The research was carried out in spirit to make processing robust for large data analysis and also to verify the spatial extent change in hispar glacier in past decade and soon

1. Usama MaqsoodUsama Maqsood
IGIS, NUSTIGIS, NUST
usama13@igis.nust.edu.pkusama13@igis.nust.edu.pk
Abstract Number: ICMCC-A-060
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Mountains and Climate Change:Mountains and Climate Change:
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2. INTRODUCTION
 The transformation and alternation of climate postures a severe threat and intimidation
to the natural resources like that of glaciers in the country.
 Various studies have been conducted and confirmed the effect of global warming,
along with others causes, on glacier melting.
 At a fast pace of retreating and thinning of glaciers and increasing spread of glacial
lakes are the sign of rise in global temperatures.
 The reduced duration of winter, moving towards with the time, condenses the
residency period for snow and its conversion into ice.
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3.  Pakistan has been blessed with huge glacial deposits in its northern region on which it
depends heavily for its fresh water needs as the glacial melt water is the source of all major
rivers in the country.
 The total snow cover in HKH region of Pakistan is about 2,738 km, 3 of which Hunza,
Shyok and Shigar basins make up 80%.
 RS and GIS techniques were used to address the glacier meltdown in the north-eastern
mountainous area of Pakistan.
 Temporal maps designed to measure spatial changes in snow cover indicate a significant
change leading to disasters such as flooding and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods.
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4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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5. STUDY AREA
 A 60 km (37 mi) long glacier at an altitude of 5000 m, named as “Hispar Glacier”.
 At World Reference System-2 (WRS) path-row of 149-35.
 In the Karakoram Mountains of the Northern Areas, Pakistan.
 Meets 63 km (39 mi ) long Biafo glacier, creating the world's longest glacial system
outside of the polar regions.
 Connecting Nagar (immediately south to Hunza in west) and Baltistan (in the east),
the prehistoric mountains.
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7. PROJECT SCOPE
 Work to be Accomplished:
 Incorporating DEM and coarser resolution datasets along with rainfall and surface
temperature data.
 Creating a more robust tool for glacier mapping and processing.
 Purpose of this Project:
 To study the Hispar glacier spatial extent condition with the passage of time.
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8. OBJECTIVES
 To establish the satellite imagery inventory for study area.
 To create python programmed toolboxes.
 To develop the geo-referenced maps based on spatio-temporal analysis using:
 Rainfall
 Surface Temperature Dataset
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9.  Graphical representation of yearly analysis.
 One Year
 15 Year
 Geo-referenced dataset.
 Raster and Geo-database
 Maps
 Season based
DELIVERABLES
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10. SUCCESS FACTORS
 Programmed tools for:
 Glacier Mapping
 TRMM Data Processing
 LST Data Processing
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11. DATASETS
 Landsat imagery (path-row: 149-35)
 L5 (1998-2000, 2009-2011)
 L7 (2000-2002, 2013)
 L8 (2013-2014)
 Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
 ASTER 30 m
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12.  Tropical Rainfall Mapping Mission (TRMM)
 Monthly Average Data
 3B43
 Land Surface Temperature (LST)
 MODIS Daily Data
 MOD11A
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13. METHODOLOGY OUTLINE
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14. BOUNDARY DEMARCATION
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DEM
Watershed
and Basin
Analysis
Hispar
Basin
L8, 764
as RGB

15. PYTHON PROGRAMMING
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16. GLACIER MAPPING TOOL
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Band Ratio
Maximum Likelihood
Classification

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NSDI
Stacking

18. TRMM PROCESSING TOOL
 Annual Composite Tool
 Converts the TRMM data from GeoTIFF format to NetCDF.
 Mask the output file to the study area boundary.
 Combines the whole year data into 1 single raster file and takes the mean of it.
 OUTPUT: Single raster file having annual average of rainfall of that area.
 Spring to Autumn Composite Tool
 Takes daily TRMM data of rainfall.
 Takes spring month (3rd
month) to autumn month (10th
month).
 OUTPUT: Single raster file having annual average of rainfall of that area.
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19.  Spring to Autumn Composite Tool 2
 Takes monthly TRMM data of rainfall.
 Takes spring month (3rd
month) to autumn month (10th
month).
 OUTPUT: Single raster file having annual average of rainfall of that area.
 Spring to Autumn Accumulated Composite Tool
 Takes sum of each data of TRMM rainfall.
 Takes spring month (3rd
month) to autumn month (10th
month).
 OUTPUT: Single raster file having annual average of rainfall of that area.
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20.  TRMM 10 Days Composite Tool
 Takes 10 days of TRMM data of rainfall.
 Takes spring month (3rd
month) to autumn month (10th
month).
 OUTPUT: Single raster file having annual average of rainfall of that area.
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21. Graphical User Interface for Python Tool
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22. LST PROCESSING TOOL
 Mosaic Tool
 Mosaicking the MODIS tiles.
 OUTPUT: Geo-database.
 Mosaic Tool 2
 Mosaicking the MODIS tiles.
 OUTPUT: Raster file.
 Composite Tool
 Takes in daily coverage of surface temperature.
 Makes monthly composite of each of them.
 OUTPUT:
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23. RESULTS
 One Year Analysis
 Dataset:
 TRMM, MODIS, and
 Landsat (2013)
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25.  15 Year Analysis
 Dataset: TRMM, MODIS, and Landsat
 Two-season datasets
 Year:
 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013
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27.  Different Year Analysis
 Change in spatial extent from
 2001-2013.
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28. Comparison between Spring 2001 and 2013
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29. Comparison between Autumn 2001 and 2013
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30. CONCLUSION
 Glaciers are melting at far velocity than before.
 Greater the surface temperature, more of the snow melting.
 Higher the rainfall, more of the stability.
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31. REFERENCES
 Bashir, F., & Rasul, G. (2010). Estimation of average snow cover over northern Pakistan. Pakistan
Journal of Meteorology, 7(13), 63-69.
 Bashir, F., & Rasul, G. (2010). Estimation of Water Discharge from Gilgit Basin, using Remote
Sensing, GIS and Runoff Modeling. Pakistan Journal of Meteorology, 6(12), 97-113.
 Bolch, T., et al. (2012). The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers. Science, 336(6079), 310-314.
 Farooqi, A. B., et al. (2005). Climate change perspective in Pakistan. Pakistan J. Meteorol, 2(3).
 Mayer, C., et al. (2010). Analysis of glacial meltwater in Bagrot Valley, Karakoram: Based on short-
term ablation and debris cover observations on Hinarche Glacier. Mountain Research and
Development, 30(2), 169-177.
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32.  Rasul, G., et al. (2011). Glaciers and glacial lakes under changing climate in Pakistan.
Pakistan Journal of Meteorology, 8(15).
 Rasul, G., et al. (2008). Global warming and melting glaciers along southern slopes of
HKH range. Pak. Jr. of Meteorology, 5(9).
 ZAMIR, U. B. (2012). Monitoring receding of glaciers and in north-eastern pakistan
through geo-informatics techniques.
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