Wealth environment

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DEFINATION OF ENVIRONMENT
Circumstances, influences, stresses, and competitive, cultural, demographic, economic, natural, political, regulatory, and technological factors (called environmental factors) that effect the survival, operations, and growth of an organization.

Sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development and growth as well as of danger and damage.

WHAT IS WEALTH???
“Wealth” has come to mean an abundance of items of economic value, or the state of controlling or possessing such item & encompasses money, real estate & personal property.
Wealth refers to accumulation of resources

INTRODUCTION TO THE WEALTH ENVIRONMENT
This introduction paints the big picture of the wealth environment and how it cycles through changes.
Learn the basics of global economics and how this impacts wealth generation as well as the risks to maintaining wealth in all parts of the world.

CREATION OF WEALTH
Natural resources can be harvested.
Material can be changed
Better production methods

TYPES OF WEALTH.
There are mainly 2 types of wealth. They are Manmade wealth and natural wealth-
1.Manmade wealth: Man-made wealth is wealth (money) that a person acquires on their own with or without the help of anyone else, as opposed to receiving it from someone else.
2.Natural wealth: Natural wealth is wealth in which actual and potential forms of wealth is supplied by nature. For eg: coal, oil, wood etc.

DYNAMIC NATURE OF WEALTH
Wealth is not static but dynamic. It changes in quality and quantity in response to man’s efforts to tap and utilize it. Many factors which make Wealth's dynamic are as follows:
Knowledge: Man must find out uses of different wealth and must know the methods of tapping them from nature to make them more and more useful. For e.g.- man in the Middle-East lived over oil-bearing area for thousands of years. The existence as well as use of oil in this area was not known to him. He started making use of oil as a power resource only when he got the knowledge that can be used as a fuel and various purposes.

CONT…
Technological Advancement:
Technological advancement not only adds new Wealth's but it also enables man to use existing wealth in a better manner. For e.g.-River water in the olden days was used only for drinking, transportation and agriculture. Today, besides the above uses, we also use it for generation of hydro-electricity and fisheries.

CONT…
Decrease in Wealth :
Due to continuous exploitation of some wealth, wealth get dwindled. For e.g.-Due to continues use of rich forest cover in the lower Himalayan region in the past, many valuable species of trees have been destroyed. Similarly , due to over-hunting and fishing, many species of animals and fish have been destroyed.

FOSSIL FUEL

WHAT ARE FOSSIL FUEL?????
Fossil fuels are the carbon rich remains of ancient vegetation and other organisms that have endured intense heat and pressure inside the earth over periods of millions of years.
Fossil fuels are responsible for providing the energy needed worldwide for many household and industrial purposes today. Deposits of fossil fuels are found throughout the world deep inside the earth.

PETROLEUM:
Also called crude oil, the term petroleum encompasses multiple types of hydrocarbons, which are compounds consisting primarily of hydrogen and carbon but possibly containing other elements as well. Petroleum forms mainly from marine vegetation and bacteria
that lived in the oceans or other saltwater environments millions of years ago. Petroleum deposits are often found in the same locations as natural gas, each of which can be extracted for energy production. Petroleum is used in the production of plastic and medications among many other products.

ADVANTAGES OF
PETROLEUM
Major source of fuel in transportation.
It is used as a raw material in manufacturing petro-chemical.
It can be easily carried.
Responsible for raising standard of living of people.
DISADVANTAGES OF
PETROLEUM
One of the major cause of air pollution.
Unevenly distributed
Sudden rise in oil price influences many countries economy
Oil rich west Asia has been a highly volatile and distributed region

COAL:
Coal forms from plants such as ferns, moss and trees which lived near shorelines and in swamps and bogs millions of years ago. When these plants die, they are slowly covered with sediment and over time pressed deep into the earth where they are affected by mounting heat and pressure. Under these conditions, the organic matter becomes richer in carbon and hydrogen, and increasingly deprived of oxygen. Coal goes through various stages of development based on its increasing carbon content, and coal containing higher levels of carbon burns cleaner than those with lower levels. The purest form of coal is graphite, which consists almost entirely of carbon.

