering
D. Retreating
184

185. Detouring
Detouring is moving around, or avoiding, a
problem or conflict.
185

186. People who constantly avoid important
issues may think they’ve dealt with a
problem, but the solution is temporary.
186

187. The problem is bound to arise again.
If your friend Mark says, “Suzanne gets good
grades because she’s the teacher’s pet,”
he’s detouring rather than facing the fact that
he doesn’t study enough.
187

188. Compensation is one
way of detouring. A
rejected or insecure
person may
compensate by
showing off, being
sarcastic, or
misbehaving—just to
get attention.
188

189. Compensation
A mechanism by which an
individual attempts to make up for
some real or imagined deficiency
of personality or behavior by
developing or stressing another
aspect of the personality or by
substituting a different form of
behavior
189

190. In some cases, compensation has favorable
results.
For example, a guy who doesn’t make the
varsity basketball team could compensate
by becoming a whiz in computer science.
190

191. Encountering
Encountering is the
best way to handle
problems.
Encountering is
facing a conflict
head-on and reaching
a solution.
President
Abraham Lincoln
191

192. Encountering
The person who faces
problems stands a
much better chance of
solving them than the
person who avoids or
ignores them does.
General
George Patton
192

193. The most effective way to handle
conflict is by _______, or facing the
problem head-on.
A. detouring
B. standing still
C. encountering
D. retreating
193

194. The most effective way to handle
conflict is by _______, or facing the
problem head-on.
A. detouring
B. standing still
C. encountering
D. retreating
194

195. You probably find it
easy to advise others
about how to face
their problems, but
when it’s your own
problem, it’s a
different story.
195

196. Like everyone else, you face problems and
conflicts every day. You must compromise—
adjust to those around you.
196

197. To function in society, you must learn to
meet, encounter, and resolve those
problems and conflicts.
197

198. Important to understand for those in a
conflict situation there are only three
possible outcomes:
1. WIN-LOSE. One will win and one will
lose.
198

199. Important to understand for those in a
conflict situation there are only three
possible outcomes:
1. WIN-LOSE. One will win and one will
lose.
2. LOSE-LOSE. Both sides lose.
199

200. Important to understand for those in a
conflict situation there are only three
possible outcomes:
1. WIN-LOSE. One will win and one will
lose.
2. LOSE-LOSE. Both sides lose.
3. WIN-WIN. Both sides win by
communication, compromise, and
common sense.
200

201. To compromise when solving
problems is a way of _______.
A. adjusting to those around you
B. compensating for your
shortcomings
C. detouring from the underlying
problem
D. projecting your disappointment
onto another
201

202. To compromise when solving
problems is a way of _______.
A. adjusting to those around you
B. compensating for your
shortcomings
C. detouring from the underlying
problem
D. projecting your disappointment
onto another
202

203. Conclusion
A challenge for all good leaders is
building positive relationships with
others.
203

204. All good leaders must understand their
emotions, attitudes, and prejudices.
204

205. Good leaders set goals and measure their
team’s progress in meeting them.
205

206. Good leaders understand the types of
conflicts in groups and the ways people
handle or avoid those conflicts.
206

207. What term is used for the
attention or regard given to the
rights, property, and ideas of
others?
A. Tolerance
B. Respect
C. Diversity
D. Justice
207

208. What term is used for the
attention or regard given to the
rights, property, and ideas of
others?
A. Tolerance
B. Respect
C. Diversity
D. Justice
208

209. Respect that is received as well
as given is known as _______
respect.
A. earned
B. inherent
C. guaranteed
D. mutual
209

210. Respect that is received as well
as given is known as _______
respect.
A. earned
B. inherent
C. guaranteed
D. mutual
210

211. What term is used to refer to the
inner strength that comes from
feeling connected, worthwhile,
and valued?
A. Mutual respect
B. Inherent rights
C. Personal dignity
D. Tolerance for others
211

212. What term is used to refer to the
inner strength that comes from
feeling connected, worthwhile,
and valued?
A. Mutual respect
B. Inherent rights
C. Personal dignity
D. Tolerance for others
212

213. Even though people can gain the
respect of others, Americans
have always recognized the
_______ value and rights of
every human being.
A. inherent
B. potential
C. attainable
D. earned
213

214. Even though people can gain the
respect of others, Americans
have always recognized the
_______ value and rights of
every human being.
A. inherent
B. potential
C. attainable
D. earned
214

