As a practicing research scientist, let me note that most in the West are unaware of the substantial empirical scientific research that has been conducted on rebirth/reincarnation during the past 50-80 years. Admittedly, it is not possible to use the Gold Standard, randomized double blind studies, on children who have memories of past lives. however, Ian Stevenson, the founder of the University of Virginia's Division of Perceptual Studies, was a thorough and meticulous scientific researcher who always sought alternative explanations using every tool available to him. Fortunately, his rigorous methods have guided the continuing research both at Virginia and elsewhere around the world where his findings have stimulated further research.
Tucker, in this book, takes every argument ever put forth against rebirth/reincarnation or against the compiled evidence, and subjects it to rational scrutiny, seeking to close every hole in the argument either for or against. As a logician and practicing empirical researcher for 25 years, my judgment is that he was completely successful about 95 percent of the time, and at least partially successful in all cases.
Some evidence I found extremely interesting includes:
* Love appears to endure (across lives), as apparently does Anger in some cases,.
* The two fetal awareness cases should interest "right to life" supporters.
* Only very limited evidence supports the Buddhist/Hindu concept of Kamma/Karma. Admittedly, the Buddha did state that Kamma is far to complicated to even begin to think about before awakening. Apparently, kamma, as Malidoma Some stated, is something that "Knowledge Can't Eat."
* The fact that almost all recorded cases indicate rebirth/reincarnation between nine and 15 months after death supports the Buddha's stance of continuous rebirth.
On the Nature of the Research Evidence
Note that over 2,500 cases are on record at Virginia, and other research is available from other reputable universities around the world. Note also that some evidence is quite strong, such as the 30 or so cases where Buddhist monks (or others) wrote down what a child said about their past life before anyone sought to determine whether these statements hold up in the "real world." Solved cases are those where people or situations from the former life are verified by traveling to the place the child claims to have lived and died, and checking the accuracy of their statements. Another strong set of evidence relates to birthmarks. There are cases where forensic evidence shows where bullets entered and left a dead person's body, and the child in a different town, who claims to have been that person, exhibits puckered birthmarks of the same size and in the same places (entry smaller than exit). Stevenson finally made this research available to those of us who lack vast wealth in: Where Reincarnation and Biology Intersect. Of course, most cases provide weaker empirical evidence than these two types (roughly 98%). However, almost all of these are investigated using the best scientific research techniques available for the situations, so most are as empirically strong as they possibly can be. Further, Tucker evaluates consistencies in findings, identifies inconsistencies and is finally able, thanks to the recent entry of some 1,800 of these cases into a database, to compile statistics that allow us to understand trends and consistencies across cases and to conduct specific analyses relative to arguments against this.
A Couple of Additional, Somewhat Tangential Notes
Fortunately, as scientific research has evolved following on the development of Quantum Mechanics and widespread Anthropological and other Qualitative research, social scientists today are beginning to understand that human demographic and ethnographic behaviors, and what people say, may be more important than what happens with rats in controlled experiments. Thus, mixed methods has become the a desired scientific paradigm in research on human beings, and I can personally vouch for the fact that NSF reviewers, when evaluating grant proposals, prefer that approach. Much of the research described by Tucker could be termed systematic qualitative.
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