ADVANTAGES OF
COAL
Widely distributed.
Abundantly available.
Modern industrialization
based on coal.
Cheaper fuel.
Multi-utility fuel.
Major source of electrical energy.
DISADVANTAGES OF
COAL
Burning coal is a major source of air pollution
Coal reserves are completely exhausted in many countries
Deeper mines are not economically feasible.
Coal mines are accident prone areas

NATURAL GAS:
Natural gas forms mainly from the remains of plankton, or a type of small water organisms including algae. Consisting mostly of methane, natural gas is often found on top of deposits of petroleum due to its lower density, and is extracted in the same process. However, deposits containing only natural gas do exist. Natural gas is desirable in part because it burns cleaner than coal and petroleum. Natural gas is commonly used in residential applications for home heating and has a myriad of other applications.

ADVANTAGES OF
NATURAL GAS
It can be ignited or shut off instantly.
It is used for heating homes
It can be easily carried
It can be conveniently used.
It can be pumped back.
It pollutes air less than petrol when used as CNG
DISADVANTAGES OF
NATURAL GAS
It is unevenly distributed
It is economical if mining areas are located close enough to urban and industrial regions

ANIMAL WEALTH

Royal Bengal Tigers are classified as highly endangered species. You can go for the tiger safari on your tour to India. Royal Bengal Tigers can be spotted in the Corbett, Kanha and Ranthambore national Park in India

Neelgai is widely found in the jungles of India. They are declared by the IUCN as being at low risk of extinction. Neelgai live up to 20 30 years of age. Neelgai prefers dense forests to live.

Black Buck holds the cultural importance in Hinduism and Buddhism. Black Buck is the highly endangered species. Wildlife Parks and zoos are breeding this beautiful species to increase its population

Gee's Golden Langur has black face, long tail and the most appealing part are its rich golden creamish hair. Gee's Golden Langur is found in Assam, Guwahati, Bhutan and the foothills of the Himalayas. It can also be spotted in the Manas National Park.Conservation status : Endangered species,

Greater horseshoe bat-there are 14 species of bat in britian and all of them are endangered. the greater horseshoe bat is one of the rarest. There are currently 35 recognized maternity an all-year roosts and 369 hibernation sites. Current estimates range between 4000-6000 individuals. They have also suffered from insecticides, which have deprived bats from insect foods.

Siberian tiger-it is highly endangered , and there may be fewer than 200 in the wild, probably all in special nature reserves. They are hunted because a poacher can feed his family for a year on the proceeds of just 1 tiger kill.

Loggerhead turtle-this threatened reptile lives in the mediterranean sea, as well as the black sea and the atlantic ocean. The turtle was once intensively hunted for its meat and egg, but its fat was also used in the cosmetic industry. Many of these animals die annualy, caught in the fishing nets of the crabfishers. In turkey hotels have been built right on its breeding sites.

White tailed fish eagle-before man experimented with the use of pheromones, this spectacular bird of prey was much more numerous than it is today. They have been hunted by sheperds and gamekeepers, thay considered them a threat to their sheep or birds.

Mandarin duck-this bird can be seen in britian, but its native home is across eastern asia, in russia, china, korea, japan. Worldwide population status is unknown, the current asian population being around 20000. extinction of these beautiful birds is mainly due to loggers, hunters, poachers. Known predators include mink, raccoon dogs, otters, polecats, eagles, owl, snake grass.

Lion-tailed macaque-these animals live in several areas karnataka, kerala, and tamilnadu. Many of indias tropical forests, the monkeys natural habitat, have been replaced by tea and coffee plantations. Poachers have also captured baby monkies, often killing their parents in the process, for illegal export to the collecters.they are considered to be the most endangered monkey, with only 400 individuals left in the wild.they are hunted for their flesh and fur.

Blackfooted penguin-one of the most common sea-bird in south africa, blackfooted penguin is the only penguin found in africa. Considering the decline in food supplies seals now prey on the seals instead. Oil pollution also threatens them, as does the taking their eggs away for food

Mountain gorilla-the virunga volcanoes region in eastern zaire, rwanda & uganda is the only home of the highly endangered mountain gorilla. They bare frequently killed by traps and snares intended for other animals, face habitat loss and are vulnerable to same human diseases. humans and gorillas are 98% genetically identical, hence they are also exposed to human diseases.only about 700 mountain gorillas are remaining in the wild.