215. Giving people respect entails
accepting their _______.
A. behavior
B. trust
C. beliefs
D. differences
215

216. Giving people respect entails
accepting their _______.
A. behavior
B. trust
C. beliefs
D. differences
216

217. What term is used to refer to
respect for people’s differences
and values?
A. Tolerance
B. Allegiance
C. Equality
D. Diversity
217

218. What term is used to refer to
respect for people’s differences
and values?
A. Tolerance
B. Allegiance
C. Equality
D. Diversity
218

219. Barriers to a mutually respectful
environment include prejudice,
discrimination, and a refusal to
value _______.
A. tolerance
B. diversity
C. change
D. personal dignity
219

220. Barriers to a mutually respectful
environment include prejudice,
discrimination, and a refusal to
value _______.
A. tolerance
B. diversity
C. change
D. personal dignity
220

221. An unfair judgment of an
individual or group is known as
_______.
A. intolerance
B. injustice
C. discrimination
D. prejudice
221

222. An unfair judgment of an
individual or group is known as
_______.
A. intolerance
B. injustice
C. discrimination
D. prejudice
222

223. Which of these statements is NOT
true regarding prejudice?
A. It results from rational thought
and allows for reflection.
B. It means making a decision
about someone in advance.
C. It is very common and often
taken for granted.
D. It is based on hearsay and a
narrow range of experience
223
instead of facts.

224. Which of these statements is NOT
true regarding prejudice?
A. It results from rational thought
and allows for reflection.
B. It means making a decision
about someone in advance.
C. It is very common and often
taken for granted.
D. It is based on hearsay and a
narrow range of experience
224
instead of facts.

225. What term is used to refer to
unfair treatment of a particular
group of people based on
prejudice?
A. Intolerance
B. Stereotyping
C. Discrimination
D. Entrapment
225

226. What term is used to refer to
unfair treatment of a particular
group of people based on
prejudice?
A. Intolerance
B. Stereotyping
C. Discrimination
D. Entrapment
226

227. A stereotype is a labeling or an
idea of a person or thing based
on _______ instead of facts.
A. irrational fears
B. repeated experiences
C. oversimplified assumptions
D. careful teachings
227

228. A stereotype is a labeling or an
idea of a person or thing based
on _______ instead of facts.
A. irrational fears
B. repeated experiences
C. oversimplified assumptions
D. careful teachings
228

229. When people have a limited
perception of people based on
whether they are male or
female, they are displaying
_______ stereotyping.
A. social
B. gender
C. racial
D. sexual
229

230. When people have a limited
perception of people based on
whether they are male or
female, they are displaying
_______ stereotyping.
A. social
B. gender
C. racial
D. sexual
230

231. Every America should seek
“_______ for all,” meaning fair
and equal treatment under the
law.
A. freedom
B. respect
C. dignity
D. justice
231

232. Every America should seek
“_______ for all,” meaning fair
and equal treatment under the
law.
A. freedom
B. respect
C. dignity
D. justice
232

233. A mature way to approach
issues is to listen to the
opinions of adults and friends,
but _______.
A. take the opposite view
B. always agree with the
adults
C. form your own opinions
D. align your beliefs with those
of your peers
233

234. A mature way to approach
issues is to listen to the
opinions of adults and friends,
but _______.
A. take the opposite view
B. always agree with the
adults
C. form your own opinions
D. align your beliefs with those
of your peers
234

235. What type of intolerance has
caused numerous conflicts
throughout history?
A. Religious
B. Social
C. Economic
D. Cultural
235

236. What type of intolerance has
caused numerous conflicts
throughout history?
A. Religious
B. Social
C. Economic
D. Cultural
236

237. To increase the effectiveness of
a group, members should view
differences as a source of
_______.
A. unity
B. strength
C. commitment
D. pride
237

238. To increase the effectiveness of
a group, members should view
differences as a source of
_______.
A. unity
B. strength
C. commitment
D. pride
238

239. How can group leaders ensure team
effectiveness as the members work
toward accomplishing the goals?
A. Devise ways to measure results
or movement toward results
B. Take time out to practice
communication and interpersonal
skills
C. Bring in new members with fresh
ideas and more diverse outlooks
D. Seek methods of adjusting goals
239
to align with progress

240. How can group leaders ensure team
effectiveness as the members work
toward accomplishing the goals?
A. Devise ways to measure results
or movement toward results
B. Take time out to practice
communication and interpersonal
skills
C. Bring in new members with fresh
ideas and more diverse outlooks
D. Seek methods of adjusting goals
240
to align with progress

241. Effective groups look for
_______ answers and solutions
which can be used to measure
their effectiveness.
A. cooperative
B. creative
C. core
D. concrete
241

242. Effective groups look for
_______ answers and solutions
which can be used to measure
their effectiveness.
A. cooperative
B. creative
C. core
D. concrete
242

243. To increase the effectiveness of
the group, each member must
be _______.
A. comfortable
B. predictable
C. accountable
D. imaginative
243

244. To increase the effectiveness of
the group, each member must
be _______.
A. comfortable
B. predictable
C. accountable
D. imaginative
244

245. What can serve as a kind of
glue to hold a group together?
A. Justice
B. Diversity
C. Mutual respect
D. Personal dignity
245

246. What can serve as a kind of
glue to hold a group together?
A. Justice
B. Diversity
C. Mutual respect
D. Personal dignity
246

247. Conflicts in _______ involve the
reasons that people do what
they do, generally because of
their different values.
A. performance
B. perspective
C. practice
D. purpose
247

248. Conflicts in _______ involve the
reasons that people do what
they do, generally because of
their different values.
A. performance
B. perspective
C. practice
D. purpose
248

249. Since conflicts in perspective
are often unsolvable, people
must _______ as best they can.
A. compromise
B. work around them
C. ignore them
D. carry on
249

250. Since conflicts in perspective
are often unsolvable, people
must _______ as best they can.
A. compromise
B. work around them
C. ignore them
D. carry on
250

251. If people disagree about the
team’s goals and objectives,
there is a conflict in _______.
A. perspective
B. performance
C. practice
D. purpose
251

252. If people disagree about the
team’s goals and objectives,
there is a conflict in _______.
A. perspective
B. performance
C. practice
D. purpose
252

253. Problems regarding processes
and procedures are classified
as conflicts in _______.
A. purpose
B. perspective
C. practice
D. performance
253

254. Problems regarding processes
and procedures are classified
as conflicts in _______.
A. purpose
B. perspective
C. practice
D. performance
254

255. Operating procedures should be
established before work begins,
with the leader ensuring that
they are _______.
A. consistent and not subject to
change
B. supportive of the team’s
objectives
C. based on previous successful
tasks
255
D. acceptable to all members

256. Operating procedures should be
established before work begins,
with the leader ensuring that
they are _______.
A. consistent and not subject to
change
B. supportive of the team’s
objectives
C. based on previous successful
tasks
256
D. acceptable to all members

257. Which of these statements is
NOT true regarding people who
fight when faced with conflict?
A. They express their own
perspective.
B. They can become aggressive.
C. They might argue, explode,
and become competitive.
D. They always refuse to work
with the team members to find
257
a solution.

258. Which of these statements is
NOT true regarding people who
fight when faced with conflict?
A. They express their own
perspective.
B. They can become aggressive.
C. They might argue, explode,
and become competitive.
D. They always refuse to work
with the team members to find
258
a solution.

259. Hiding the real motive for
thoughts, actions, or feelings by
using reassuring but inaccurate
explanations is known as
_______.
A. rationalization
B. compensation
C. projection
D. detouring
259

260. Hiding the real motive for
thoughts, actions, or feelings by
using reassuring but inaccurate
explanations is known as
_______.
A. rationalization
B. compensation
C. projection
D. detouring
260

261. When people falsely attribute
their own unacceptable
feelings, thoughts, or impulses
to others, they are _______.
A. detouring
B. rationalizing
C. projecting
D. compensating
261

262. When people falsely attribute
their own unacceptable
feelings, thoughts, or impulses
to others, they are _______.
A. detouring
B. rationalizing
C. projecting
D. compensating
262

263. What term is used to refer to the
substitution of a favorable trait
or behavior for an undesirable
one in order to present a better
picture of oneself?
A. Compensation
B. Projection
C. Rationalization
D. Detouring
263

264. What term is used to refer to the
substitution of a favorable trait
or behavior for an undesirable
one in order to present a better
picture of oneself?
A. Compensation
B. Projection
C. Rationalization
D. Detouring
264

265. The most effective way to
handle conflict is by _______, or
facing the problem head-on.
A. retreating
B. encountering
C. standing still
D. detouring
265

266. The most effective way to
handle conflict is by _______, or
facing the problem head-on.
A. retreating
B. encountering
C. standing still
D. detouring
266