PLANT WEALTH

RARE SPECIES OF PLANTS
We live in a time some experts are calling the “last great land grab“. In order to sustain the rapidly growing population of the world in the coming years, millions of acres of forest will need to be converted to other uses – unless we come up with smarter solutions. With global warming on the rise, forests are more valuable than ever as vital carbon sinks. The twin threats of global warming and deforestation threatens many geographically distinct and ecologically important trees. Here are just a few.

LIST OF PLANT’S
BOIS DETELLE
DRAGON TREE
RAFFLESIA
ALOE POLYPHYLLA

BOIS DENTELLE
This beautiful, delicate tree is exceedingly rare: there are only two bois dentelle trees that remain in existence.
The pair of this tree is located in the cloud forest of Mauritius.
Though it has no commercial value, it is near extinction because the cloud forest habitat has been severely damaged by alien invasive species.
The bois dentelle produces beautiful sprays of delicate hanging white flowers.

DRAGON TREE
The dragon tree pictured above is over 2,000 years old.
The dragon tree genus contains 40 different species, many of which are popularly cultivated. Some are quite small, but the most famous are the large dragon tree pictured.
They are native to Africa, though a few species are found elsewhere.

RAFLESSIA
Rafflesia is a flowering parasitic plant that is found in the rainforests of Indonesia.
Rafflesia does not produce leaves, stems or roots, therefore it is holoparasite.
There is a species of tree so rare that only two are known to exist on earth; there are also strange meat-eating flowers and flowers that simply smell like meat.
They are incredible but also endangered.

ALOE POLYPHYLLA
This beautiful and rare species evolved in the high elevations of the Drakensberg mountains of southern Africa.
A mature plant will have five rows of leaves either clockwise or counterclockwise.
. The unique spiral arrangement of its leaves make Aloe polyphylla very special.
The plants tolerate snow and temperatures between 10 and 90 degrees

MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
Marine ecosystems are a part of the largest aquatic system on the planet,covering over 70% of the Earth's surface. The habitats that make up this vast system range from the productive nearshore regions to the barren ocean floor. Some examples of important marine ecosystems are:
Oceans
Estuaries and Salt Marshes
Coral Reefs and Other Tropical Communities (Mangrove Forests)
Coastal areas like Lagoons, Kelp and Seasgrass Beds and Intertidal systems (rocky, sandy, and muddy shores)

more than
40 million
People
around the world depend on fishing or fish farming for their livelihoods—a number
that has more than tripled since 1970. The vast majority of these people are working
in developing countries, where fishing and aquaculture constitute the economic
backbone of most coastal areas. Their efforts now bring in more than 141 million tons of
seafood per year, supplying a primary source of protein to more than one billion people.
But the ocean provides more than just fish—it contains a dazzling diversity of life and a
seemingly endless bounty of marine resources. Coral reefs draw tourists to support growing
ecotourism industries. Medicines and other highly valuable commodities are harvested from
the sea. Fish and mollusks are caught for food, fertilizer, and many other products.
Despite the vastness of the ocean, it is not limitless. Ocean resources are under intense pressure
to satisfy expanding demands due to population growth and globalization. Many valuable
fisheries around the world have collapsed, invasive species have disrupted marine food webs,
and an increasing number of species are in danger of extinction as a result of human activities.
Changes such as habitat loss and degradation pose significant threats to marine life, while
global change has the potential to modify entire marine ecosystems. The ocean’s ability to
continue to sustain the multibillion dollar industries it supports is increasingly uncertain.

FACTORS AFFECTING MARINE WEALTH
Changes in climate affect marine ecosystems
Overfishing: a threat to marine biodiversity
Oil and Gas Exploration
Ingestion of Marine Debris
Habitat alteration
Coastal development

THE THREAT OF POLLUTIONAND WHAT YOU CAN DO ABOUT ITTOXIC POLLUTION
Oil is perhaps the most publicly recognized toxic pollutant. Large tanker accidents like the Exxon Valdez quickly become known worldwide. Events like this, where the Exxon Valdez grounded on Bligh Reef spilling nearly 11 million gallons of oil into the Prince William Sound in March of 1989, are dramatic and devastating to the entire surrounding marine ecosystem for many years.

WHY OILL SPILL IS DANGEROUS TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

THREATENED & ENDANGERED SPECIES
Marine Conservation Home / NEXT: Habitat Conservation »
Until recently, humankind seemed to view the ocean as a source of infinite resources. Its vast size and depth and unexplored frontiers made the ocean appear invulnerable to overexploitation. The truth is that the populations of many species are decreasing at an unsustainable rate, and the number of species listed as endangered from marine life families such as whales, dolphins, manatees and dugongs, salmon, seabirds, sea turtles, and sharks to name a few, are on the rise. The threats to marine species are difficult to perceive because marine animals are not as visible as animals on land. But unfortunately, marine creatures are equally, if not more, vulnerable to problems such as habitat destruction and overexploitation. Shallow water animals that breathe air, like turtles, manatees, dugongs, and whales are often hit by boats and caught in fishing gear. Species such as turtles that lay their eggs on land often lose their nurseries due to coastal development. Animals that have taken millions of years to evolve, that are invaluable to all ecosystems, have and continue to vanish from places where they once flourished.

FISHY FACTS: ALL FISH SPECIES COULD BE COMMERCIALLY EXTINCT BY 2050
End of the Line reveals the devastating impact of unsustainable overfishing, and the consequences the world faces if we do not change our ways. The documentary was described at the Sundance film festival as the “Inconvenient Truth” of our seas. Journalist Charles Clover accompanied by prominent marine scientists investigates an industry that is removing wild fish from the sea at rates that will completely deplete stocks in less than 40 years. By 2050, if no effective action is taken all fish species could be commercially-extinct

DAL LAKE:ON ITS WORST CONDITION
F1 FLORA
Emerged macrophytes: Typhaangustifolia, Phragmitesaustralis.
Floating macrophytes: Salvinianatans, Hydrocharisdubia, Nymphoidespeltata, Nymphaea sp., Nelumbonucifela, Potamogetonnatans.
Submerged macrophytes: Myriophyllumspicatum, Ceratophyllumdemersum, Potamogetoncrispus, P. lucens.
Phytoplankton: Navicularadiosa, Nitzschiaaccicularis, Fragilariacrotonensis, Diatomaelongatum, Scenedesmusbijuga, Pediastrum duplex, Tetraedron minimum, Microcystisaeruginosa, Merismopediaelegans.
F2 FAUNA
Zooplankton: Keratellacochlearis, K. serrulata, Polyarthravulgaris, Brachionusplicatilis, Monostyla bulla, Alonamonocantha, Cyclops ladakanus, Mesocyclopsleukarti.
Benthos: Chironomus sp., Tubifex sp.
Fish: Cyprinuscarpiospecularis*, C. carpiocommunis, Schizothoraxniger, S. esocinus, S. curviformis, Crossocheliuslatius. * Economically important.
Supplementary notes on the biota: Cyprinus which was introduced in the lake during early sixties has become dominant and the indigenous species Schizothorax is gradually declining in number.

CONCLUSION
As our understanding of threatened marine ecosystems grows,
a new ocean stewardship ethic is beginning to emerge. More
and more stakeholders are embracing an ecosystem approach
to fisheries management and coastal development. A strong
commitment to answering the challenge of effective stewardship
of our marine resources will ensure that the full range of
benefits of marine ecosystems will be enjoyed by generations
to come.

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are part, including diversity within and between species andecosystems.
The CBD is an international legal instrumentfor promoting conservation and sustainable use ofBiological Diversity taking into account “the need to sharecost and benefit between developed and developing countries and the ways and means to support innovation by local people”.
It was resolved to evolve an Internationalregime on access to genetic resources and benefit sharingwith the aim of adopting an instrument/instruments toeffectively implement the provisions of CBD.

FOREST CONSERVATION
To promote investment in power sector “Wind EnergyPolicy” under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 has been put into place.
Development projects
A Monitoring Cell

PROJECT TIGER
Launched
Objective
Tiger Reserves
The network of tiger
The custodian of majorgene pool

Wealth environment

by Apeksha Bhatkar on Sep 21, 2010

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